Lecture 9. Equine specifics

Does NOT include practice problems!

2-2.5

A horse will only eat ____% (*range*) of its BW daily.

1000

_________ calories = kcal or Calorie

is

When denoting a kcal as a Calorie, (IS/ISN’T) important to denote the capital C.

1000000

____________ calories = Mcal

Mcal

1000000 calories =

Mcal

Maintenance for a 1000lb horse is 16.4 ___ per day

16\.4

Maintenance for a 1000lb horse is ____ Mcal per day

16400000

16\.4 Mcal is ___________ calories

Mcal

DE(______)=0.03 x BW(kg)+1.4

DE

____(Mcal)=0.03 x BW(kg)+1.4

0\.03

DE(Mcal)=_____ x BW(kg)+1.4

kg

DE(Mcal)=0.03 x BW(__)+1.4

BW

DE(Mcal)=0.03 x __(kg)+1.4

1\.4

DE(Mcal)=0.03 x BW(kg)+ ___

25

Energy requirements increase with work load.

Low intensity work requires a _______% increase in DE.

50

Energy requirements increase with work load.

Moderate intensity work requires a _______% increase in DE.

75

Energy requirements increase with work load.

High intensity work requires a _______% increase in DE.

100

Energy requirements increase with work load.

Ultra-high intensity work requires a _______% increase in DE.

25

Low intensity work requirements require a _____% increase in DE above maintenance. This can be calculated by (M + .25M)

M

Low intensity work requirements require a 25% increase in DE above maintenance. This can be calculated by (__ + .25M)

.25M

Low intensity work requirements require a 25% increase in DE above maintenance. This can be calculated by (M + _______)

25

Breeding stallions require an additional _____% energy.

3rd

Energy requirements in broodmares increases during the (1ST/2ND/3RD) trimester

10

A 9 month pregnant horse needs an additional __% caloric intake.

13

A 10 month pregnant horse needs an additional __% caloric intake.

20

An 11 month pregnant horse needs an additional __% caloric intake.

44

A lactating mare needs an additional ___% energy

water

A mare’s milk is 90% _________.

grain

Because horses can only consume 2-2.5% of their BW in dry feed, increasing the _______ ratio can meet energy requirements.

range

At least _______% (*range*) of feed weight should still be good quality roughage, even when supplementing ultra-high intensity working horses.

3-4

1 cup of oil replaces ____ *(range)* cups of concentrate

5-10

1 cup of oil replaces ____ *(range)* lbs grass hay

humans

The ideal ratio of oil is less than 10:1 in (HORSES/HUMANS)

false

(TRUE/FALSE) The ideal ratio of oil is less than 10:1 in horses

true

(TRUE/FALSE) The ideal ratio of oil is unknown for horses

2-3

Horses need ___ *(range)* months to adapt to using fat as an energy source.

fat

Horses need 2-3 months to adapt to using ____ as an energy source.

3-4

Breaking feeding up into at least _____*(range)* meals throughout the day

* more closely mimics grazing
* limits boredom

grazing

Breaking feeding up into at least 3-4 meals throughout the day

* more closely mimics ________
* limits boredom

boredom

Breaking feeding up into at least 3-4 meals throughout the day

* more closely mimics grazing
* limits __________

mineral salt

_________ _______ supplements help replace the Na+, Cl-, K+, and Mg+ lost in sweat.

Na

Mineral salt supplements help replace the __+, Cl-, K+, and Mg+ lost in sweat.

Cl

Mineral salt supplements help replace the Na+, __-, K+, and Mg+ lost in sweat.

K

Mineral salt supplements help replace the Na+, Cl-, __+, and Mg+ lost in sweat.

Mg

Mineral salt supplements help replace the Na+, Cl-, K+, and __+ lost in sweat.

sweat

Mineral salt supplements help replace the Na+, Cl-, K+, and Mg+ lost in ______.

fiber

There is some evidence that horses on low _____ diets have a low hindgut weight, making them perform better.

hindgut

There is some evidence that horses on low fiber diets have a low __________ weight, making them perform better.

better

There is some evidence that horses on low fiber diets have a low hindgut weight, making them perform ________.

aged

It is especially important to maintain an adequate BCS in ________ horses prior to winter.

decrease

Protein, fiber, and phosphorous digestion and absorption (DECREASE/INCREASE) with age.

age

Protein, fiber, and phosphorous digestion and absorption decrease with _______.

protein

__________, fiber, and phosphorous digestion and absorption decrease with age.

fiber

Protein, _________, and phosphorous digestion and absorption decrease with age.

phosphorous

Protein, fiber, and ______________ digestion and absorption decrease with age.

dental issues

Common concerns (contributing to nutritional deficits) for aged horses

* ________ ________
* long term effects of parasitism
* arthritic conditions

parasitism

Common concerns (contributing to nutritional deficits) for aged horses

* dental issues
* long term effects of ____________
* arthritic conditions

arthritic

Common concerns (contributing to nutritional deficits) for aged horses

* dental issues
* long term effects of parasitism
* ___________ conditions

aged

Horse diet recommendations - _______ horses

* very palatable
* easily digested
* easily masticated
* potentially increase fat
* remove competition

palatable

Horse diet recommendations - aged horses

* very ______________
* easily digested
* easily masticated
* potentially increase fat
* remove competition

digested

Horse diet recommendations - aged horses

* very palatable
* easily ____________
* easily masticated
* potentially increase fat
* remove competition

masticated

Horse diet recommendations - aged horses

* very palatable
* easily digested
* easily ___________
* potentially increase fat
* remove competition

fat

Horse diet recommendations - aged horses

* very palatable
* easily digested
* easily masticated
* potentially increase ___
* remove competition

competition

Horse diet recommendations - aged horses

* very palatable
* easily digested
* easily masticated
* potentially increase fat
* remove ____________

true

(TRUE/FALSE): There are a number of hay products available to add roughage without strain for aged horses.

false

(TRUE/FALSE): There are a number of calorie supplements, but very few hay products available to add roughage for aged horses.

refeeding syndrome

Starved horses run the risk of suffering ________ _________ if fed too much too quickly.

protein

Emaciated horses have used up their fat stores, instead metabolizing __________ to use as energy.

starvation

Chronic ______________ results in

* Decreased glucose
* Decreased insulin
* Decreased P, K, Mg, Vit B1
* Ketone adapted tissue metabolism

glucose

Chronic starvation results in

* Decreased _________
* Decreased insulin
* Decreased P, K, Mg, Vit B1
* Ketone adapted tissue metabolism

insulin

Chronic starvation results in

* Decreased glucose
* Decreased __________
* Decreased P, K, Mg, Vit B1
* Ketone adapted tissue metabolism

P

Chronic starvation results in

* Decreased glucose
* Decreased insulin
* Decreased __, K, Mg, Vit B1
* Ketone adapted tissue metabolism

K

Chronic starvation results in

* Decreased glucose
* Decreased insulin
* Decreased P, __, Mg, Vit B1
* Ketone adapted tissue metabolism

Mg

Chronic starvation results in

* Decreased glucose
* Decreased insulin
* Decreased P, K, ___, Vit B1
* Ketone adapted tissue metabolism

B1

Chronic starvation results in

* Decreased glucose
* Decreased insulin
* Decreased P, K, Mg, Vit ___
* Ketone adapted tissue metabolism

ketone adapted

Chronic starvation results in

* Decreased glucose
* Decreased insulin
* Decreased P, K, Mg, Vit B1
* _______ _______ tissue metabolism

tissue metabolism

Chronic starvation results in

* Decreased glucose
* Decreased insulin
* Decreased P, K, Mg, Vit B1
* Ketone adapted _________ _________

glycemic

Rapid introduction of a high _________ diet in a chronically starved individual results in edema, cardiac and respiratory dysfunction, and death.

edema

Rapid introduction of a high glycemic diet in a chronically starved individual results in ______, cardiac and respiratory dysfunction, and death.

cardiac

Rapid introduction of a high glycemic diet in a chronically starved individual results in edema, _______ and respiratory dysfunction, and death.

respiratory

Rapid introduction of a high glycemic diet in a chronically starved individual results in edema, cardiac and __________ dysfunction, and death.

death

Rapid introduction of a high glycemic diet in a chronically starved individual results in edema, cardiac and respiratory dysfunction, and __________.

glycemic index

Starved horses should be started on a low _________ _______ diet.

roughage

Starved horses should be started on a ___________ only diet.

50-75

Starved horses should be started at ________% *(range)* of maintenance based on their current BW.

current

Starved horses should be started at 50-75% of maintenance based on their (CURRENT/GOAL) BW.

10

Starved horses should be brough up to maintenance over at least ___ days.

125

After starved horses have been eased up to maintenance, their diet can be gradually increased to ____% of maintenance.

concentrate

After 10-14 days of feeding starved horses 125% maintenance, gradually introduce _____________.

dental

Starved horses often come with other abuse/neglect related issues

* _________ issues
* hoof care
* underlying disease

hoof

Starved horses often come with other abuse/neglect related issues

* dental issues
* _____ care
* underlying disease

disease

Starved horses often come with other abuse/neglect related issues

* dental issues
* hoof care
* underlying ________

nutrient drains

When working with starved horses, it’s important to carefully address __________ ________ by utilizing

* dewormer
* blankets for warmth
* stable to reduce exercise

dewormer

When working with starved horses, it’s important to carefully address nutrient drains by utilizing

* __________
* blankets for warmth
* stable to reduce exercise

blankets

When working with starved horses, it’s important to carefully address nutrient drains by utilizing

* dewormer
* _________ for warmth
* stable to reduce exercise

exercise

When working with starved horses, it’s important to carefully address nutrient drains by utilizing

* dewormer
* blankets for warmth
* stable to reduce _________

false

(TRUE/FALSE): Because horses can only eat 2-2.5% of their BW a day, it’s safe to put starved horses on pasture.

adult

Equine metabolic syndrome is a common endocrine disease of (YOUNG/ADULT/AGED) horses.

equine metabolic syndrome

_________ ________ ______ is a common endocrine disease of adult horses.

EMS

Common signs of _____ (abbreviation) are

* obesity
* being an easy keeper
* intermittent laminitis