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* Sunlight is the primary source of energy for producers
* Producers are organisms that can convert sunlight into usable energy through photosynthesis
* Photosynthesis is the process by which producers convert sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water into glucose and oxygen
* Without sunlight, producers would not be able to produce energy and the entire food chain would be disrupted.

energy transfer

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90% energy lost per trophic - because of - respiration, movement , excretion, maintain body heat

higher trophic level \= lower energy intake

energy transfer - 1. producer - energy from light ( photosynthesis ) to chemical energy

2. primary consumer -

3. secondary consumer

4. tertiary consumer

Food Chain + Food Web

foodweb - network of interconnected foodchains

trophic level- position of organism in a food chain / foodweb

carnivore - animals that gets energy from eating other animals

omnivore - animals that eats both plants and animals for energy

herbivore - animals that only eats plants for energy

decomposers - organism that gets energy by the breaking down dead organisms

Pyramid of number, biomass and energy

number - number of organisms in each trophic level

biomass- drymass of the organism

energy - energy transferred

advantage and disadvantage of biomass-

++- they are more accurate of the energy transfer

\-- the time of the year effects results , difficult to measure biomass

Population

define it - group of organism of 1 species living in the same area at same time

community - all population of different species in ecosystem

ecosystem - place that contain community of organisms and environment that interacts with each other

Lag phase, Log phase , Stationary phase, Death phase

adaptation , reproduction, limiting factors birth rate \= death rate , change in environment

limiting factors

- food supply

-competition

-disease

Carbon cycle

where do we get carbon

1. respiration - forms Co2 which is released into air

2.combustion of fossil fuels

3. photosynthesis to feeding which moves carbon in form of biological molecule along food chain

4.decomposition of organisms - fossilization

Nitrogen cycle

- 78% of air is nitrogen

cycle steps

1. nitrogen fixation-nitrogen to nitrate from nitrogen -fixing bacteria and lightning in plants. use of nitrate - make proteins

2.feeding - consumers consume the plants then dies ,excretes, or deamination ( turn excess proteins into waste product to be excreted )

3. returned in form of ammonia from decomposers which breaks down dead organization

4. formed into nitrates from nitrifying bacteria

5. back to nitrogen from denitrifying bacteria

energy transfer

- sunlight is the source of energy to the producers

90% energy lost per trophic - because of - respiration, movement , excretion, maintain body heat

higher trophic level \= lower energy intake

energy transfer - 1. producer - energy from light ( photosynthesis ) to chemical energy

2. primary consumer -

3. secondary consumer

4. tertiary consumer

Food Chain + Food Web

foodweb - network of interconnected foodchains

trophic level- position of organism in a food chain / foodweb

carnivore - animals that gets energy from eating other animals

omnivore - animals that eats both plants and animals for energy

herbivore - animals that only eats plants for energy

decomposers - organism that gets energy by the breaking down dead organisms

Pyramid of number, biomass and energy

number - number of organisms in each trophic level

biomass- drymass of the organism

energy - energy transferred

advantage and disadvantage of biomass-

++- they are more accurate of the energy transfer

\-- the time of the year effects results , difficult to measure biomass

Population

define it - group of organism of 1 species living in the same area at same time

community - all population of different species in ecosystem

ecosystem - place that contain community of organisms and environment that interacts with each other

Lag phase, Log phase , Stationary phase, Death phase

adaptation , reproduction, limiting factors birth rate \= death rate , change in environment

limiting factors

- food supply

-competition

-disease

Carbon cycle

where do we get carbon

1. respiration - forms Co2 which is released into air

2.combustion of fossil fuels

3. photosynthesis to feeding which moves carbon in form of biological molecule along food chain

4.decomposition of organisms - fossilization