ch.4 terms

acne

Inflammatory disorder of the sebaceous glands that produces pimples on the skin.

albinism

an inherited condition that prevents the normal production for melanin, resulting in extremely pale skin and white hair.

allergy skin test

a test used to identify allergies

alopecia

Hair loss that results from genetics, normal aging, illness, or drugs used to treat certain diseases.

anesthetic

A drug that causes a reversible loss of sensation or pain; used to temporarily deaden pain.

antibiotic

A drug that fights or prevents bacterial infections.

antifungal

A drug used to fight off fungal infections.

antipruritic

A drug used to inhibit itching.

antiviral

A drug used to treat viral infections.

arrector pili

Bundles of small muscle fibers.

autograft

The surgical transfer of tissue from one part of a patient’s body to another part of the same body.

basal cell carcinoma

A commonly slow-growing, malignant tumor of the basal cell layer of the epidermis that typically does not metastasize.

basal layer

The deepest layer of the epidermis that is constantly growing and multiplying, with younger cells pushing old cells to the surface.

biologic

A drug that works like parts of the immune system by disrupting the autoimmune response that occurs in certain diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis.

biopsy

The removal of a small piece of living tissue for microscopic examination to determine the presence of disease.

blepharoplasty

Plastic surgery of the eyelid.

cauterization

Destruction of tissue through the application of heat, cold, or an electrical current.

chemical peel

The use of chemicals to remove outer layers of the skin.

cicatrix

a scar left by a healed wound

collagen

A fibrous protein found in skin, bone, cartilage, tendons, and ligaments.

corticosteroid

A hormone-like drug used as an anti- inflammatory and/or immunosuppressant.

cryosurgery

surgical procedure in which infected or abnormal cells or tissues are frozen in order to destroy or remove them.

curettage

The removal of tissue by scraping the surface

cuticle

A narrow band of epidermal tissue attached to the surface of the nail.

cyanosis

bluish or purplish discoloration of the skin, caused by decreased circulation of oxygen-rich blood.

cyst

A closed, thick-walled sac or pouch containing fluid or semisolid material that develops in a cavity or other structure of the body.

debridement

The removal of damaged tissue and foreign debris to prevent infection and promote healing.

dermabrasion

The use of abrasive materials to remove layers of skin.

dermatologist

A physician who diagnoses and treats conditions and diseases of the skin, hair, and nails.

dermatology technician

A specialized medical assistant who works in the skin-care field.

dermatoplasty

the replacement of damaged skin with donor skin from a different region of the body.

dermis

The layer of skin that lies directly below the epidermis, and which is made up of connective tissue, blood and lymphatic vessels, nerve fibers, hair follicles, and sebaceous and sweat glands.

ecchymosis

Black-and-blue or purplish bruise caused by ruptured blood vessels beneath the skin

eczema

Acute or chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by erythema, itchiness, and edema, or swelling.

epidermis

The outermost layer of the skin.

epithelial tissue

Body tissue that forms the skin covering the surface of the body, lines the internal organs, and makes up certain glands.

excisional biopsy

The surgical removal of an entire lesion or tumor.

exfoliative cytology

A biopsy in which living tissue is scraped.

first-degree burn

A skin burn characterized by superficial epidermal lesions.

fissure

A groove or crack; (2) A sore; (3) A deep, narrow, slit-like opening in a bone.

gangrene

Necrosis, or death, of tissue due to loss of blood supply, followed by bacterial infection.

gland

A cell, or groups of cells, that secretes select substances within or out of the body.

hair follicles

Tiny secretory cavities from which hair grows.

hair shaft

The non growing part of a hair that protrudes from the skin.

immunosuppressant

A drug that prevents or reduces the body’s normal reactions to invasion and which is used to prevent the rejection of donor tissue or to treat autoimmune disorders.

impetigo

Bacterial infection of the skin characterized by vesicles (small, fluid-filled sacs), pustules (small, pus-filled blisters), and crusted-over lesions.

incision and drainage

A procedure in which an incision is made through the skin to drain fluid or an abscess.

incisional biopsy

A biopsy procedure in which an incision is made into living tissue, and a small piece is removed for microscopic examination.

integumentary system

The body system that is composed of the skin and its accessories, and which protects the body by functioning as a physical barrier, regulates temperature and fluid control, produces vitamin D, and provides sensory information.

intradermal skin test

A test in which different substances are injected into the skin to test for allergic reactions.

keloid

An abnormally raised, thickened scar.

keratin

A fibrous, water-repellent protein.

laser therapy

The surgical or therapeutic use of devices that generate concentrated beams of light.

lipectomy

The surgical removal of fat below the skin.

lipids

A group of organic compounds that lubricate the skin and minimize water loss.

lipocytes

Cells that manufacture and store fat.

liposuction

The use of suction during surgery to remove fat below the skin

lunula

The semilunar (half-moon- shaped), white area at the proximal end of the nail.

macule

An oval-shaped pigmented area near the retina, which contains specialized, high-density cones that are used for high-acuity vision.

malignant melanoma

A cancerous growth composed of melanocytes that begins as an irregularly shaped macule and then changes color and texture; classified as level I, II, III, or IV, depending on level of penetration.

melanin

Pigment responsible for the skin’s color and which also helps protect skin against the harmful ultraviolet rays of the sun

melanocytes

Cells located in the epidermis that contain and produce dark brown-to- black pigments called melanin.

mohs surgery

A surgical method for treating skin cancer; thin, tumorous skin layers are successively removed and examined, the process continuing until there is no evidence of the tumor.

mucous membrane

A thin, pliable layer of tissue that lines any body cavity that opens to the outside world (for example, the nasal passage)

nail plate

The hard, translucent part of the nail.

nail root

the area of the dermis on which the nail rests

nails

Accessory organs of the skin that are made of hard keratin.

needle biopsy

A biopsy procedure in which a needle is used to remove a tissue sample for microscopic examination.

nevus

A highly pigmented lesion of the skin that is flat or raised; also called a mole.

nodule

A solid skin elevation larger than one centimeter in diameter; may develop in the epidermis, dermis, or subcutaneous layer

papule

A solid skin elevation with distinct borders and a diameter of less than one centimeter; also called a pimple.

perspiration

The fluid excreted by sweat glands; also known as sweat.

petechia

Round, pinpoint spots on the skin caused by intradermal hemorrhage.

polyp

A small, mushroom-like growth, typically benign, that extends from the surface of a mucous membrane.

psoriasis

A chronic disease marked by itchy, erythematous skin with silvery patches.

punch biopsy

A biopsy in which a rotating blade is used to produce a cylindrical core of tissue.

purpura

A purple or brownish-red rash in which blood leaks from vessels into the skin or mucous membranes.

pustule

A small, infected skin elevation that contains pus; abscess.

rhytidectomy

The elimination of wrinkles by surgically removing skin from the face.

scabies

A contagious, parasitic infection of the skin with intense pruritus, or itching.

scleroderma

chronic, progressive disease of the skin marked by hardening and shrinking of connective tissue, which causes edema or pain in the muscles or joints.

sclerotherapy

The injection of a medical solution such as saline into varicose veins or spider veins to remove these veins.

scratch test

type of allergy skin test; the forearm is scratched with lancets and a variety of substances.

sebaceous glands

Glands that secrete sebum and are located in the dermal layer of the skin.

sebum

An oily substance that lubricates the skin and hair.

second-degree burn

skin burn characterized by epidermal and dermal lesions, erythema, blisters, and hyperesthesia.

squamous cell carcinoma

Malignant tumor of the squamous epithelial cells of the epidermis; may grow in other organs lined with epithelial cells.

stratified squamous epithelium

The upper layer of the epidermis.

subcutaneous layer

The deepest layer of the skin.

sweat glands

Tiny, coiled glands that secrete sweat (perspiration) and are located in the dermis.

systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

A chronic, inflammatory disease of collagen in the skin, joints, and internal organs. SLE is an autoimmune disease.

third-degree burn

A skin burn in which the epidermis and dermis are destroyed.

tinea

A skin infection caused by a fungus.

ulcer

An open sore or an erosion of the skin or lining of a mucous membrane.

urticaria

A condition characterized by hives with localized swelling and itching.

varicose

Enlarged, twisted, superficial veins, most commonly seen in the lower extremities.

vesicle

A small, raised skin lesion filled with clear fluid; blister.

vitiligo

Loss of pigment in one or more areas of the skin, creating the appearance of milky-white patches.

wart

**A small, hard, benign skin growth caused by a virus (usually a papillomavirus).**

wheal

A smooth, slightly swollen area that is redder or paler than the surrounding skin; a characteristic of hives