1306 Baylor Bio Final Page 1 Harvill

Conditions for Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium

1. No Mutations

2. Random Mating

3. No Natural Selection

4. Extremely Large population Size

5. No Gene Flow

Gene Pool

all copies of every type of allele at every locus in all members of a population

Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium

Population that is not evolving, allele and genotype frequencies will remain constant from generation to generation. Provided mendelian segreagation and recombination of alleles are at work.

Natural Selection

Survival of The Fittest

Adaptive Evolution

Evolution that results in a better match between organism and their environments

Genetic Drift

Chance events that cause allele frequencies to to fluctuate unredictably

Founder Effect

A few individuals become isolated from a larger population, the smaller group can become a new population with a different gene pool

Bottleneck Effect

Sudden change in environment that drastically reduces the size of a population

Small

Which does Genetic drift have more of an effect on? Large or Small Populations?

True

T/F Genetic drift causes allele frequencies to change at random

True

T/F Genetic Drift can lead to a loss of genetic variation within populations

Gene Flow

Transfer of alleles into or out of a population.

Directional Selection

Occurs when conditions favor individuals exhibiting one extreme phenotypic range(favors dark mice)

Disruptive Selection

Occurs when conditions favor both extremes (black and white mice)

Stabilizing Selection

Acts against both extremes and favors intermediate variants(Grey Mice)

Biological Species concept

A group of populations who have the potential to interbreed in nature and produce viable offspring , but do not produce viable offspring with other groups

Morphological Species Concept

Distinguishes a species by its body shape and other structural features

Ecological Species Concept

Defines a species based on its ecological niche

Phylogenetic species concept

Defines a species as the smallest group of individuals that share a common ancestor, forming one branch on the tree of life

Allopatric Speciation

"Other Country" Gene flow is interrupted when a population is divided into geographically isolated sub populations

Sympatric Speciation

"Same Country" Gene flow is reduced by such factors as polyploidy, sexual selection, and habitat differentiation

Cenozoic

Includes Modern Time, Ice Ages, Primate Groups. 65.5 mya to today

Mesozoic

251 to 65.5

Cretaceous

Flowering Plants, most dinos go extinct

Jurassic

DINOS

Triassic

Cone bearing plants, and dinos first show up

Cambrian

Sudden increase i diversity of animals

250 MYA

When was Pangaea a thing?

Taxonomy

How organisms are named and classified

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

What is the order of the naming system?

Gymnosperm

Bears "naked" seed, typically on cones

Sporophyte(2n)

Gymnosperm dominant generation

Angiosperm

Flowering Plants

Sporophyte(2n)

Angiosperm Dominant generation

Monocot

1. One Cotyledon

2. Leaf Veins Parallel

3. Vascular Tissue Scattered

4. No Main Root

5. Pollen grain with one opening

6. Flower organs usually in x3

Eudicot

1. Two Cotyledons

2. Leaf veins netlike

3. Vascular tissue in a ring shape

4. Taproot (main root)

5. Pollen grain 3 openings

6. Flower organs x4 or x5