YH02 sanasto

BKT

GDP (Gross Domestic Product)

Työttömyys

Unemployment

Inflaatio

Inflation

Talouskasvu

Economic growth

Talouspolitiikka

Economic policy

Verotus

Taxation

Julkinen talous

Public finances (valtio, kunta, hyvinvointialueet)

Kansantalous

National economy

Talouskriisi

Economic crisis

Taloustiede

Economics

Markkinatalous

Market economy

Kestävä kehitys

Sustainable development

Talousennuste

Economic forecast

Talousuutiset

Economic news

Taloushallinto

Financial management

Talousarvio

Budget

Talouskehitys

Economic development

Talousjärjestelmä

Economic system

Talousvaihtelu

Economic fluctuations

Taloushistoria

Economic history

Kotitalous

home economics, household.

sijoittaminen

investing (substantiivi)

sijoittaa

to invest (verbi)

taloudellinen

financial, economic.

tuottavuus

(sub) productivity

tuottaa

(verb) to produce

valuutta

currency

korko

interest

olettaa

(verb) predicate.

olettamus, oletus

(sub) presumption.

tulla toimeen

to get along, to manage.

toimeentulo

livelihood, subsistence

tarvita

(verb)to need, to require

tave

(sub)

rajallinen

limited, finite

rajaton

unlimited, boundless

tarvehierarkia

hierarchy of needs (It refers to a concept developed by psychologist Abraham Maslow, known as Maslow's hierarchy of needs. The hierarchy of needs is a theory that suggests humans have a set of hierarchical needs that must be fulfilled in a specific order. The needs are typically represented in a pyramid structure, with the most fundamental physiological needs at the base, followed by safety, love and belonging, esteem, and self-actualization at the top. According to this theory, individuals strive to meet their basic needs before pursuing higher-level needs.)

turha

unnecessary, pointless

tarpeellinen

necessary, essential

luontoliitto

Finnish Nature League, Finnish Association for Nature Conservation. (It is an environmental organization in Finland that focuses on nature conservation, environmental education, and promoting sustainable lifestyles. Luontoliitto works to protect and preserve Finnish nature, raise awareness about environmental issues, and advocate for sustainable policies and practices.)

kuluttaa

to consume, to use up

kulutus

consumption. (It refers to the act or process of using resources, goods, or services for personal or commercial purposes. It encompasses various forms of consumption, such as the purchase and use of products, utilizetion of resources like energy or water, or the overall expenditure of resources in an economy.)

niukkuus

scarcity, shortage

mainostaa

to advertise, to promote

mainos

advertisement, commercial.

mainonta

advertising, marketing

resurssit

resources

käyrä

diagram

tuotanto

production, manufacturing

tuote

product

tuottavuus

productivity

niukka

scarce, limited

niukkuus

scarcity, shortage

reaalipääoma: koneet, laitteet, tentaat jne. 

real capital (It refers to the tangible assets or physical capital used in production, such as buildings, machinery, equipment, and infrastructure. Real capital is distinct from financial capital, which includes money, stocks, and other financial instruments. Reaalipääoma plays a crucial role in the production process as it represents the physical resources and means of production that contribute to economic output and productivity.)

työvoima:työntekijät

workforce

raaka-aineet:materiaalit

raw materials

työttömyys, työvoimapula

labor shortage.

hyöty:etu, plussa

benefit, utility.

menot

expenses, expenditures.

tulot

income, earnings

leikata

to cut, to trim

leikkaus

surgery, operation

valtio, varain, ministeriö 

state, government

taloustiede

(ala) economics

taloustieteilijä

(henkilö) economist

talousjärjestelmä

(järjestelmä, systeemi) economic system

markkinatalous

(vapaampi) market economy (It is an economic system in which the allocation of resources and the production and distribution of goods and services are primarily determined by the interactions of supply and demand in competitive markets. In a market economy, individuals and businesses are free to make economic decisions based on their own self-interest, and prices are determined through the forces of supply and demand. The role of government in a market economy is generally limited to maintaining the legal and regulatory framework, ensuring competition, and addressing market failures. Market economies are characterized by private ownership of resources and a decentralized decision-making process.)

kapitalismi

capitalism (It is an economic and social system characterized by private ownership of resources and means of production, the pursuit of profit, and the market-driven allocation of goods and services. In a capitalist system, individuals, businesses, and organizations engage in economic activities with the aim of generating wealth and accumulating capital. Capitalism is often associated with free markets, competition, and entrepreneurship. It allows for the exchange of goods and services through voluntary transactions, and prices are determined by supply and demand. Capitalism also recognizes the importance of individual initiative, private property rights, and the potential for innovation and economic growth. However, it is worth noting that capitalism can take on various forms and may be influenced by different degrees of government intervention and regulation in different countries and contexts.)

suunnitelmatalous (enemmän säätelyä) 

planned economy (It refers to an economic system in which the allocation of resources, production, and distribution of goods and services are centrally planned and controlled by a central authority, typically the government. In a planned economy, the government sets production targets, determines resource allocation, and regulates prices and wages. Decisions regarding production, consumption, and investment are made based on a predetermined economic plan rather than through the interactions of supply and demand in a market. Planned economies aim to achieve specific economic and social goals, such as equitable distribution of resources, social welfare, and industrial development. However, the effectiveness of planned economies has been a subject of debate, with concerns raised about inefficiency, lack of incentives, and limited innovation.)

tulkinta

interpretation

kärsivällinen

patient, composed.

määrä

quantity

hinta

cost, price

kysyntä

demand

tarjonta

supply

Hintajärjestelmä

Price system

korvaava

substitutive, compensatory, surrogate.

inflaatio

inflation

rahan arvo

value of money

heikentyy

weakens

Eritellä

analyse, classify, categorize, specify, itemize, allocate.

vapaa-ajan asunto (kesämökki)

holiday home, vacation home

välttämättömyys

necessity, essentialness, must-have, compulsion.

hyödyke

good, commodity, utility, ware.

Hyödyttää = antaa hyötyä. 

benefit, be advantageous

hyödyntää = käyttää hyödyksi

utilize, make use of

hyötyä = saada hyötyä

benefit, gain

hyöty >

benefit >

Oligopoli

Oligopoly

kartelli

Cartel

monopoli

monopoly

Vapaakauppa

Free trade

Miksi vapaakauppa on hyvä asia?

\-

Erikoistuminen

polyethism, specialization

Kun yritys keskittyy tuottamaan asioita, joiden tuottamisessa sillä on suhteellinen etu, tuottavuus kasvaa

When a company focuses on producing goods or services in which it has a comparative advantage, productivity increases.

Hyötyä + mistä: Suomi hyötyy EU:N sisämarkkinoista.

Finland benefits from the EU internal market.

Huoltovarmuus

security of maintenance.

Olla riippuvainen + mistä: Saksa on ollut riippuvainen Venäjän kaasusta. 

Germany has been dependent on Russian gas.

Suomi on pieni markkina-alue ja pieni kansantalous.

Finland is a small market area and a small national economy.

Erikoistuminen ja vapaakauppa antavat hyötyä.

Specialization and free trade provide benefits.