Cardio Vascular System Chapter 5 and Chapter 6

water and proteins

What is Plasma made of?

Albumins (60%), Globulins (35%) Fibrinogens (4%)

what are the proteins present in plasma?

plasma

Where are formed elements found?

dissolved gases, nutrients, metabolic wastes, enzymes, hormones, and ions

What does blood transport?

white blood cells, red blood cells, platelets and plasma

What makes up blood?

carry oxygen and carbon dioxide

What is the job of red blood cells?

Attack pathogens

what does white blood cells do?

activates clotting to minimize blood loss

what do platelets do?

transports all the gases, clotting factors, and other chemicals through the body

what does plasma do?

erythrocytes(RBC), leukocytes (White blood cells), and platelets

What makes up formed elements?

Neutrophils(50-70%), Eosinophils(2-4%), Basophils(

What makes up white blood cells?

120 days

What is the life span of a red blood cell?

packed cell volume (PCV)

What is hematocrit?

molecule that carries oxygen and carbon dioxide within RBC

What is hemoglobin?

the formation of blood components

What is hemopoiesis?

red bone marrow

Where are lymphocytes created?

stem cells found in the bone marrow

What are hemocytoblasts?

erythropoietin(EPO)

What initiates erythropoiesis (creation of blood cells)

the kidneys

what secretes erythropoietin?

agglutinogen A, B, and C

What are the three major types of agglutinogens? (antigens)

agglutinin A and B

What are the two major types of agglutinins?

A agglutinogen on RBC and B agglutinin plasma

What makes up A blood type?

B agglutinogen on RBC, A agglutinin in plasma

What makes up B blood type?

Agglutinogen A and agglutinogen B on RBC

What makes up AB blood type?

Neither A or B agglutinogen A and B agglutinins

What makes up O blood type?

neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes

What are the 5 types of leukocytes?

first to arrive at the injury site and activate phagocytes

What are neutrophils?

increase during allergic reaction and parasitic infections

What are eosinophils?

reduce inflammation that is produced by mast cells and neutrophils

What do eosinophils do?

release histamine and heparin and migrate to sites of injury

What do basophils do?

release chemical to attract fibroblasts

what do monocytes do?

type of cell that is important in collagen fiber (tendon) healing

What are fibroblasts?

Primary cells of lymphatic system; specific immunity responsibility

lymphocytes

platelet thromboplastin factor

What chemical do platelets release?

white blood cell that has granules in cytoplasm

What are granulocytes?

mediastinum

Where is the heart located?

in the thoracic cavity in between the lung cavities

Where is the mediastinum?

the bottom connection between the ventricles

What is the apex of the heart?

endocardium, myocardium, and epicardium

What are the three layers of the heart?

Smooth epithelium tissue

What is the endocardium made of?

fibrous connective tissue that covers exterior surface of heart

What is the epicardium?

located between endocardium and epicardium

Where is the myocardium?

myocardium

Where are the cardiac muscle cells located?

left ventricle

Which ventricle is thicker?

covers and attaches directly to the heart

What is the Visceral pericardium?

outer dense fibrous layer that attaches to the mediastinum

What is the parietal pericardium?

Epicardium

What is another name for the visceral pericardium?

serous and fibrous pericardium

What are the two layer of the pericardium?

made up of collagen fibers and assists with stabilizing the heart

What does the fibrous pericardium do?

visceral and parietal pericardium

What makes up the serous pericardium?

Anchors hearts in mediastinal cavity, secretes lubricating fluid, shock absorber, permits free movement of heart

What are the functions of the pericardium?

inferior and superior vena cava

Where does the right atria receive blood?

pectinate muscles and fossa ovalis

What are found inside the right atria?

opening that allows blood to flow from the right atria to the left atrium

What does the pectinate muscles and fossa ovalis do?

between the RA and right ventricle

Where are the tricuspid valve, cusps and choradae tendineae located?

oxygenated-rich blood from pulmonary veins

Where does the left atrium receive blood from?

mitral valve

What allows blood to pass from the left atrium to the left ventricle?

deoxygenated blood

What type of blood does the right ventricle receive?

pulmonary artery

What vessel receives the deoxygenated blood in the pulmonary circuit?

Systemic circuit

What circuit is the aorta apart of?

carries oxygen-rich blood from heart to the body

What do arteries do?

elastic, muscular, arterioles

What are the three types of arteries?

largest blood vessels and have the ability to adapt to the amount of blood per contraction

What are elastic arteries?

blood vessels that contain additional smooth muscle to change or altar blood flow to regions of the body

What are muscular arteries?

smallest arteries that cover the smooth muscle

What are the arterioles?

Tunica intima, tunica media, and adventitia

What are the three layers of blood vessels?

innermost layer that contains elastic fiber and connective tissue

What is the tunica intima?

consists of smooth muscle and connective tissue and allows for vasoconstriction or vasodilation

What is the tunica media?

outermost layer that consists of thick collagen fibers and assists with the stabilization of blood vessels

what is the adventitia?

ANS, hormones and changes in blood chemistry

What controls the contraction of blood vessels?

muscular

Which artery is the most common in the body?

exits the left ventricle

Where is the aorta?

ascending aorta, aortic arch, descending aorta

What are the three sections of the aorta?

exits the left ventricle and has two branches

What is the ascending aorta?

What are the two branches of the ascending aorta?

left coronary artery (LCA) and right coronary artery (RCA)

supply blood to the heart

What are the jobs of the coronary arteries?

curve before descending into the abdominal cavity

what is the aortic arch?

Brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery, and left subclavian artery

What are the three branches of the aortic arch?

divides into right common carotid and right subclavian artery

What is the brachiocephalic trunk?

artery that branches into the internal ceratoid and external carotid artery.

What does the right common carotid do?

supply blood to the brain, skull, head and neck

What do the internal ceratoid artery and external carotid artery do?

Provides blood to the right upper extremity

What does the right subclavian artery do?

supplies blood to the left side of the head and splits into internal and external carotid arteries

What does the left common carotid artery do?

third branch of aortic arch and supplies blood to the left upper extremities

what does the left subclavian artery do?

travels down the body and supplies oxygen-rich blood to the lower body

What does the descending aorta do?

thoracic and abdominal aorta

What are the two sections of the descending aorta?

resides in the chest and supplies blood to the chest wall and thoracic organs

What does the thoracic aorta do?

supplies blood to the viscera, lower extremities, and abdominal wall

what does the abdominal aorta do?

continuation of the subclavian artery after it passes under the clavicle

What is the axillary artery?

continuation of the axillary artery in the upper arm

What is the Brachial artery?

branch of the brachial artery at the elbow, travels laterally to the distal radius

What is the radial artery?

branch of the brachial artery and travels down the medial aspect of the forearm

What is the ulnar artery?

first ventral branch of the abdominal aorta, inferior to the diaphragm

What is the Celiac trunk

gastric artery, splenic artery, hepatic artery

What are the three branches of the celiac trunk?

supplies stomach

What does the gastric artery do?

supplies spleen

What does the splenic artery do?

supplies liver

What does the hepatic artery do?

supplies blood to the small intestine and upper colon

What does the superior mesenteric artery do?

supplies kidney with oxygen rich blood form aorta

What do the renal arteries do?

supplies testes and ovaries

What do the gonadal arteries do?