HIST 2112 Final Exam

How was the transcontinental railroad funded? (16-17)

Grants and loans from the federal government

The Socialist Party of America achieved which of the following gains in the early 20th century? (16-17)

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A. Elected over 1,000 candidates to American political offices \n B. Gained over 150,000 registered members \n C. Garnered nearly one million votes for Socialist Party presidential candidate Eugene Debs in 1912 \n D. All of the above

All of the above

What did the United States demand from the Comanche leading to the Red River War? (16-17)

The United States demanded that the Comanche settle on government reservations

Taylorism attempted to use scientific principles to better handle which aspect of business? (16-17)

Industrial production

Why were Southerners unable to maintain unity in the People’s Party? (16-17)

Racial conflict

Which city served as the most important railroad hub, connecting the East and the West? (16-17)

Chicago

Most practices and objects associated with American cowboys were modified from _____ ranchers. (16-17)

Mexican

The Homestead Act granted official title to 160 acre plots of land after how many years of settlement? (16-17)

Five years

A wave of mergers peaked between 1897 and 1904. The largest of these mergers created the first billion dollar American corporation. What was that corporation? (16-17)

United States Steel

By 1900, the richest 10 percent controlled perhaps ____ percent of the nation’s wealth. (16-17)

90

How did President Lincoln respond to the Sioux Uprising? (16-17)

Attempted to commute the sentences of captured Indians in order to maintain peace

What explains the popularity of Wild West shows? (16-17)

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A. Tapped into anxieties about men losing their masculinity in the "softer" world of factory and office work \n B. Most Americans believed that Native cultures were disappearing, if not already gone, and felt a sense of urgency to see their dances and hear their songs \n C. The Old West seemed an uncomplicated place where the struggle between right and wrong was clear, unlike modern America which seemed increasingly morally complicated. \n D. All of the above

All of the above

What was the purpose of Western cattle drives? (16-17)

To bring cattle to eastern markets, mostly through railroad hubs

Which of the following most accurately describes the arguments of Social Darwinism? (16-17)

State welfare and private charity would lead to degeneration by perpetuating the survival of the weak

Which group founded the People’s Party (also known as the Populists)? (16-17)

Small farmers in the South, Midwest, and Great Plains

What most directly explains the boost in production of McCormick reapers? (16-17)

The adoption of interchangeable parts

The Paiute prophet Wovoka promised that which of the following would occur if Indians obeyed his instructions and participated in the ceremony that came to be called the Ghost Dance? (16-17)

A. Dead relatives would return to Earth \n B. Drought would end and the buffalo would return \n C. Anglo settlers would disappear in an apocalyptic disaster \n D. All of the above

All of the above

What was the purpose of the Dawes General Allotment Act? (16-17)

Splintered vast Native American reservations into individual family homesteads

Which of the following events most seriously damaged the Knights of Labor? (16-17)

Haymarket Affair

Which of the following groups was the most radical? (16-17)

Knights of Labor

What was the most important aspect of the Southern economy in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries? (18-19)

Agriculture

Women participated in the global influence of the United States in many ways, including as all of the following EXCEPT ___. (18-19)

Diplomats

______, wrote an influential book, Southern Horrors: Lynch Law in All Its Phases and helped inspire the anti-lynching movement. (18-19)

Ida B. Wells

All of the following groups provided cultural space for immigrants to maintain their arts, languages, and traditions EXCEPT ____. (18-19)

Rotary clubs

Which of the following statements regarding “muscular Christianity” are true: (18-19)

All of the above

All of the following statements regarding the Philippine-American War are true EXCEPT ___. (18-19)

The war began with the assassination of Emilio Aguinaldo, president of the First Philippine Republic

In the late nineteenth century, which American city had the largest meat producing industry? (18-19)

Chicago

During the nineteenth century, American interests in the Middle East revolved around all of the following EXCEPT ____. (18-19)

Oil

All of the following statements regarding the Guano Islands Act of 1856 are true EXCEPT _____. (18-19)

This legislation put Guano Islands on a path to statehood that later was rejected

What was the Open Door Policy? (18-19)

A call for all western powers to have equal access to Chinese markets

What was the Lost Cause? (18-19)

A glorification of the memory of the Confederacy and a romanticization of the Old South as a pastoral land with benevolent masters and happy slaves

What tactics were used to disenfranchise black voters? (18-19)

All of the above

Why did President Wilson authorize the invasion of Veracruz, Mexico? (18-19)

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A. Victoriano Huerta executed democratically elected president, Francisco Madero \n B. Americans with financial investments in Mexico asked for intervention \n C. Mexican forces mistakenly arrested American sailors

D. All of the above

All of the above

How did railroads transform the American economy? (18-19)

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A. Created a new white color middle class of managers \n B. Inspired the development of organized labor to meet the needs of a permanent working class \n C. Increased the role of government in the economy \n D. All of the above

All of the above

What economic activity most united Brazil and the United States in the early nineteenth century? (18-19)

Sugar trade

How did the Roosevelt Corollary modify the Monroe Doctrine? (18-19)

Declaring that the U.S. had the right to preemptive action through intervention in any Latin American nation to correct administrative and fiscal deficiencies

As President, Theodore Roosevelt transformed the American Navy by emphasizing which of the following strategies? (18-19)

Creating battleships and a "blue water" navy that would win battles against rival fleets

Which of these authors criticized Victorian Era gender norms? (18-19)

Both Charlotte Perkins Gilman and Kate Chopin

What was the “tainted money debate?” (18-19)

The decision whether the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions would accept a large donation by John D. Rockefeller

Which ethnic group faces the most rigid immigration restrictions? (18-19)

Chinese

Theodore Roosevelt first gained fame as a trustbuster by attacking which monopoly in 1902? (20-21)

Northern Securities

Why did so many die in the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire? (20-21)

Unsafe working conditions

Which of the following statements regarding Jane Addams’ activism are true? (20-21)

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A. Spoke out against militarism \n B. Created an influential settlement home in Chicago \n C. Favored cooperation between the rich and the poor \n D. All of the above

All of the above

How did Southern reformers seek to combat corruption? (20-21)

Disenfranchising black voters

What legal principle was enshrined by the Supreme Court case Plessy v. Ferguson? (20-21)

Separate but equal

What was the Red Summer of 1919? (20-21)

Racial violence in twenty-five American cities

What disease proved most deadly during and in the immediate aftermath of World War I? (20-21)

Influenza

What was the result of the King-Crane Commission? (20-21)

Discovery that most inhabitants of the Middle East favored an independent state free of European control

How did many black leaders, including W. E. B. DuBois respond to the war? (20-21)

Supporter the war effort and lobbied to include black soldiers in front-line combat positions

All of the following statements regarding the National Women’s Party are true EXCEPT ____. (20-21)

Advocated violent resistance to sexism

What was the particular spark that ignited World War I? (20-21)

Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand and Grand Duchess Sophie

Which of the following best describes the Social Gospel? (20-21)

The goal of saving society as well as souls

Which of the following writers most effectively used photography in their work? (20-21)

Jacob Riis

Why did the League of Nations fail? (20-21)

American refusal to join

The Triple Entente united all of the following nations EXCEPT ____. (20-21)

The United States

Which of the following definitions best describes the work of muckrakers? (20-21)

Investigative journalists

W. E. B. DuBois, founder of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, broke with his former mentor Booker T. Washington, because DuBois believed that Washington _____. (20-21)

Was not bold enough

Women served in the armed forces during World War I. They served in all of the following positions EXCEPT _____. (20-21)

Commissioned officers

Who advocated racial accommodationism? (20-21)

Booker T. Washington

What was the Zimmerman Telegram? (20-21)

A German offer to help Mexico recover land lost in the Mexican-American War if Mexico would side with Germany in WWI

Two events are widely credited with inspiring the rebirth of the Ku Klux Klan. One of them is the release of the film The Birth of the Nation. What was the second? (22-24)

The lynching of Leo Frank

The National Origins Act restricted the number of immigrants from any given country to ___ percent of the number of current Americans from that country. (22-24)

2

Marcus Garvey created a movement encouraging black Americans to migrate to Africa. To do this he created which of the following: (22-24)

A shipping company called the Black Star Line

Which of the following describes the place of the labor movement during the 1920s? (22-24)

Membership declined

What is the definition of Herbert Hoover’s “Associationalism?” (22-24)

A system where businesses would voluntarily limit harmful business practices for the greater economic good

Britain and France declared war on Germany after which invasion? (22-24)

Poland

Which of the following actions did FDR take to advance civil rights for African Americans? (22-24)

None of these occurred

What prompted President Roosevelt to pass Executive Order 8802? (22-24)

The planned march on Washington led by A. Philip Randolph

Approximately how many women served in the military during WWII? (22-24)

350,000

What was the most dramatic result of the 1938 Fair Labor Standards Act? (22-24)

The creation of a national minimum wage

Fundamentalist Christianity coalesced around a series of ideas best articulated in a pamphlet commissioned by oil barons Lyman and Milton Stewart. What is the name of this pamphlet? (22-24)

The Fundamentals

Which group accounted for 90% of household expenditures in 1920s homes? (22-24)

Women

Hitler and Mussolini helped to topple which government in Spain? (22-24)

Communism

The environmental catastrophe of the Great Depression was partly the result of agricultural mismanagement. Which of the following was the most consequential example of this mismanagement? (22-24)

Farmers plowed up natural ground cover to grow more crops, cover that had taken ages to form in the relatively dry sates of the Plains

Why did Hitler stop the Blitz in June 1941? (22-24)

Germany needed the resources of the Luftwaffe to invade the Soviet Union

Which Allied nation was the first to reach Berlin? (22-24)

Soviet Union

Approximately how many civilians were killed by the atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki? (22-24)

180,000

What did the Works Progress Administration do? (22-24)

Put unemployed men and women to work on projects designed and proposed by local governments

Roosevelt tried to create relief for American farmers through the Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA). What did the AAA do? (22-24)

Aimed to raise the prices of agricultural commodities by offering cash incentives to voluntarily limit farm production, thereby increasing prices

What was the consequence of the Smoot-Hawley Tariff of 1930? (22-24)

It raised tariffs and provoked foreign countries to raise retaliatory tariffs and, as a consequence, made it harder for American farms and businesses to sell abroad.

Who first advocated the policy of containment? (25-27)

George F. Kennan

Who organized the first sit-ins? (25-27)

Students

Who first challenged segregation on buses? (25-27)

Sarah Keys

The Civil Rights Act of 1968 focused on what primary issue? (25-27)

Outlawing discrimination in housing

The cornerstone of Lydon Johnson’s War on Poverty was which program? (25-27)

Community Action

Why was the “loss” of China to communism so upsetting to Americans? (25-27)

All of the above

What did Lyndon Johnson call his domestic program? (25-27)

The Great Society

Which of the following advantages did the Soviet Union achieve during the Cold War? (25-27)

All of the above

The 1968 Democratic National Convention included massive protests and violent reprisals by police. Where did this convention meet? (25-27)

Chicago

Betty Friedan’s Feminine Mystique focused on what primary issue? (25-27)

Feelings of dissatisfaction with life as a housewife

How did President Eisenhower attempt to prevent a Soviet Attack on the United States? (25-27)

By promising “massive retaliation” and appealing to the logic of “mutually-assured destruction”

What was Emmett Till murdered? (25-27)

Allegedly whistling at a white woman

Joseph McCarthy first achieved national prominence in February 1950 by waving a piece of paper that he claimed included 205 communists currently working in what capacity? (25-27)

Members of the Department of State

What was the message of NSC-68? (25-27)

A call for a tripling of the annual defense budget for the purpose

What was the first military action taken by the United States against international communism? (25-27)

American soldiers fought against the Red Army during the Russian civil war

What caused the Cuban Missile Crisis? (25-27)

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A. Castro’s invitation to the Soviet Union to install missiles

B. Retaliation for the American nuclear arsenal housed in Turkey

C. Hostile relations between the United States and Cuba

D. All of the above

All of the above

What was the name of the 1950s counterculture that rejected the values of conformity and domesticity? (25-27)

Beats

What was the result of Brown v. Board of Education? (25-27)

Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal

Which of the following enabled the rising purchase of consumer goods in the 1950s? (25-27)

All of the above

What was the purpose of the Marshall Plan? (25-27)

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A. Rebuild Western Europe \n B. Create new markets for American goods \n C. Generate support for Capitalist democracies \n D. All of the above

All of the above