Dairy Cattle CDE Bank

approximately how many gallons of blood pass through the udder for each gallon of milk produced?

400-500 gallons

what percentage of whole milk is fat when compared on a dry matter basis?

about 25%

all milking equipment must be sanitized:

after each use

wen doing classification scoring, a cow given the numerical value of 85-89.9 is classified as:

very good

a babcock test may be used to measure the \______ % of milk

fat

the breed of dairy cow generally credited with producing the highest % of both milk fat and protein is the:

Jersey

blood vessels that transport blood away from the heart is called:

arteries

what manure waste management method runs manure across a press and squeezes the water out?

solids removal

the portion of the ruminant digestive system which consists of many folds of the tissue is the:

omasum

milking time is best reduced by:

Preparing cows properly

many dairies place brands on their cows necks or feet, with black boxes containing electronic ID, production and management info. these units are called:

transponders

the rumen of a cow is located:

left side of the body

endocrinology is the science of dealing with \___?

hormones

Rotary Parlors or Carousel milk barns have the advantage of being \_____ when compared to other type barns?

faster

Which dairy breed has a restriction for disallowing black markings?

milking shorthorn

a bovine female which has not had a calf is a:

heifer

At how many days can pregnancy be detected by palpation?

between 14 and 35 days

what is another term for the lowest lateral regions of the abdomen, near the groin?

inguinal

what are structural carbohydrates made of?

cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin

what is NAFTA?

North American Free Trade Agreement

dry cows need 0.8 percent K in their diet. what element is K?

potassium

what is the reasonable score for body condition at mid-lactation?

3

Where are structural carbohydrates found in the plant?

in the cell wall

the hormone BST is given to dairy cow:

after 200 days of lactation

Milk with over \_______ somatic cell count cannot legally be shipped in the United States?

400,000

A mutation where a calf is born with a single toe on one or more feet is called

mule foot

when discussing feed mixers, what is the range of manufacturers recommended mixing times?

3-6 minutes

One form of biological pest management is a predator insect, that can be bought and released to help control flies at a dairy. Which of these is NOT true about these predators?

they may be bothersome to livestock and other animals

which body part is located more towards the front of the animal?

flank

what does GnRH stand for?

gonadotropin releasing hormone

What is Milk Fever paresis caused by?

Low blood levels of ionized calcium

when evaluating dairy rations what do the letters NE stand for?

Net energy

what is a cation?

A positively charged ion

Neospora caninum is a major cause of what in pregnant cows?

abortion

the typical lactation curve hows a dairy cow reaching her peak production about \___ days into the lactation cycle

50-70 days

what percent of the cows feed intake is consumed during the daylight hours?

70%

the letters FSIS stand for what?

Food Safety and Inspection Service

Many dairymen "dock" the tail on their cows much to the chagrin of Animals Rights groups. They believe this is necessary to:

reduce the incidence of mastitis

PTAT stands for what?

Predicted Transmitting Ability-Type

Jersey cattle are characterized by having a \________ face:

dished face

Dairy rations, especially those for high producing cows, may be buffered to maintain a desirable rumen pH. The most common buffering agent for this is?

sodium bicarbonate

name the three common places coliforms are found

Mud, water, and manure

high potassium intake will decrease a cows ability to mobilize what?

bone calcium

When reffering to vaccinations, what do the letters MLV stand for?

modified live virus

what does NFO stand for

National Farmers Organization

as a rule of thumb when milk production \___________, the milk fat content \_______________.

decreases, increases

what trait with the only positive genetic correlation to milk production?

dairy character

in what year did the holstein association start its program of recording carriers of undesirable recessive traits?

1957

the standard length of the dry period in dairy cattle is \____?

60 days

when discussing lactation records, what does the term "fat covered milk" mean?

lactation records have been adjusted to the same milk fat percentages

This vitamin plays a role in the coagulation of blood

vitamin k

Dairy Management Inc. introduced the \________ social media program for dairy advocates?

myDairy

98% of somatic cells are:

leukocytes

Where are degradable proteins broken down?

rumen

Allelomimetic behavior is defined as:

The tendency for a group of animals to do the same thing at the same time

protein is a combination of amino acids. the amino acids are unique among compounds involved in nutrition because they contain what element?

nitrogen

what does NSC stand for

Nonstructural Carbohydrates

what hormone is responsible for maintaining pregnancy?

progesterone

According to the NRC, what percent calcium should a dry cow ration contain?

.39%

What is intravenous injection?

It is administered via the blood vessels

a perfect score for a cow according to the dairy cow unified scorecard is:

100

Some Texas dairymen are placing Bermuda and/or corn forage into \________ for fermentation and silage

production

large plastic bags

Milk traits, i.e. fat, protein, SNF, and etc., tend to have a heritability of about

\__________.

20-30%

dairy cows need roughage to concentrate ratio of approximately \_________________ to maintain the desired fat content in the milk.

40/60

a disease causing air bubbles under the skin and usually results in rapid death is \____

black leg

How is a dairy's RHA calculated?

By dividing the total amount of milk produced in the past 365 days by the total number of cow years in the herd last year

The two main problems that effect reproduction are:

heat detection and conception rates

Which hormone produced by the uterus causes regression of the corpus luteum?

PGF

according to recent USDA surveys, what is the most popular age to wean dairy calves?

9 weeks

When using a body condition scoring system of 1 to 5, what does a score of 5 mean?

extremely fat

Quality forage is critical for a cow's milk production. Many people evaluate hay based upon its green

color; others think the color is a poor indication of nutrient composition. However, green colored hay is

generally considered to have a higher \________ content than more bleached out colored forage.

beta-carotene

Fear can disrupt milk letdown in a cow. The hormone released that causes this disruption is:

epinephrine

What state agency regulates waste management?

Texas Commission on Environmental Quality

a free martin is considered a

Sterile heifer born twin to a bull

Dairy Farmers frequently place a stomach magnet into their cows to:

prevent ingested metal objects from interfering with the digestive tract or the respiratory system

which of the following is a compartment of the dairy cows stomach

abomasum

normal presentation of a calf for parturition will have:

front feet toward the rear of the cow with head, nose first, between them

what is the average production lifetime of a dairy cow?

3 years

What is the most abundant mineral in the body?

Calcuim

what numerical value does a holstein cow get when given the classification good?

75-79.9

what is a TMR to a dairy person?

Total Mixed Ration

Cattle grazing stressed on wilted hybrid sorghum/Johnson grass type pasture, may die as a result of

prussic acid poisoning

What percent of milk is water?

87%

what is the scientific term for birth?

parturition

What is the sex chromosome configuration of a male calf?

XY

how many days into a pregnancy can a fetus be sexed by ultrasound?

after 55 days

which one of the following is the name of the part of the cows back that lies between the withers and the loin?

chine

A dairy cow that has all 8 permanent incisor teeth can be considered to be a minimum of \________ old.

4 years

How often will HACCP inspect each Dairy Farm?

A minimum of every 6 months

Which dairy breed originated in the central part of the European continent?

brown swiss

One ejaculation from a bull typically contains \________ sperm

5,000,000

Bulk tanks must be emptied and cleaned every \__ hours?

48

the 2 US dairy breeds that originated in the channel islands off the coast of france are:

guernsey and jersey

the hormone \______ stimulates milk let down and may be administered via injection, when necessary after parturition

oxytocin

a dairy expects to cull approximately \______% of their herd each year

25-30

What kinds of relationship do cattle and the microorganisms in their rumen share?

symbiotic