Anatomical Terminology

Anatomy

the structures of the body and their physical relationships

Physiology

the study of the body structures and their functions

Anterior

towards the front

inferior

away from head; lower

Frontal Plane

the plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior regions

Sagittal Plane

the plane that divides the body into left and right parts

Transverse Plane

the plane that divides the body into superior and inferior regions

Quadrant A

Right Upper (RUQ)

Quadrant B

Left Upper (LUQ)

Quadrant C

Right Lower (RLQ)

Quadrant D

Left Lower (LLQ)

Parietal Pleura

chest wall

Visceral Pleura

lungs, blood vessels, nerves, & bronchi

Parietal Peritoneum

abdominal & pelvic cavities

Visceral Peritoneum

abdominal organs

Parietal Pericardium

outer layer of the heart

Visceral Pericardium

innermost layer of the heart

abdominopelvic region 1

right hypochondriac

abdominopelvic region 2

epigastric

abdominopelvic region 3

left hypochondriac

abdominopelvic region 4

right lumbar

abdominopelvic region 5

umbilical

abdominopelvic region 6

left lumbar

abdominopelvic region 7

right iliac

abdominopelvic region 8

hypogastric

abdominopelvic region 9

left iliac

Integumentary system

Forms skin to protect deeper tissue from injury

Muscular system

Allows locomotion & maintains posture

Skeletal system

Protects & supports organs and provides muscle attachment

Nervous system

Activates muscles & glands, control system that responds to internal and external change

Endocrine system

Secretes regulatory hormones for growth, reproduction, & metabolism

Circulatory system

Transports materials in the body via blood pumped by the heart

Lymphatic system

Disposes of debris, returns fluid to blood, and responsible for immunity

Respiratory system

Keeps blood supplied with oxygen & removes carbon dioxide

Digestive system

Breaks down food, allows for nutrient absorption, & eliminates indigestible material

Excretory system

Eliminates nitrogenous waste, maintains acid-base balance, regulation of materials

Reproductive system

produces offspring

cavity 1

cranial cavity

cavity 2

spinal cavity

cavity 3

superior mediastinum

cavity 4

pleural cavity

cavity 5

pericardinal cavity within the mediastinum

cavity 6

diaphragm

cavity 7

abdominal cavity

cavity 8

pelvic cavity

cavity 9

abdomino-pelvic cavity

cavity 10

ventral body cavity

cavity 1

cranial cavity

cavity 2

dorsal cavity

cavity 3

spinal cavity

cavity 4

thoracic cavity

cavity 5

diaphragm

cavity 6

abdominal cavity

cavity 7

pelvic cavity

cubital

posterior elbow

scapular

shoulder blade

frontal

forehead

ocular

eye

nasal

nose

buccal

cheek

otic

ear

cervical

neck

cranial

skull

facial

face

oral

mouth

mental

chin

axillary

armpit

brachial

arm

antecubital

front of elbow

antebrachial

forearm

thoracic

chest

abdominal

abdomen

umbilical

navel

pelvic

pelvis

carpal

wrist

palmar

hand

inguinal

groin

femoral

thigh

pedal

foot

patellar

kneecap

crural

leg

tarsal

ankle

digits

fingers/toes

acromial

shoulder

dorsal

back

cephalic

head

olecranal

back of elbow

lumbar

lower back

gluteal

buttock

popiteal

back of knee

sural

calf

calcaneal

heel of foot

plantar

sole of foot

superior

toward the head

inferior

away from head

proximal

close to point of attachment

distal

away from point of attachment

medial

towards midline

lateral

away from midline

posterior

toward the back