CH 19 MC

Which of the following does the glomerular filtration rate depend on along with blood flow?
Blood Pressure
Respiratory Rate
Blood Glucose Levels
CO2 Levels

Blood Pressure

What is the first barrier to filtration?
glomerular capillary endothelium
basement membrane
epithelium of Bowman's capsule

glomerular capillary endothelium

True or False: Filtration occurs in the renal corpuscle.
True
False

True

What happens if we increase the resistance of afferent arterioles by vasoconstricting them?
A decrease in the the glomerular filtration rate
An increase in the glomerular filtration rate
Filtration will be less effective
Proteins in the blood will prevent rapid glomerular filtration of waste in the blood

A decrease in the the glomerular filtration rate

Secretion is more \_____ than filtration.
harmful
generalized
selective
Active

selective

What is the function of the ureters?
Filter blood plasma and make urine
Take urine from the kidneys to the bladder
Store urine prior to excretion
Take urine fro the bladder to the external environment

Take urine from the kidneys to the bladder

True/False: Every human has 2 kidneys.
True
False

False

Which of the following not a tubular element of the kidney?
Bowman's Capsule
Proximal Tubule
Loop of Henle
Inulin

Inulin

Which of the following is not one of the barriers to filtration in Bowman's Capsule?
Glomerular Capillary Endothelium
Basement Membrane
Epithelium of Bowman's Capsule
Basilar Membrane

Basilar Membrane

Which of the following is NOT one of the variables that influence filtration rate?
Blood pressure
Barrier permeability
Concentration of solute
Renal blood flow

Concentration of solute

Which of the following is NOT one of the primary pressure influences on kidney filtration?
Capillary blood pressure.
Capillary colloid osmotic pressure.
Nephrotic blood pressure.
Capsule fluid pressure.

Nephrotic blood pressure.

Which one of these is NOT a filtration barrier in the renal corpuscle?
Glomerular capillary endothelium
Nephron
Basement membrane
Epithelium of Bowman's capsule

Nephron

True or False: Most of the fluid that moves through the renal corpuscle is reabsorbed by the time it makes its way to the end of the proximal tubule.
True
False

True

True or False: Excretion is secretion minus what's bein re-absorbed plus secretion.
True
False

False

True or False: There is a left and right urethra.
True
False

False

Which of the following is the correct formula for excretion?
Filtration - Reabsorption + Secretion
Filtration + Reabsorption + Secretion
Filtration * Reabsorption * Secrtion
Filtration - Reabsorption * Secretion

Filtration - Reabsorption + Secretion

True or False: Excretion is the last part of the urine transformation process.
True
False

True (??)

What is the most popular spot to see gout in?
Toes
Fingers
Abdominals
Other:

Toes

True or False: Substances leaving the plasma must pass through THREE filtration barriers before entering the tubule lumen.
True
False

True

True or False: The ureters do not function properly in space.
True
False

False

Where does creatine come from?
a product of reabsorption from the kidneys
a byproduct of alcohol filtration
a plant product that we can't digest
the breakdown of phosphocreatine

the breakdown of phosphocreatine

True or False: Excretion is the last part of the urine formation process.
True
False

True

True or False: Creatine Clearance is a way to measure glomerular filtration rate.
True
False

False

In which order does urine flow through the urinary system?
kidneys, right and left ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
kidneys, urinary bladder, right and left ureters, urethra
kidneys, right and left ureters, urethra, urinary bladder
kidneys, urethra, right and left ureters, urinary bladder

kidneys, right and left ureters, urinary bladder, urethra

Which is FALSE about the medical condition gout?
Calcium deposits get deposited in specific places
Anti-inflammatories which will help with the inflammation
Increasing water intake dilutes the crystals in the blood
Avoiding alcohol helps with the medical condition

Calcium deposits get deposited in specific places

What are the two ways to measure clearance?
Polysaccharide and protein
Globulin and Albumin
Insulin and Plasma
Inulin and Creatine

Inulin and Creatine

What is the function of the urinary bladder?
Storing urine
Filtration
Connection to the external environment
Production of hormone

Storing urine

What is excretion?
Filtration - reabsorption + secretion
Filtration + secretion
Filtration - reabsorption
Reabsorption - filtration - secretion

Filtration - reabsorption + secretion

What is the correct order of flow through the urinary tract?
Kidneys --\> Ureters --\> Urinary Bladder --\> Urethra
Ureters --\> Urinary Bladder --\> Kidneys --\> Urethra
Urethra --\> Urinary Bladder --\> Ureters --\> Kidneys
Urinary Bladder --\> Kidneys --\> Urethra --\> Ureters

Kidneys --\> Ureters --\> Urinary Bladder --\> Urethra

About \___ of your blood flow at rest is going to the kidneys.
25%
60%
5%
90%

25%

Filtration occurs at the \____
Loop of Henle
Proximal Tubule
Collecting Ducts
Renal Corpuscle

Renal Corpuscle

True or False: There are two ureters that lead to the urinary bladder.
True
False

True

True or False: The nephron is the actual filter of the kidney
True
False

True

True or False: The nephron is not the actual filter of the kidney.
True
False

False

Which of the following structures brings urine from the bladder to the external environment?
Ureter
Urethra
Tubules
Glomerulus

Urethra

About how much of your blood flow at rest is going to the kidneys?
10-15%
15-20%
20-25%
25-30%

20-25%

Where are cortical nephrons located?
Medulla
Capsule
Cortex
Ureter

Cortex

The renal corpuscle is made up of what two tubular elements?
distal tubule and loop of henle
loop of henle and collecting ducts
Renal pelvis and distal tubule
Bowman's capsule and glomerulus

Bowman's capsule and glomerulus

True or False: The filtrate passes through the proximal convoluted tubule before reaching the Loop of Henle.
True
False

True

True or False: The Renal Pelvis the common collecting duct for all the collecting ducts.
True
False

True

Most people have 2 kidneys.
True
False

True

Urine always moves in one direction.
True
False

True

How much of your blood flow at rest is going to kidneys?
23%
50%
75%
10%

23%

What is clearance used to measure?
Glomerular filtration rate
Heart rate
Blood Pressure
Bladder activity

Glomerular filtration rate

Fill in the blank: Internal sphincter is \_______ and external sphincter is \_________.
involuntary, voluntary
involuntary, involuntary
voluntary, voluntary
voluntary, involuntary

involuntary, voluntary

What is the function of the urethra?
Connect urine from the bladder to the external environment
Connect urine from the bladder to the internal environment
Filter urine as it passes through it
Produce hormones in urine as it passes through it

Connect urine from the bladder to the external environment

Which is NOT a function of the kidneys?
Production of hormones
Excretion of waste
Maintenance of ion balance
Phagocytosis of pathogens

Phagocytosis of pathogens

How many sphincters control urination?
1
3
2
4

2

What substance builds up in the blood to cause gout?
Creatinine
Uric Acid
Globulin
Urea

Uric Acid

Which of the following is true about the filtrate?
In the loop of Henle, you've got more solute than water being absorbed
The filtrate at the renal corpuscle is almost identical to your blood plasma
The concentration at the loop of Henle drops because of reabsorption
The concentration varies widely depending on amount of water ingested

The filtrate at the renal corpuscle is almost identical to your blood plasma

True of False: Penicillin and probenecid is an example of how competition keeps substances from being filtered out as quickly.
True
False

True

What two structures compose the renal corpuscle?
glomerulus and Bowman's capsule
distal and proximal convoluted tubules
loop of Henle and glomerulus
Bowman's capsule and renal pelvis

glomerulus and Bowman's capsule

Which of the following structures contains 80% of nephrons?
outer cortex
nephron
inner medulla
renal corpuscle

outer cortex

How many sphincters control micturition?
2
3
0
1

2

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of gout?
Swollen Toe
Redness near the ankle
Yellow Skin
Joint Pain

Yellow Skin

True or False: We can measure clearance with insulin or creatinine. (???)
True
False

False

Where is filtrate most similar to blood plasma?
renal corpuscle
proximal tubules
loop of henle
distal tubule and collecting ducts

renal corpuscle

What is the scientific word for urination?
absorption
micturition
secretion
Gout

micturition

Which of the following has the most filtrate flowing through it a day?
loop of henle
proximal tubules
renal corpuscle
distal tubule and collecting ducts

renal corpuscle

True or False: The outer cortex contains 80% of nephrons.
True
False

True

What percent of blood flow goes to the kidney at rest?
30%
20%
40%
35%

20%

Which of the following is NOT a barrier to filtration in the renal corpuscle?
basment membrane
glomercular capillary endothelium
epithelium of Bowman's capillary
glomerular capillary epithelium

glomercular capillary endothelium

True or False: Net filtration pressure depends on renal blood flow and blood pressure.
True
False

True

Which of the following pressures FAVORS filtration across the glomerular capillaries?
Capillary blood pressure
Capillary colloid osmotic pressure
Capsule fluid pressure
Hyperstatic pressure

Capillary blood pressure

Which of the following corresponds to nephrons found in the outer cortex of the kidney?
juxtamedullary nephrons
renal corpuscle
cortical nephrons
Loop of Henle

cortical nephrons

Which of the following is the first capillary bed of the portal system in the kidneys?
glomerulus
cortical nephrons
juxtamedullary nephrons
urinary bladder

glomerulus

True or False: Renal arteries and renal veins are the vascular elements of the kidneys.
True
False

True

What can be developed if gout is not treated?
Kidney stones
Acquired cystic kidney disease
Diabetes mellitus
Ectopic kidney

Kidney stones

What color of our urine determines that we are correctly hydrated?
Clear
Dark brown
Pale lemonade
Dark pink lemonade

Pale lemonade

How much urine should you excrete in a day?
1/2 Liter
1 Liter
1 1/2 Liters
2 Liters

1 1/2 Liters

True or False: If you are well hydrated your Millosmoles per liter will be closer to 1200.
True
False

False

Where is gout typically found in the body?
Wrist
Thumb
Ankle
Big toe

Big toe

True or False: The inner spinchter is under involuntary control.
True
False

True

What is considered a buildup of uric acid crystals in the blood?
Gout
Excretion
Filtration
Renal Corpuscle

Gout

Which of the following is the clinically preferred way to measure GFR?
Inulin clearance
Creatinine clearance
Urine specific gravity test
Urine color test

Creatinine clearance

True/False: The inner sphincter is under involuntary control.
True
False

True

What vascular elements are included in the kidneys?
renal arteries and veins
urethral arteries and veins
femoral arteries and veins
brachial arteries and veins

renal arteries and veins

What are nephrons found in the outer cortex called?
cortical nephrons
juxtamedullary nephrons
corticorsal nephrons
cortisol nephrons

cortical nephrons

True or False: Excretion is the first part of the urine formation process.
True
False

False

How much urine should one excrete per day?
1.5 L
2.5 L
5 L
50 L

1.5 L

True or False: Generally, the more dehydrated you are, the less concentrated your urine will be.
True
False

False

Which of the following terms is the medical term for urination?
Peeing
Micturition
Clearance
Sphincter

Micturition

Which type of pressure does NOT influence filtration?
Capsule fluid pressure
Capsule colloid osmotic pressure
Capillary blood pressure
Capillary colloid osmotic pressure

Capsule colloid osmotic pressure

Which one of these is FALSE?
GFR decreases when afferent resistance increases
GFR increases when efferent resistance increases
GFR decreases when efferent resistance increases
GFR increases when afferent resistance decreases

GFR decreases when efferent resistance increases

Which of the following is NOT a barrier to filtration?
Glomerular capillary endothelium.
Basement membrane.
Epithelium of Bowman's capsule.
Ascending loop of Henle.

Ascending loop of Henle.

True or false: Filtration is more selective than secretion.
True
False

False

True or false: Macula densa cells secrete renin.
True
False

False

True or false: Action of angiotensin II on efferent renal arterioles will decrease filtration rate.
True
False

True

Which of the following is not one of the pressures that influences filtration?
Capillary Blood Pressure
Capillary Colloid Osmotic Pressure
Capsule Fluid Pressure
Capsule Chemiosmotic Pressure

Capsule Chemiosmotic Pressure

True or False: Plasma proteins are eliminated in urine.
True
False

False

Which of the following is NOT an element of the kidney?
Glomerulus
Nephron
Outer Cortex
Alveoli

Alveoli

What is the pressure that drives materials out of the blood into the kidney?
Capillary blood pressure
Capillary colloid osmotic pressure
Capsule fluid pressure
Capsule capillary pressure

Capillary blood pressure

True/False: The urine generated from the kidneys travel to the bladder through the ureters.
True
False

True

Which of the following describes one of the functions of the kidneys?
To regulate extracellular fluid and blood pressure.
To pump blood around the systemic circulation.
To regenerate stem cells used for muscle regeneration.
To indefinitely store the urine generated from the gallbladder.

To regulate extracellular fluid and blood pressure.

Which is NOT a tubular element of the kidneys?
Bowman's capsule
Proximal tubule
Renal artery
Renal pelvis

Renal artery

True or False: More nephrons are located in the outer cortex than in the inner medulla.
True
False

True

Secretion comes \______ reabsorption.
before
after
during
in between

after

True or False: Competition keeps substances from being filtered out as quickly as they otherwise would to help increase their effectiveness.
True
False

True

True or False: The filtrate in the renal corpuscle is almost identical to the blood plasma.
True
False

True

Which of the following is under voluntary control?
Internal sphincter
External sphincter
Urinary bladder
Renal corpuscle

External sphincter