Psych 1-3

\`How does the humanistic approach to psychology differ from the psychoanalytic approach?

The Humanistic approach focuses on striving to be ones best, while the psychoanlytic approach examines unconscious forces and the inportance of se. and aggression

Which of the following thinkers believed that people were born as blank slates and experiences formed their personality

Locke

Samantha believes all behavior originates from unconscious forces developed primarily in childhood and focused primarily on sex and aggression. With which approach to psychology is Samantha most likely to agree?

Psychoanalytic

With which of the following statements would a behaviorist be most likely to agree?

Psychology can only study what we can observe, because this is all that can be empirically tested

Katelyn is struggling in school and fighting frequently with her parents. She is not sure about her future and what she wants to study in college. With which of the following statements about katelyn would a humanistic psychologist most likely agree.

Katelyn will work to the best of her ability to get her life back on track.

Edward Titchener followed the structuralist approach to examine human consciousness. With which of the following would he agree?

We can use the process of introspection by asking people about their conscious experience to specific stimuli.

Read the following quotation and Answer the question that follows " give me a dozen healthy infants well formed and my own specified world to bring them up in and I'll guaranteed to take anyone at random and train him to become any type of specialist I might select... regardless of his talents, penchants, tendencies, abilities, vocations and race of his ancestors" to whom would the above statement most likely be attributed?

John Watson

Benjamin helps design cars that are easy to drive and intuitive to use. It is most likely that Benjamin is engaged in which of the following fields of psychology

Human factors

Denise just transferred from another school. She is having trouble adjusting to her new environment because she is very shy and is finding it difficult to make new friends. Which of the following types of psychologist might best help Denise work through this adjustment period?

Counseling

Which of the following best describes how psychiatrics most often treat patients?

Through medication management

A researcher wants to determine if studying for half hour each night for a week in preparation for an exam is better than studying for 3 1/2 hours on Sunday evening for an exam on Monday. Researchers will randomly select participants for the study and randomly place participants into either the massed or distributed study Group. They will also measure the outcome of each unit exam. What is the Dependent variable in this exam?

The score on each exam

And experimenter wants to Determine The impact of caffeine on attention span. Which of the following best represents random assignment?

Placing participants into either the caffeine or non-caffeine group without any set pattern.

A researcher wants to investigate a unique brain tumor and a 12-year-old child to see how the tumor affect the child's behavior. The researcher will conduct a battery of cognitive and physical tests With the child over the course of six months to account for potential changes in the tumor size an impact. Which of the following would be the best research method to study the situation?

Individual case study.

A researcher determined that the last practice teenagers had driving the more moving violations they receive during the first year after receiving their drivers license this finding is an example of which of the following?

An illusory correlation

A graduate student wants to conduct a study to investigate peoples opinions regarding the death penalty. Because he has not yet taken his research methods course he does not know which technique would be best to gather data on this issue. Based on what you have read about research techniques which of the following techniques would work best for his purpose study?

Survey

A researcher who had a role in designing a new medication for headaches wants to promote it. She unconsciously suggest to those who took her medication that they are feeling better than those who had an alternative of medication. This demonstrates which of the following phenomena?

Experiment bias

What is the best way for a researcher to avoid unconsciously tingling any point of you to the participants in the study?

Double blind study

Which of the following is the best example of random selection?

Arbitrarily selecting names from everyone in the population to determine who will be in the study.

Mary is an undergraduate student who has volunteered for a study her professor is running. During the study, Mary picks up on cues from her professor that the expectations he has regarding the outcome of the study. The professor does not realize he is giving these cues, and she does not realize that she is picking up on them, yet she behaves as he expects. Which of the following phenomena has occurred?

Mary has displayed demand characteristics

A researcher has found that the more time athletes spent training in Track & Feild the lower their times in the 100 m run. She did Herman is that this result means that training causes drops in times. Which of the following is true about the study?

The research has falsely determined that correlation proves causation.

Paul has run a correlational study and found that as people age their ability to hear high-pitched sounds decreases. While you do not have a written copy of Paul's study in front of you, which of the following scores likely describes the finding of Paul study?

-0.48

Each semester, high schools across the country compute students grade point averages. Which of the following is a measure of central tendency That best represents a students cumulative grade point average?

Mean

Tanya is helping the schools track and field coach recruit recruit athletes for the upcoming season. She has timing her classmates as they run the 100 yard dash she just has it 20 students so far and wants to show her coach the results. Which of the following would be the most appropriate way for Tanya to display her data for the coach?

A histogram

Which of the following is true about a negatively skewed distribution?

The mean will be lower than the median.

Which of the following statements can be made about normal distribution without knowing specific information about the data set?

84% of the population will score at or below a +1 standard deviation.

Alice has just found that the study she has been conducted over the last two years has Youlden statistically significant results. She wants to tell her parents about her exciting news, but they do not know much about statistics. Which of the following statements can Alice share with her her parents to summarize the meaning of statistical significance?

The results are unlikely due to chance

Natasha is judging the science fair projects of the students in her class. The final round has narrowed the competition down to the top 10 students, who are must be placed in the right order and compared to one another in regard to their scientific abilities and the quality of their projects. Which type of data is Natasha working with?

Ordinal

Which number best represents the median for the following data set? 4,4,5,7,7,9,11,12,18,22

10

Jessica's chemistry instructor told the class that the results of the final exam we're normally distributed. Because Jessica had been paying attention in her psychology class she knows what this means the instructor hands back the exams, telling the students that the mean was 80 and a standard deviation was 4. Jessica score on the exam was 88. She wants to compute her percentile rank to see how she did in comparison to her classmates. Which of the following is correct about Jessica's exam score?

Jessica's percentile tank is 97.5

Varun is graduating from college. He is excited to have received a job offer from a small accounting firm near his home. During his research on the company, they found that most of the firms 50 employees are recent college graduates like himself who make 43,000 per year. There are five managers who make 80,000 per year, vice president who makes 120,000 per year, and a CEO Who makes 300,000 per year. Which of the following best represents Varun's findings on the salaries of the employees at the accounting firm?

A positively skewed distribution

Liz a high school tennis player. She started to lose weight rapidly during the season. She couldn't control her emotions and act it out on them, never holding back it appears that Alisa could have a classic case of anorexia. Which part of the brain our new studies focusing on in understanding the role of brain in this eating disorder?

Hypothalamus

Mrs. Johnson took her husband to see a doctor after being in the car with him for one day. He repeatedly red red lights and drove right past the building where he was supposed to drop her off, even though he had been there several times. After many test, the doctor told Miss Johnson that her husband had a brain tumor and it had already started to spread. Where did the tumor likely begin?

Hippocampus

Sasha has tried every diet in the book.Cutting portions has not worked, because she finds herself constantly hungry. Her weight gain has been depressing Her, and her mom has gotten very worried. She also consume large quantities of water. What part of the brain might be damaged and responsible for Sasha's behavior.?

Lateral hypothalamus

Susie works in an ice cream shop and suffered brain damage from an accident. Now when something goes wrong in the store, she has no idea how to fix it. Her favorite type of ice cream has always been chocolate chip, I get it now she can never decide what flavor she wants to eat on her break. Susie coworkers have also noticed that she just doesn't seem like herself. Where did Susie suffer the brain damage?

Frontal lobes

As a result of the surgical procedure, Hakim's Courier has a violinist is over. He finds that he can no longer compose music. When he tries to play he gets confused because he can't retain what he hears. What part of the brain is likely implicated?

Temporal lobes

Lately, Maria has not been sleeping well. It seems like if she hears everything at night. Even the faintest noises, Such as the refrigerator humming in the toilet down the hall for flushing, wake her up. If she does Fall asleep, she has a very hard time getting up. Maria is desperate for some rest. Well part of her brain is not functioning properly?

Reticular activating system

Valeria Is a dancer. She has been dancing for years, but one evening at late night rehearsal, her tired partner accidentally dropped her on her head. Now, Valeria has problems dancing. She knows the correct steps she must make, but she feels as if her legs and arms are moving as if directed by someone else. What area of her brain was damaged by her fall?

Cerebellum

John has a very strong fear of spiders. One day while he was laying in bed, a spider fell on his head. John quickly jumped out of bed as a result of his fear. However, the spider still manage to bite him. John David toward the door, and within seconds he collapsed to the ground. When his brother rushed into the room to ask what was wrong, who is an able to understand her question. He saw her mouth move but was an able to make sense of the word. What area of the brain did the poison affect?

Amygdala

Dr. Ramachandran needs to examine A patient's brain to find out if there is a tumor and, if so, where it is. Which method should he use?

CT scan

Mr. Murphy has suffered a stroke and is no longer able to communicate the ideas he has in his head. He knows what he wants to say but is unable to speak. What part of Mr. movies brain has been damaged by the stroke?

Broca's area

Which of the following is the correct sequence of parts of a neuron firing?

Dendrites, soma, axon, vesicles, neurotransmitters (dsavn)

The branching fibers of the \____And in\____and link with parts of other neurons

Axon, terminal

Which of the following is the closest voltage to the threshold for firing inside a nerve cell?

The electrical charge reaches -50 millivolts

If the electrical charge of the neuron changes to about -55 millivolts The neuron will reach its\_____for firing

Threshold

Communication within a neuron is\____, while communication between neurons is\____.

Electrical, chemical

The paralyzing affect of poison is caused by its ability to

Block the action of acetylcholine at neuron-muscle synapses

Anya has green eyes and black hair in a short. these characteristics are examples of

Phenotypic

Some peripheral Nerves can regenerate after being damaged because of the presence of

Neurilemma

Carlos is under a great deal of stress at work. The brain Produces opiate-like neural regulators called\______to help relieve his stress and pain.

Enkephalins

The release of\______seems to underlie the " runners high, " the effects of placebos, and the occasional euphoria associated with childbirth

Endorphins

Negative afterimages Can't be explained by which of the following?

The opponent detection by rods

What is true about the blind spot in each eye?

It occurs where the optic nerve leaves the eye

The perceived a page of a town is mostly determined by its

Frequency

In audition, transduction occurs within the

Basilar membrane

Visual acuity is best in the

Fovea

Photoreceptors realize visual information to the brain through which of the following cells?

Bipolar and ganglion

In a photo, the detail in the bottom part of the picture is much greater than the detail in the top part. This illustrates which monocular cue?

Relative clarity

The outfielder focuses her eyes on the protein bar, and as it gets closer they move inward. This phenomenon is the binocular cue of

Convergence

The " faces vs. Vase" figure Illustrates the gestalt organizing principle of

Figure-ground

You see your friend approaching from the far end of the school court yard. He looks small, but you assume he is his usual height because of

Size constancy

An artist paints distant trees closer to the top of the canvas then the flowers nearby. The artist is using the distance cue called

Linear perspective or relative height

When you restart your computer, you may see what appears to be a Circle with spokes spinning until start up is complete. This is an example of

the phi phenomenon

When looking at a book in front of you, you're probably perceive it as a rectangular Rather than trapezoidal, as it appears on your retina. This shows the importance of

Shape constancy

Trisha Was watching a scary movie while home alone. She heard a storm rattling the windows and interpreted that as the sound of an intruder trying to break in. Her era was due to the influence of

Bottom processing

A painter who wants to show that one figure is closer to the viewer then another, partially Blocked figure standing slightly behind it is using the principle of

Interposition

What conclusion can you draw from the visual cliff experiment about depth perception?

Increased heart rate among babies showed anxiety as they approach the "cliff," So they likely perceived the "cliff" and therefore have depth perception

Which of the following is true regarding REM sleep and healthy adults?

It correlates with dreaming

In office worker is concerned about constantly sleepiness. Her doctor referred her to a sleep clinic, where they discover her sleep is interrupted by gasping for breath, waking up, and falling back to sleep dozens of times each night. Her doctor would likely diagnosed her with

Sleep apnea

Maritza Is able to be hypnotized easily. She is able to place her arm in a bucket of ice water without showing any signs of pain or discomfort. When asked to give a single if some part of her is aware of the pain, she raises her hand. Which of the following is a theory that best explains Maritza's behavior

Dissociation

Which of the following most accurately characterizes the role of the suprachiasmatic nucleus in the regulation of sleep?

It acts with the eyes and the pineal gland to regulate circadian rhythm's

A person who drinks alcohol daily finds he needs to keep increasing his alcohol intake to get the same pleasure. He is experiencing

Alcohol tolerance

Whether a Person can be hypnotized or not depends mainly on

the willingness of the person to be hypnotized

Mona Has been abusing cocaine and now suffers from an inability to feel pleasure. This condition is called

Anhedonia

Paradoxical sleep is to slow- wave sleep as \_______ sleep is to \______ sleep.

REM; stage 3

Obesity is a risk factor for developing which of the following sleep disorders?

Sleep apnea

While Emily was hypnotizdd, her therapist recommended that she a specific and healthy diet over the next week.The therapist was making use of

Post- hypnotic suggestion

An untrained dog's Salivation at the start of a food dish is AN

Unconditioned response

Bailey had to get allergy shots weekly. Before administrating them, the doctor would put rubbing alcohol on her skin. Now Bailey becomes fearful every time she smells rubbing alcohol. Which concept best explains Baileys fear?

Classical conditioning

Pavlov is to \______ as skinner is to \______

Classical conditioning, operant conditioning

Which of the following could be considered an unconditional response?

Sweating and hot weather

In Watson's little Albert experiment, Albert became fearful of furry mask, rabbits, and dogs in addition to the original route. Which concept did this best illustrates?

Stimulus generalization

Service dogs are often trained to assist in such a task as letting the person know someone is at the door, safely crossing the street, or pushing buttons on the elevator. Which answer best describes her dogs were trained for these behaviors?

Shaping

Reyna's Therapist reminds her of her father in a variety of ways. As a result, she has many of the same reactions to the therapist as she has to her father. Her reactions to her therapist best illustrates the concept of

Generalization

Adriana is addicted to heroin. The room in which she usually takes heroin will likely become what for her drug cravings?

CS

After several attempts at escape with no success, the victim in an abusive relationship gives up hope of escape the no longer tries. The best explanation for this is

Learned helplessness

Sheldon is refusing to complete his homework on time. After learning about his love of trains, Mr. Khan promises to reword Sheldon with a Thomas the tank engine train video after he finishes his next two homework assignments. This is an example of

The premack principle

In Bandura's Studies with the Bobo doll, the children in the group who saw a video of the model punished for being aggressive to the Bobo doll did not imitate the model. The only imitated the model if the model had been given a reward for being aggressive. These children obviously learned the behavior but did not perform it. This is called

Vicarious reinforcement

A dramatic rise in children's violent play immediately following a viewing of a violet television cartoon demonstrates the role of

Vicarious learning

After extensive exposure over long periods of time, viewers can become Unconcerned with the level or intensity Of violence when later viewing a fight, whether on television or in real life. This change best shows the effects of

Desensitization

Ward and June Would like to raise their children to be socially aware and helpful people. Social learning psychologist would recommend that the strongest way they can influence their children is to

Model desired behaviors

A laboratory monkey observing a researcher like an ice cream cone and showing brain activity in the same area as if the monkey himself had liked it is exhibiting the effects of

Mirror neurons

Monkeys raised in labs showed no fear towards snakes. Monkeys raised in the wild it showed strong fear of snakes. Lab raised monkeys shown the video of wild monkeys responding to snakes begin Acting fearfully after being exposed to a toy snake. This illustrates the power of

Observational learning

Which of the following is an example of observational learning?

A baseball player works in the batting cages until she become skilled at hitting

In class just before an exam, Brendan Is loud and cursing. The teacher kicked Brandan out of class. As a result, Brandan received an F for that exam. Kaylee sees this and thinks to herself, "I am never going to do that." This is example of

Vicarious reinforcement

Unlike implicit memories, explicit memories are processed by the

Hippocampus

Which of the following best describes explicit memories?

The result of effortful processing

Well reading a novel at a rate of nearly 500 words per minute. And Megan effortlessly understands almost every word. This ability highlights the importance of

Automatic processing

Iconic memory is to echoic memory as

Visual stimulation is to auditory stimulation

Students often remember more information from a course that spans an entire semester then for my course that is completed and in intensive three week learning Period. this best illustrates the importance of

Distributed practice

Bratz given a drug that enhances long-term potentiation Well learn a maze with half the usual number of mistakes. This suggests that

LTP Provides a neural basis for learning and remembering associations