PTH204 Final Review

sagittal plane

divides body into right and left halves

axis occurs in the sagittal plane?

medial/lateral axis

action occurs in the sagittal plane?

flexion and extension

frontal (coronal) plane

divides body into front and back

what axis occurs in the frontal plane?

anterior/posterior axis

action that occurs in frontal plane

adduction and abduction

transverse (horizontal plane)

divides the body into upper and lower potions

what axis occurs in the frontal plane

superior/inferior (longitudinal) axis

what action occurs in the frontal plane?

rotation

what terms are used to refer to structures on the trunk

cranial and caudal

deep can also be called

profound

degrees of freedom

number of planes in which a joint can movehowq

how many degrees of freedom does the shoulder have?

3; sagittal, frontal, and transverse

degrees of freedom: wrist

2; flexion/extension and radial/ulnar deviation

only attachment of the upper extremity to the axial skeleton?

sternoclavicular joints

ynergy

muscles that work together to produce actiona

agonist

muscle that contracts to produce a movement

antagonist

two or more muscles working in opposite directions to create an action

downward rotators of scapula

trapezius and serratus anterior

force couple

two muscles that work in opposite directions to perform an action

force couple example

trapezius and serratus anterior

what muscle can flex in any position

brachialisne

nerve innervation of extensor muscles

radial nerve

flexor muscle that is NOT innervated by the median nerve

flexor carpi ulnaris

nerve innervation of flexor muscles

median nerve

what nerve innervates the pronator teres

median

what nerve innervates the pronator quadratus

median

what nerve innervates the supinator

radial

what two nerves make up the anatomical snuff box

extensor pollicis and brevis and abductor pollicis

short muscles of the thumb

abductor pollicis brevis, flexor pollicis brevis, opponens pollicis, adductor pollicis

what muscles make up the thenar eminence

abductor pollicis brevis, flexor pollicis brevis, opponens pollicis

nerve that innervates the thenar eminence muscles

median nerve

nerve that innervates the adductor pollicis

ulnar nerve

lateral 2 lumbricals innervated by

median nerve

medial 2 lumbricals innervated by

ulnar nerve

palmar interossei

adducts fingers 2-5; innervated by ulnar

dorsal interossei

abducts fingers 2-5; innervated by ulnar

muscles of the hypothenar eminence

abductor digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi brevis, opponens digiti minimi

spinal level of the femoral nerve

L2-L4

muscles that make up the hamstrings

biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus

primary action of hamstrings

knee flexion

hamstring innervation

sciatic nerve

spinal level of sciatic nerve

L4-S3

gluteus maximus actions

hip extension, lateral rotation, abduction

gluteus maximus innervation

inferior gluteal nerve

muscles of quadriceps

rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, vastus medialis

quadriceps group innervation

femoral nerve

quadriceps perform

knee extension

inferior gluteal nerve spinal level

L5-S2

actions of gluteus medius

abduction, flexion, medial rotation, extension, and lateral rotation of hip

origin and insertion of the rectus femoris

o: anterior inferior iliac spine AIIS; i: tibial tuberosity

origin and insertion of the vastus medialis

O: medial lip of linea aspera; I: tibial tuberosity

origin and insertion of the vastus lateralis

o: lateral lip of linea aspera; i: tibial tuberosity

origin and insertion of the vastus intermedius

o: anterior and lateral surface of femur; i: tibial tuberosity

other action the rectus femoris performs other than extension

flexion of the hip

origin and insertion of biceps femoris

o: ischial tuberosity; i: head of fibula

biceps femoris actions

flexion at knee, extension and lateral rotation at hip

semitendinosus origin and insertion

o: ischial tuberosity; i: proximal medial shaft of tibia

semitendinosus action

flex knee; extend hip

semimembranosus origin and insertion

o: ischial tuberosity; i: posterior aspect of medial condyle of tibia

gluteus medius innervation

superior gluteal nerve

spinal level for gluteus medius

L4-S1

origin and insertion for gluteus minimus

o: gluteal surface of ilium; i: anterior aspect of greater trochanter

gluteus minimus action

abduction, medial rotation, hip flexion

gluteus minimus innervation

superior gluteal nerve

adductor magnus origin and insertion

o: inferior ramus of pubis; i: medial lip of linea aspera and adductor tubercle

primary action of the adductor muscles

adduction and medial rotation

adductor group muscles

adductor magnus, adductor longus, adductor brevis, pectineus, gracilis

gracilis action

flexion of the knee and medial rotation of the flexed knee

adductor magnus innervation

obturator and sciatic

spinal level of the obturator

L3-L4

adductor longus origin and insertion

o: pubic tubercle; i: medial lip of linea aspera

adductor longus and brevis innervation

obturator

adductor brevis origin and insertion

o: inferior ramus of pubis; i: medial lip of linea aspera

pectineus origin and insertion

o: superior ramus of pubis; i: pectineal line of femur

pectineus innervation

femoral and obturator nerve

gracilis origin and insertion

o: inferior ramus of pubis; i: proximal, medial shaft of tibia at pes anserinus tendon

gracilis innervation

obturator

tensor fasciae latae origin and insertion

o: iliac crest; i: iliotibal tract

tensor fasciae latae actions

flexion, medial rotation, abduction of hip

tensor fasciate latae and iliotibial tract innervation

super gluteal (L4-S1)

sartorius origin and insertion

o: anterior superior iliac crest; i: proximal, medial shaft of tibia

sartorius innervation

femoral nerve

sartorius action

flexion, lateral rotation, abduction of hip, and flexion of the knee

piriformis origin and insertion

o: anterior surface of sacrum; i: greater trochanter

lateral rotators of the hip

prifiromis, quadratus femoris, obturator internus and externus, and gemellus superior and inferior

lateral hip rotators action

lateral rotation

lateral hip rotators innervation

sacral plexus (L4-S1)

obturator externus innervation

obturator nerve

quadratus femoris origin and insertion

o: ischial tuberosity; i: intertrochanteric crest

obturator externus origin and insertion

o: rami of pubis and ischium, obturator membrane; i: trochanteric fossa

obturator internus

o: obturator membrane; i: greater trochanter

gemellus superior origin and insertion

o: ischial spine; i: greater trochanter

gemellus inferior origin and insertion

o: ischial tuberosity; i: greater trochanter

psoas major origin and insertion

o: bodies and transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae; i: lesser trochanter

psoas major innervation

lumbar plexus (L2-L3)

iliacus origin and insertion

o: iliac fossa; i: lesser trochanter

iliacus innervation

femoral nerve

posterior compartment muscles

gastrocnemius, soleus, and plantaris

posterior compartment innervation

tibial nerve