Concepts of Science Test 2 Quiz/RC Questions

Which of the following is not a vitamin?

Vitamin F

Which of the following would qualify as a mineral?

Calcium

Which of the following is not a general class of molecules involved in most of the chemical processes in living things?

Ketones

Which of the following is not a primary function of protein in life processes?

Form cell membranes

Excluding any side groups, how many carbon atoms are there in an amino acid attachment?

2

How many different amino acids are used in the production of proteins within cells.

20

Considering primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structures, we find that protein molecules tend to be:

three-dimensional

If we wish to make a protein with only three amino acids then, picking from the 20 amino acids formed in cells, how many proteins could we make?

8000

By speeding up the process of the rusting of iron, water is acting analogously to that of which of the following?

an enzyme.

Of the 20 amino acids the human body uses to produce proteins,

the body is capable of producing 12 of them and must ingest the other 8.

Within mitochondria—the cellular energy factor—we see what class of cellular molecule used to create ATP?

Carbohydrate

The outer covering of a vesicle comes from:

molecules that make up the cell membrane.

What connects plant cells to each other?

A cell wall

What process allows viruses to gain entry intocells?

Entry through a receptor

Where do yellow algae store their DNA?

In the cytoplasm

What is an organelle?

A significant cellular substructure

Which of the following accurately describes a cell with chloroplasts?

A autotrophic cell

The cytoskeleton carries out the following functions, except:

reproduction.

An important molecule in the production of energy at the cellular level is:

ATP.

Which of the following is a molecule that results after a cellular reaction has produced energy?

ADP.

What wavelength of light does chlorophyll use?

Some wavelengths of visible light

A green-leafed plant appears green to the human eye because:

the leaf absorbs all visible light except those in the green part of the spectrum.

The presence of oxygen does what to a reaction?

Removes more energy from the products

What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis?

Mitosis involves nearly any kind of cell, whereas meiosis involves strictly cells related to reproduction.

Life, like many structures, is based on which of the following?

Interaction among and repetition of a relatively few number of molecules

The percentage of hydrogen atoms in the body is 61.2%, the percentage of oxygen is 23.5% and the percentage of carbon is 11.7%. Oxygen weighs about 16 times as much as hydrogen and carbon weighs about 12 times as much as hydrogen. Which of the following correctly lists the elements in the decreasing order of mass percent in the body?

Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen

In order to determine why one molecule will interact with another molecule but not necessarily with a third different molecule, we need to know:

  

a) which parts of the molecules can undergo a chemical interaction.

 

b) which parts of the molecules can approach each other.

  

c) if those molecules are in an environment in which they can interact with each other.

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ALL OF THESE

If two species that were thought previously to be distinct mate and produce viable offspring, what can we say about these two?

They are in fact mostly—but not fully—distinct species.

The Linnaean name of the Bald Eagle is *Haliaeetus leucocephalus*. To what genus does the Bald Eagle belong?

Haliaeetus

A conifer would fall into which of the following kingdoms?

Plants

Which of the following is not one of the broad classifications under the relatively recently proposed domains of life?

Protista

Which of the following would most likely be the most closely related species?

Two different species within the same family

The rate at which species are being discovered nowadays compared to the mid-19th Century is:

smaller

A heterotrophic cell differs from an autotrophic cell in that a heterotrophic cell:

needs to metabolize complex organic molecules.

Which of the following is not a fungus?

Algae

Plants are distinguished from the members in the other kingdoms by which of the following?

Performing photosynthesis

A tree with flowers is a (an):

angiosperm.

The number of different phyla in the animal kingdom is at least:

30

Animals differ from plants in which of the following ways?

Animals do not perform photosynthesis.

The most common type of animal on Earth is a (an):

arthropod.

The smallest identifiable unit capable of carrying on the basic tasks that we associate with living things is known as which of the following?

Cell

Which of the following shape characteristics allows us to identify a nerve cell?

Variously shaped with an often complicated-looking set of filaments.

Which of the following does NOT causes autotrophic cells to consume energy?

Respiration

Which of the following is NOT one of the basic tenets of cell theory?

Bioenergetic processes are due to the action of cells.

Which of the following is a legitimate conclusion based on the three tenets of cell theory?

Only life can give rise to life.

To resolve sharper microscopic details, you need shorter wavelengths. Which of the following is the most likely reason as to why microscopes used in cell biology can not employ ultraviolet light?

Ultraviolet light tends to sterilize life.

The structure in the cell that separates the cell from the outside world is known as the:

membrane.

An air mass is which of the following?

A volume of air exhibiting similar physical characteristics throughout

Which of the following is not a variable used to describe the weather in an area?

Dust and soot

Wind patterns in the world tend to be like which of the following?

Winds are arranged in bands running east to west.

If the Earth were much larger and rotated much faster, but still had an atmosphere like the present, what would be the main difference in wind patterns versus today?

More convection cells

The El Niño weather pattern occurs when which of the following happens?

Trade winds are replaced by westerly-like winds.

What is the classification for a rock that formed from cooling of magma?

Intrusive Igneous

The compacted and cemented aggregate of finely broken grains of igneous rock is:

Sedimentary

A rock that spends a few million years as liquid within the upper mantle before returning to the Earth’s crust to crystallize will likely be classified as:

Extrusive Igneous

Biology is the branch of science devoted to the study of which of the following?

All living things

A question like, “How do cells differentiate during the development of this organism?” is an example of a question dealing with which of the following?

A reductionist, microscopic approach

Which of the following is guaranteed to be a sole characteristic of life?

Order and complexity

Perhaps 99% or more of the Earth’s fresh water is stored in:

aquifers

In the hydrological cycle, water percolates into the ground everyday and from streams and rivers water goes straight to the ocean. The ocean receives millions of cubic meters of water each day from aquifers, streams, and rivers. However, a few hundred million cubic meters of water that goes into the ground does not go into the ocean. Where does it go?

The missing water resides in the ground for a long time, but eventually seeps out.

Of all the water on Earth, ______ percent is salty and ______ percent is available for human use.

97\.5; 1

Which of the following is a plausible reason why saltiness of the sea is due to the presence of sodium ions and chlorine ions and not because of other types of ions?

Other elements that can make up salts have shorter residence times.

Aluminum has an oceanic residence time of 100 years. Compared to elements like sodium, chlorine, and potassium, this residence time is which of the following?

Very short

Over long periods of time, for instance over the next 100 million years, the ocean will probably:

remain the same in saltiness.

If the variation in temperature throughout the year at a particular location on the Earth’s surface is relatively small, then which of the following is most likely true?

The Earth’s orbit is not very elliptical, and is more nearly circular.

Which of the following is NOT a potential component in the Milankovitch cycle?

Changing of Earth’s rotation rate

At present, the precession of Earth’s axis lasts approximately how long?

23,000 years

The most effective known way for an atmosphere to acquire a significant amount of oxygen is which of the following?

Photosynthesis

The Cassini spacecraft is currently taking data and images while orbiting the planet:

Saturn

Using a landing probe, we have studied the atmosphere and surface of the Saturnian moon Titan because it is a natural laboratory of the early Earth chemistry regarding:

Methane

Current thinking holds that Pluto is:

the first large object in the Kuiper Belt.

Which of the following is considered as evidence for the existence of the Oort Cloud?

Comets have been observed with orbits that would take them out into the Oort Cloud.

Extrasolar planets were predominantly discovered by examining which of the following?

The fluctuations in the frequency of light emitted by the star

The Earth’s major cycles are predominantly driven by which of the following?

The tendency of heat to diffuse

Earth loses a small amount of water each year due to what process?

Ultraviolet solar radiation causing breakup of water molecules in the upper atmosphere

The second largest reservoir of water near the Earth’s surface is which of the following?

Ice caps and glaciers

Most of the large objects in the solar system would be rotating in which direction?

Clockwise

The distribution of mass in the Solar System is:

concentrated at the center of the Solar System.

Venus is categorized as which one of the following types of planets?

Terrestrial

Jupiter is made up mainly of:

light gases

Excluding the Sun, most of the mass in the Solar System is situated:

beyond Earth’s orbit.

Which of the following is true about Jovian planets?

They have shorter days than terrestrial planets.

Compared to the volume of the nebula from which our solar system was formed, the total volume of the material in the Solar System occupies:

much less space than the nebula did.

As a nebular cloud collapses into a planetary system, mass is:

mostly contained in the center of the cloud.

At the center of a typical Jovian planet we expect to find which of the following?

A core like the core of a terrestrial planet

Computer simulations of the early solar system indicates that the nebular disk rapidly broke up into what class of early solar system objects?

Planetesimals

Which of the following parts of a typical planet would we expect to have the lowest density?

Crust

Earth’s original atmosphere most likely:

was blown off the Earth by the Sun.

When a uranium-235 nucleus undergoes fission, what can we say about the masses of the daughter particles?

The combined mass of the daughter particles is less than the mass of the uranium nucleus

Nuclear fusion occurs where:

two nuclei are combined into one nucleus

Which of the following is NOT something that both fission and fusion have in common?

Both require extremely high temperature in order to become effective.

When radon-220 nucleus emits a gamma ray, what nucleus remains?

Radon-220

Which of the following reasons best explains why only the larger atomic nuclei undergo alpha decay?

In large nuclei, some protons have a net repulsive force with other protons; alpha decay makes the nucleus smaller, increasing their chance of having a net attractive force.

The force binding protons and neutrons together in the nucleus of atoms is:

the strong force

If an atom has 17 protons and an electrical charge of -1, what is the chemical identity of this ion and how many electrons does it presently have?

Chlorine; 18

An atom has a nucleus containing 26 protons and 30 neutrons. What is the isotope and what is its atomic mass?

Iron-56; 56

When uranium-234 undergoes alpha decay, what particles are created?

A thorium-230 nucleus and a helium-4 nucleus

When a carbon-14 nucleus undergoes beta decay, the nucleus left behind is:

nitrogen-14

Before Aubie, saber-toothed tigers roamed the plains of Alabama. If a preserved specimen contains 12.5% of its original 14C, how old is it?

17,100

Nuclear fusion occurs where:

two nuclei are combined into one nucleus.