week 4

Architecture is not based upon symbolism or gained knowledge; instead, meaning is conveyed on a non-intellectual or emotional level and directly through the form.

expressionism

4 traits of expressionism

1. dramatic curved or angled forms

2. style over function

3. exploring sculptural possibilities of materials

4. expose structure for dramatic effect

tendency to avoid right angles and boxes and Morphologic transformation between simple geometric shapes are examples of what trait

Dramatic, irregular, curved and/or angular forms

elements are overelaborated / exaggerated for dramatic effect is an example of what trait

Favoring stylistic flourish over simple functional qualities

fluid nature of concrete; adjustable nature of brick and bendable nature of steel; natural curve of tension cables are examples of what trait

Exploiting the sculptural possibilities of materials

emphasis on sculptural possibilities of engineering, not raw elements of the industrial process. Expression THROUGH structure, not just expression OF structure, when structure of cast concrete, highly sculptural. and when steel structure is used, it is shaped (curved, angled) and often hung to heighten the emotional drama are examples of what trait

Elaboration and exposure of structure for dramatic effect, not machine-like qualities

Religious Structures Transport Terminals Sports Arenas Performance Spaces are building types of what style and why

EXPRESSIONISM Spirit / drama

Work is characterized by dynamic and sweeping/dramatic forms, volumes, and structural systems, often achieved by the imaginative use of reinforced concrete. The logic of Brutalism is contrasted here with the emotive power of form

Post-war Expressionism

expressive use of forms that are “organic” – curvilinear, biomorphic, fluid, “natural

Organic Expressionism

repetitive expressive use of a dynamic structural element, usually angular or curvilinear, conveying a sense of motion and force

Structural Expressionism

is good in compression, but relies on reinforcing steel to handle tension. Concrete is extremely efficient in a dome or shell like shape, because it eliminates tensile forces in the concrete. Allows for a thinner, lighter structure.

Concrete

is great in tension; steel cables can support a large amount of weight and span large distances. The natural curve of a cable under gravity is a CATENARY CURVE, and plots as some form of hyperbolic curve.

Steel

Mast and cable system for roofs

Yoyogi National Gymnasium kenzo tange

Catenary roof hung from sloping concrete columns

Eero Saarinen Dulles Airport

16 independent concrete columns With steel radial beams

Palace of Labor Pier Luigi Nervi

Tubular steel triangulated frames, Covered with aluminum panels

US Air Force Academy Cadet Chapel SOM

Concrete roof “draped” across expressive concrete trees like a tent.

Church of the Highway Giovanni Michelucci

Concrete side walls with warped form.

St. Francis de Sales Church Marcel Breuer

Steel ribs covered in meshing and steel skin

Jorn UtzonSydney Opera House

Final skin of glazed ceramic tiles

Jorn UtzonSydney Opera House

Noted for examination and use of organic skeletons of birds, fish, etc.; translated into steel and concrete

Santiago Calatrava

Architect and engineer (has done a lot of bridges)

Santiago Calatrava

operable sunscreen fins cantilever from central spine

Milwaukee Art Museum Santiago Calatrava

Window seats for parliament members contemplation

Scottish Parliament Building EMBT

name the building architect and style

scottish parliament building EMBT expressionism

name the building architect and style

scottish par;iament building EMBT expressionism

name the building architect and style

scottish parliament building EMBT expressionism

name the building architect and style

scottish parliament building EMBT expressionism

name the building architect and style

World Trade Center Transit Hub Santiago Calatrava expressionism

name the building architect and style

Milwaukee Art Museum and Santiago Calatrava expressionism

name the building architect and style

Milwaukee Art Museum and Santiago Calatrava expressionism

name the building architect and style

St. Mary’s Catholic Church Douglas Cardinal expressionism

name the building architect and style

St. Mary’s Catholic Church Douglas Cardinal expressionism

name the building architect and style

St. Mary’s Catholic Church douglas cardinal expressionism

name the building architect and style

Sydney Opera House Jorn Utzon expressionism

name the building architect and style

Sydney Opera House Jorn Utzon expressionism

name the building architect and style

Sydney Opera House Jorn Utzon expressionism

name the building architect and style

Sydney Opera House Jorn Utzon expressionism

name the building architect and style

Sydney Opera House Jorn Utzon expressionism

name the building architect and style

Riola Parish Church alvar alto

name the building architect and style

St. Francis de Sales Church Marcel Breuer expressionism

name the building architect and style

St. John’s Abbey Church Marcel Breuer expressionism

name the building architect and style

St. John’s Abbey Church Marcel Breuer expressionism

name the building architect and style

Church of the Highway Giovanni Michelucci expressionism

name the building architect and style

Church of the Highway Giovanni Michelucci expressionism

name the building architect and style

Church of the Highway Giovanni Michelucci expressionism

name the building architect and style

Church of the Highway Giovanni Michelucci expressionism

name the building architect and style

US Air Force Academy Cadet Chapel SOM expressionism

name the building architect and style

US Air Force Academy Cadet Chapel SOM expressionism

name the building architect and style

US Air Force Academy Cadet Chapel SOM expressionism

name the building architect and style

US Air Force Academy Cadet Chapel SOM expressionism

name the building architect and style

Palace of Labor Pier Luigi Nervi expressionism

name the building architect and style

Palace of Labor Pier Luigi Nervi expressionism

name the building architect and style

Palace of Sport Pier Luigi Nervi expressionism

name the building architect and style

Palace of Sport Pier Luigi Nervi expressionism

name the building architect and style

TWA terminal eero saarinen expressionism

name the building architect and style

TWA terminal eero saarinen expressionism

name the building architect and style

TWA terminal eero saarinen expressionism

name the building architect and style

Dulles airport eero saarinen expressionism

name the building architect and style

Dulles airport eero saarinen expressionism

name the building architect and style

Dulles airport eero saarinen expressionism

name the building architect and style

Munich Olympic Pavilions Frei Otto & Gunther Behnisch expressionism

name the building architect and style

Munich Olympic Pavilions Frei Otto & Gunther Behnisch expressionism

name the building architect and style

Yoyogi National Gymnasium Kenzo Tange expressionism

name the building architect and style

Yoyogi National Gymnasium Kenzo Tange expressionism

name the building architect and style

Yoyogi National Gymnasium Kenzo Tange expressionism

Works of Late Modernism which aspire to impact the civic space with primal form, large size/scale, and clean detailing which de-materializes the small scale in favor of the imposing & enigmatic.

Super-Modernism

5 Traits of Super-Modernism

1. Large scale works of civic impact

2. simple box or prism form

3. Skin/cladding

4. Visual detail minimized to enhance scalar impact

5. ) Structure: Steel frame

structure steel frame

Exposed steel frame, with 4 external beams for uninterrupted space

crow hall mies van der rohe

Concrete hid the structure of the building — something Mies wanted to avoid at all costs so Mies used non-structural bronze-toned I-beams to suggest structure instead.

seagrams building mies van der rohe

cross-shaped columns

new national gallery mies van der rohe

One of the largest architecture firms in the world and Responsible for many of the most iconic Modern skyscrapers of the 20th century

SOM

The first curtain-wall office skyscraper in NYC

Lever House SOM

Steel exoskeleton over glass curtain wall

alcoa building SOM

Spanning super-truss

ArtCenter College of Design craig ellwood

load-bearing perimeter steel columns

World Trade Center Towers Minoru Yamasaki

Isosceles triangle structural and formal grid

East Wing of The National Gallery I M Pei

He is known for his great glass atriums

East Wing of The National Gallery I M Pei

Space-frame triangulated superstructure

Bank of China I M Pei

the incremental tower emerges from a 52-meter cube and diminishes its mass, quadrant by quadrant, until a single triangular prism remains

Bank of China I M Pei

as a series of commissions and primarily competitions for public / civic buildings across the country.

La Grande Projets

an ocular device of striking originality, made up of numerous and variously dimensioned metallic diaphragms set in pierced metal borders. These diaphragms operate like a camera lens to control the sun's penetration into the interior of the building

Arab institute Jean Nouvel

Plinth with four “open book” corner towers

French National Library Dominique Perrault

Glass “open book” towers. Interior book stacks protected by wooden louvers inside

French National Library Dominique Perrault

Glass sides, Carrara marble cladding at arch

Grand Arche de La Defense Paul Andreau

name the building architect and style

Grand Arche de La Defense Paul Andreau Super modernism

name the building architect and style

Grand Arche de La Defense Paul Andreau Super modernism

name the building architect and style

French National Library Dominique Perrault Super modernism

name the building architect and style

French National Library Dominique Perrault Super modernism

name the building architect and style

French National Library Dominique Perrault Super modernism

name the building architect and style

French National Library Dominique Perrault Super modernism

name the building architect and style

French National Library Dominique Perrault Super modernism

name the building architect and style

French National Library Dominique Perrault Super modernism

name the building architect and style

French National Library Dominique Perrault Super modernism

name the building architect and style

Arab institute jean nouvel supermodernism

name the building architect and style

Arab institute jean nouvel supermodernism

name the building architect and style

Arab institute jean nouvel supermodernism

name the building architect and style

The Great Glass Pyramid at The Louvre I. M. Pei super modernism

name the building architect and style

Bank of China Pyramid at The Louvre I. M. Pei super modernism