Biology Semester 1 Final (copy)

Chapter 18, 19, 2, 3, 4, quizzes

____ is a critical abiotic factor that contributes to plant growth in savanna ecosystems

Fire

Which is a community?

• All organisms living in your garden

• All of the organisms in your garden with soil and rocks

• All abiotic factors determining health of your garden

• All garden snails living in your garden

All organisms living in your garden

Most of the temperate grassland in North America has been converted to...

Farmland

In what part of the ocean are phytoplankton found?

Pelagic realm

What is one important difference between savannas and temperate grasslands?

Temperate grasslands are mostly treeless

An effect of deforestation has been to...

increase the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

What name is given to the region where ocean meets land?

Intertidal zone

What can moderate climate by absorbing heat when the air is warm and releasing heat when the air is cold?

Oceans and lakes

What name is given to the seafloor?

Benthic realm

In the oceans, global warming has...

made the water more acidic

What are estuaries?

Transition areas between a river and the ocean

Which nutrients often limit the distribution and abundance of photosynthetic organisms?

Nitrogen and phosphorus

The greenhouse effect causes an increase in global temperatures. This increase is due primarily to...

Carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases slowing the escape of heat from the Earth

Which ecosystems support life in the absence of sunlight?

Hydrothermal vent habitats

In suburban areas with a high density of humans, it is necessary to have a well-functioning wastewater treatment system. If engineers wanted to create a wastewater treatment system that takes advantage of natural resources, they should consider incorporating ______ into their plan

Wetlands

Temperature increases due to global warming have been greatest...

Close to the poles

Which biome is characterized by permafrost?

Tundra

Water moves from land to the atmosphere through...

Transpiration and evaporation

Long, snowy winters as well as evergreen trees such as pine and fir are found in...

Coniferous forests

All but one of these are causes for increasing carbon dioxide levels. Choose the EXCEPTION.

• A production of manufactured goods

• Transportation

• Home energy use

• Creating compost piles from vegetable waste

Creating compost piles from vegetable waste

In an ideal, unlimited environment, what shape does a population's growth curve most closely resemble?

J

What is a characteristic of Type I survivorship curves?

Most individuals survive to older age intervals

Most crop pests...

Have an opportunistic life history

Kudzu, an Asian vine introduced to the United States in the 1930s as a means to control erosion, is referred to as "the plant that ate the South" because it grows alarmingly fast and overtakes most plant species in its path. A recent and unusual way that some people are using to control Kudzu growth is to allow goats to graze their land and eat the Kudzu, roots and all. This is considered by some to be the most environment-friendly way to eliminate this invasive vine. How can we best describe the goats in this situation?

A biological control agent

In most developed countries, overall population growth rates...

are near zero, so the population size is fairly stable

If there are 500 oak trees in a forest covering 50 square kilometers, then the population density is...

10 trees per square kilometer

What will be the approximate shape of the age-structure diagram of a rapidly increasing population?

a pyramid

If a population's growth rate decreases as the population size approaches carry capacity, the population's growth follows a(n) ______ model

logistic

Over time, the populations of most species...

fluctuate

The red-cockaded woodpecker, an endangered species, is dependent upon ___ for maintenance of its source habitat.

fire

The use of Indian mongoose to control rat populations...

became a disaster when the mongoose turned out to be as invasive as its target

In an ideal, unlimited environment, a population's growth follows a(n) _____ model

exponential

Which is an example of a population?

• A group of three species of lions that live in the same general area of a prairie at the same time

• A group of lions of a single species that live in the same general area of a prairie at the same time

• A group of lions of a single species that live in the same general area of a prairie at different times

• A group of three species of lions lives in the same general area of a prairie at different times

A group of lions of a single species that live in the same general area of a prairie at the same time

Throughout most of human history, human population size...

grew very slowly

Which option best describes Type II survivorship curves?

• Most individuals survive to older age intervals

• Survivorship is high for the few individuals that survive to a certain age

• There is high survivorship for the very young

• Survivorship is constant over the lifespan

Survivorship is constant over the lifespan

During the Pleistocene era, many large mammal species went extinct. Their permanent disappearance occurred in a short period of time when humans were expanding across North America. In this situation, how do many scientists view humans?

As an invasive species

Species that exhibit an equilibrial life history typically...

have long lives

In a population that is following a logistic growth pattern, what shape does the population's growth curve most closely resemble?

S

Which of these factors operates on populations in a density-dependent manner?

• blizzard

• flood

• volcanic eruption

• food supply

food supply

Integrated pest management...

advocates mixed-species plantings and rotating cropsm

Which option best describes Type III survivorship curves?

• Most individuals survive to older age intervals

• Survivorship is constant over the lifespan

• Survivorship is low for the few individuals that survive to a certain age

• There is low survivorship for the very young

There is low survivorship for the very young

According to the logistic growth model, what happens to a population when the size of the population reaches carrying capacity?

The growth rate is zero

_____ are an example of an invasive species.

Burmese pythons

Suppose a plane is forced to make an emergency landing on a desert island. The passengers must use the resources in their new environment to survive. The number of people who can survive depends on the availability of these resources. This is an example of...

Carrying capacity

When forest areas are clear-cut for timber, spaces previously filled with trees become open areas that have full access to sunlight. Which plant populations would be best suited for this newly generated environment?

Those that produce many offspring

How can radiation be controlled and safely used in medicine?

Apply radiation to specific parts of the body at controlled doses

An uncharged atom of mercury has an atomic number of 80 and an atomic mass of 200. This atom has ____ protons, ____ neutrons, and ____ electrons.

80; 120; 80

How do radioactive isotopes differ from isotopes

Radioactive isotopes are unstable; isotopes are stable

All atoms of an element have the same number of...

protons

What name is given to substances that resist changes in pH?

buffers

The hydrogen and oxygen atoms of a water molecule are held together by _____ bonds.

covalent

Human body cells are approximately _____ water.

70-95%

Adjacent water molecules interact with one another via ____ bonds.

hydrogen

How many oxygen atoms are in the products of the following reaction?
C6H12O6 + 6H2O → 6CO2 + 12H2O

24

Which of the following is an acid?

• CH4 -NaOH -HCl

• NaCl

HCl

Isotopes of an element have the same number of _____ and different numbers of _____.

protons; neutrons

The way Earth moves about the sun is most like...

An electron moving around the nucleus of an atom

As water freezes,...

its molecules move farther apart

The lower the pH of a solution, the...

more acidic the solution

Adjacent water molecules interact through the...

electrical attraction between the hydrogen of one water molecule and the oxygen of another water molecule

Consider the following reaction. What type of bond is holding the two atoms together?
K+Br → (K+)+(Br-)→KBr

ionic

Sugar dissolves when stirred into coffee. The coffee is the _____, the sugar is the _____, and the sweetened coffee is the ______.

solvent; solute; solution

An atom has 20 protons, 20 neutrons, and 20 electrons. What atom is being described?

Calcium (atomic number 20)

What name is given to bonds that involve the sharing of electrons?

covalent

An atom's _____ are found in its nucleus.

neutrons and protons

Radiometric dating is based on...

The decay of radioactive isotopes

The bond between oppositely charged ions is a(n) ____ bond

ionic

What is the outcome of evaporative cooling in the form of sweating?

a decrease in body temperature

The tendency of molecules of the same kind to stick together is called...

cohesion

Which of the following elements is a trace element in the human body?

Cobalt

Saturated fats are saturated with...

hydrogen

Table sugar is...

sucrose, a disaccharide

Compare isomers

Molecules with the same molecular formula but different structures, shapes, arrangements, and properties.

What are the base pairs of DNA?

DNA: Adenine and Thymine; Guanine and Cytosine

What is the genetic basis for lactose intolerance in humans?

A change in the nucleotide sequence outside of the lactase gene

DNA nucleotides include...

Thymine, guanine, adenine, and cytosine

What name is given to this reaction: galactose + glucose → lactose + water

Dehydration

Cellulose is an example of a...

Polysaccharide

How does RNA differ from DNA?

RNA contains uracil; DNA contains thymine

Enzymes are...

proteins

What is the name given to the reaction that breaks peptide bonds?

hydrolysis

Which molecules listed below are isomers?

• lactose and maltose

• glucose and fructose

• glucose and sucrose

• sucrose and glucose

glucose and fructose

A protein's function is dependent on environmental factors such as pH and temperature. What property of the protein itself dictates a protein's function?

Shape

Complete the equation:
monosaccharide + monosaccharide →______ + water

disaccharide

A friend of yours appears to have put on a lot of muscle very quickly. At the same time, you notice that your friend seems to have a lot of mood swings and appears depressed. It is reasonable for you to suspect that your friend has begun to take...

Anabolic steroids

Which outcome is a health effect of a diet high in saturated fats?

Increased risk of heart attack

What name is given to the following reaction?
sucrose + water→glucose + fructose

hydrolysis

A fat that is completed hydrogenated would be...

saturated and solid at room temperature

The ability to tolerate lactose throughout life most likely arose in...

Cultures that keep dairy herds

Glucose is to starch as ______ are to proteins

amino acids

_____ is a hydroxyl group

-OH

A single carbon atom can form a maximum of _____ covalent bond(s)

4

A fat contains which molecular components?

three fatty acids and one glycerol molecule

_____ is a steroid

Estrogen

Which substance is lowest in unsaturated fats?

beef

Where does protein synthesis take place?

on proteins

If a cell's lysosomes burst, the cell would...

Digest itself

What cellular structure do antibiotics typically target?

cell walls

Plant cells, unlike animal cells

cell wall and a central vacuole

When mixed with water, phospholipids spontaneously form membranes because they...

have hydrophilic phosphate groups that are attracted to water and hydrophobic fatty acid tails that avoid water