BZ 110 Exam 4

Axolotles

What animal can regenerate limbs and can't get cancer

ram ventilation

Animals that swim with its mouth open to maintain water flow have

paedomorphic

mud puppies retain larval characteristics as adults because they are

all of the above

Member of subphylum crainiata
a. birds
b. reptiles
c. fish

false

true or false: most fish are oviviparous

lizards and snakes

what animal(s) show autotomy by getting rid of their tails to escape

true

true or false: the whale shark is a filter feeder

water currents

the lateral line system detects what

tubules

sea cucumber expel cuverian _____ out of their anus

polyandrous

one female, multiple males

polygynous

one male, many females

coelum

the water vascular system of Echinoderms is a modification of the

false

true or false: lampreys have all 5 Chordate characteristics

chewing structures

Aristotle's lantern is

venom

snake ______ was a gene duplication of a single gene

uric acid

avian and non-avian reptiles excrete

long tongues

humming birds & woodpeckers have

pigeons milk

the crop in a bird produces what

Passiformes

the perching song birds are in what order

highly granular

amphibian skin is

false

true or false: blood in sea squirts in consistently flowing in one direction

notochord

supportive, flexible rod dorsal to the body cavity

dorsal tubular nerve cord

dorsal to the notochord and expands into an anterior brain

pharyngeal slits

openings between digestive tract and outside of body, may be in form of pouches, used for filter feeding or gas exchange

endostyle (thyroid gland)

secretes mucus used for filter feeding, transformed into a thyroid gland in adult lampreys and all other vertebrates

postanal tail

a tail that extends beyond the anus

sea squirts/tunicates

Subphylum Urochordata

atrium

in sea squirts, the ____ surrounds the pharynx

lancelets

Subphylum Cephalochordata

lancelets

Only group of chordates that retains all 5 chordate characteristics as adults

ovoviviparous

eggs and live birth

oviparous

eggs hatch outside mother's body

viviparous

live birth

craniata

subphylum that has a skull surrounding a three part brain

hagfish

Infraphylum Hyperotreti
Class Myxini

hagfish

Which fish lacks a vertebrate, scales, and a jaw

endostyle

secretes mucus

vertebrata

notochord has been replaced by a vertebral column

occipital condyle

a point of articulation in between the skull and first vertebral column

one

how many occipital condyles do birds and reptiles have

two

how many occipital condyles do mammals have

cloaca

an opening which releases reproductive, digestive, and excretory products in vertebrates

lampreys

class petromyzontida

lampreys

what sucking fish lacks jaws?

hinged jaws, paired appendages

what two features do all members of the superclass gnathostomata share

sharks, skates, rays

class chonrichthyes

cartilaginous

what type of skeleton do sharks/skates/rays have? (class Chondrichthyes)

placoid cells

not true scales; modified teeth

mermaid purses / corkscrews

common names for shark eggs

ray finned fishes

Class Actinopterygii

operculum

gill coverings 2 chambered heart

teleosts

modern bony fishes

lionfish

_____ have venomous acetylcholine and neurotoxins in their spines on their back

lobe finned fishes

Class Sarcopterygii

lungs

some lobe finned (sarcopterygii) fish have _____

true

True or false: lungfish AND coelacanths are lobe fined (sarcopterygii)

tetrapods

vertebrates with four limbs

endochondral

an ____ bone unites bony fishes and all tetrapods
(fish ancestor to tetrapods is Sarcopterygii)

pituitary and thyroid

what two hormones regulate metamorphosis

caecilians

blind burrowing worm

dermophagy

the process in which young scrape the lining of the mother's oviducts for nourishment (young eat mother's skin)

copulatory

male caecilians have a ___ organ which enables internal fertilization

spermatophore

class amphibia has internal fertilization via ____ insertion into the female's cloaca

facultative

axolotls exhibit what type of paedomorphosis (optional metamorphosis)

obligate

mud puppies exhibit what type of paedomorphosis (no metamorphosis -> adults retain larval characteristics)

external

fertilization in frogs and toads is ______

amplexus

when a male frog/toad mounts a female for reproduction

water

lymph sacs and urinary bladder store

vocal sacs

what do male frogs have that are used to compete, impress females, and establish territory

shell

what part of the egg protects the embryo

yolk

what part of the egg provides nutrition

allantois

what part of the egg stores nitrogenous waste

chorion

what part of the egg allows for gas transfer over the egg

amnion

what part of the egg encloses the embryo in a fluid filled sac for cushion

uric acid

what do non-avian and avian reptiles excrete

keratin

what is reptilian skin made out of

carapace

dorsal part of a turtle's shell

plastron

ventral part of a turtle's shell

anapsid

skull type with no openings (turtles & tortoises)

synapsid

skull type with one opening (mammals)

diapsid

skull type with two openings (avian and non-avian reptiles)

venom

____ glands are modified saliva glands

Jacobson's organs

an organ inside a snake's head which processes odors

parthogenesis

reproduction that consists of only females that produce more females from unfertilized eggs

kinetic skull

mobile skull having movable joints that allow swallowing of large prey

oviparous

reptiles are ______

akinetic skull

skull that has lower jaw firmly attached to it, not permitting flexibility

median eye

Used by reptiles to differentiate light and dark periods; "third eye"

tuataras

which lizard has a well developed parietal eye containing a retina, nerve, & lens

altricial

Offspring that are completely dependent on parental care (naked, blind)

precocial

hatched or born in an advanced state and able to feed itself almost immediately

Pennaceous

flight and external feathers

plumulaceous

down feathers; provide insulation

clutch

group of eggs

pentiradial

what type of symmetry do adult Echinoderms have

hemal system

a system separate from the rest of the body's systems which is responsible for distributing nutrients throughout the rest of the body

coelom

the water vascular system is derived from the

sea stars

Class Asteroidea

brittle stars

Class Ophiuroidea

sea urchins and sand dollars

Class Echinoidea