Health Final

All the vocab from the study guide and previous units.

Fertilization

Union of an egg and and a sperm

Zygote

First name given

Depressant

is a drug that slows brain and bodily functions

Intoxication

is the state where a person metal and physical abilities are impaired by alcohol or another substance

Tolerance

needing more alcohol to achieve the original affect.

BAC (Blood alcohol concentration)

amount of alcohol in someone’s blood

Binge Drinking

Usually a game, bet, or dare; it is a large amount of alcohol in one sitting

Driving while Intoxicated (DWI)

License can be taken away if the BAC is over the limit

Cirrhosis

Useless scar tissue leads to liver failure and death

Addiction

Tolerance and dependence result in this. The drinker has no control over his or her drinking and develops a string emotional need for alcohol

Overdose

Consuming a large amount of alcohol causing the drinker to fall into a coma or death.

Alcoholism

People who can no longer control their use of alcohol, and need it to function and coping

Alcohol Poisoning

To much alcohol that causes the heart and breathing to stop. Overdoes on alcohol

Blackout

A period of time the drinker can not recall

Legally drunk

0\.08%

Factors of BAC

Rate of Consumption

Gender

Size of drinker

Food in stomach

Zero Tolerance Law

Anyone under 21 driving with alcohol in their system and no purchasing alcohol

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

When a mom drinks alcohol while pregnant and can cause deformations with the baby

Warning signs of Alcohol Poisoning

Clod, clammy, pale, or blushing skin

Irregular or slow breathing

Vomiting while unconscious

Reverse Tolerance

A condition where less and less alcohol causes intoxication

Detoxification

Removal of all alcohol in a persons body

Withdraw

Symptoms of not having alcohol, last 3-7 days

Rehabilitation

Process of learning how to cope with put alcohol every day

AA

Recovering alcoholics help other alcoholics to stop drinking

Al-Anon

Helps adult friends and family members learn how they can help in the alcoholics recovery process

Alateen

Provides help for teenagers living with alcoholics

Refusal Skills

Skills on how to say no to drugs and alcohol

Anorexia (Nervosa)

A refusal to maintain a normal body weight, an intense fear of gaining weight, sever body image disturbance and denial of severity of illness.

Who gets Anorexia

More females than males (20-1 ratio)

More teens than adults

Age range is usually 18-20

Causes of Anorexia

It is never just one

Being a high achiever,

People pleaser,

Dieting history

Athletes in appearance sports

Depression, low self esteem, anxiety

Difficulty with emotions

OCD

Family stress or abuse history

Substance abuse

Family history of eating disorder

Brain changes with anorexia

Extreme weight loss causes a chemical changes in the brain with alter perceptions making themselves see themselves as fat when they are not.

Side effects of Anorexia

Dehydration and nutrient deficiencies

dry skin

brittle hair and nails

cold body

muscles tone decreases

loss of period

slow growth

lanugo

Osteopenia (bone thinning)

liver and kidney problems

heart problems

death

Treatment for anorexia

Therapy, inpatient hospitals

Bulimia Nervosa

Binge eating followed by purging

Binge eating

eating large amounts of food in a short time period, feeling the lack of control over eating

Purging

A behavior that compensates for the binge, such as excessive use of laxatives, fasting, or excessive exercise.

Why is Bulimia hard to identify

They may be of normal weight, or even over weight, but te being eating and purging is done in private.

Who gets bulimia

Mostly older teenage females

What causes bulimia

Same triggers as anorexia and it develops over time after prolonged periods of dieting or anorexia.

What does Bulimia cause?

Preoccupation with food

Muscle weakness

Period irregularities

Tooth and mouth erosion

Swollen salivary glands

Broken blood vessels in the eyes

calluses on the back of the hands and knuckles from self induced vomiting

Treatment for bulimia

Usually includes both b=medication, antidepressants, counseling, and dieting plans to help achieve a healthy weight.

Binge eating disorder (BED)

Insatiable cravings for food that can occur any time, day or night, usually in secret and shameful. They eat until uncomfortably full when not physically hungry.

What does binge eating do (BED)

They are similar to bulimia but instead, they do no purge, so they are more than likley to be obese or over weight

Common for Binge Eating Disorder (BED) (side effects)

Feelings of disgust, guilt, and distress

may eat more rapidly than normal

May eat until uncomfortably full

Eating large amounts of food when not hungry

Eating alone due to embarrassment

Sense of a loss of control

Weight gain

Treatment for Binge eating (BED)

Goal for treatment is to decrease or stop the bingeing episodes

attain and maintain a healthy weight

treat any co-existing psychiatrics ’ disorders

Correct self-defeating thoughts, feeling, or situations that can trigger a binge

Eating Disorders Not Otherwise Specified (EDNOS)

They have many symptoms of other eating disorders such as anorexia or bulimia but does not mean the full criteria for those disorders

What is EDNOS

People with EDNOS commonly have extremely disturbed eating habits, a distorted body image and an intense fear of gaining weight. It is now the most common eating disorder diagnosed in all ages and genders.

Nutrients

Substance that the body needs to regulate bodily functions, promote growth, repair body tissue, and obtain energy

Metabolism

The chemical process by which your body breaks down food to release this engery.

Calories

Nutrients are broken down into measuring units called calories. The more calories a food has the more energy it contains

Carbohydrates types

Simple, Complex, and Fiber

Carbohydrates

Supply energy for your body’s functions

Simple Carbohydrates

known as sugars

Complex Carbohydrates

also known as starches

Fiber

a type of complex carb found in plants

Fiber benifits

Prevents constipation

reduce the risk of colon cancer

may help prevent heart disease

Glycogen

Extra glucose is converted to a type of starch called glycogen and is stored in the liver for later use. If the liver is full the the excess carbohydrates is stored as fat instead.

Fats

Supply your body with energy

form your cells

maintain body temperature

protect your nerves

protect your joints

Types of fat

Unsaturated and Saturated and trans

Unsaturated fats

they have at least one unsaturated bond in a place where hydrogen can be added to the molecule.

Liquid at room temp

Saturated fats

Solid at room temp

too much can lead to heart disease

They have all the hydrogen and carbon atoms

Cholestreol

It is a waxy, fat like substance that is only in animal products

Needed to make cell membranes

nerve system

too much can lead to heart disease

Trans fat

Made when manufactures add hydrogen to the fat molecules in vegetables oils

found in margarine, chips, and commercially baked goods.

also associated with higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

Protein

Serves as an energy source, four calories per gram

Uses of protein

build and repair tissues

to make enzymes, hormones, and other body chemicals

nails and hair or mostly made of it

Protein is made of

Essential Amino Acids

What are Vitamins

Nutrients that are made by living things, are required only in small amounts, and that assist many chemical reactions in the body.

Type of vitamins

fat soluble - dissolve in fatty materials

water soluble - dissolve in water

Antioxidants

Fat soluble vitanims

A, D, E and K

Water soluble Vitamins

can not be stored by the body

Vitamins C and B

Antioxidants

They are vitamins that protect healthy cells from the damage caused by the normal aging process as well as from some cancer

Vitamins C and E

Minerals

the body only needs a small amount

what are the seven minerals your body needs

Calcium

Sodium

Potassium

Magnesium

Phosphorus

Chlorine

And sulfur

What calcium does to your body

It is an essential ingredient for bones and teeth

Food examples: Diary products, sea food, leafy greens, dried fruit

Potassium

Works with sodium to maintain water balance in the body

examples: Bananas, oranges, spinach, broccoli

Iron

Needed for healthy red blood cells

examples: shellfish, spinach, red meat, egg yolk, beans

Anemia

low levels of iron in the blood

Sodium

Important for heart function and water balance

Food: Soup, ham. cottage cheese, vegetables juice, salad dressing

Homeostasis

The process of maintaining a steady state inside your body

Prespiration

Sweat, your body makes it to cool you down

Dehydration

Is a serious reduction in the body’s water content

Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)

is the rate at which you use energy when your body is at rest

The higher it is the more calories you burn

Factors that influence BMR

Body size - increases when weight, height, and surface area increase

Body Composition - the more fat tissue the lower the activity

Nutrition - need the proper nutrition

Activity level - an active life style helps maintain a healthy metabolism

age - older slower

Climate and body temp

hormonal levels

health

Body Composition

is a measure of how much body fat you have compared to muscle and bone

body mass index (BMI)

Ratio of your weight to your height

BMI = weight in lbs / height in inches x 703

Overweight

a term used to describe a person who is heavier than the standard for the person’s height

Obesity

refers specifically to adults who have a BMI of 30 or higher

Underweight

A term used to describe a person who is lighter than the standard for the persons height

Fad diets

a popular diet that may help a person lose or gain weight but without the proper regards for nutrient can cause health issues

Vegetarian

does not eat meat

Vegan

do not eat any food from animal sources

Food allergy

a response by your immune system to the proteins in certain foods

Food intolerance

Is an inability to digest a particular food or food additive

**Endocrine system regulates:**

long-term changes in the body such as growth and development.

Controls many of the body’s daily activities,

such as the body’s use of energy from a meal (metabolism) and it’s response to stress.

Blasotcyst

second name

when a cluster of cells with hollow space

Implantation

Blastocyst attaches itself or “implants” into the cell wall of the uterus

Embryo

Name 3

name given after implantation

Placenta

blood rich tissue that develops and is an attachment that holds the embryo to the wall of the uterus

Umbilical cord

The life line to the embryo it develops between the embryo and placenta. no filter

Amniotic Sac

Thin tissue that surrounds the embryo