GCSE Germany 1918-39 mid yrs

What were the years of WWI?

1914-1918

How much did Germany have to pay as reparations?

£6.6 billion

Who was the leader of Germany before the war?

Kaiser Wilhelm II

Who was the leader of the Weimar Republic?

Friedrich Ebert

What Social party was Ebert the leader of?

The Social Democratic Party

What part of the parliament (Weimar) was elected by proportional representation every 4 years?

The Reichstag (or lower house)

What part of the parliament (Weimar) was made of representatives from each German state?

The Reichsrat (or upper house)

What part of parliament (Weimar) was the head of state and voted for in elections every 7 years?

The President (Friedrich Ebert)

What was the problem with proportional representation?

It caused many coalitions to be made, causing weak governments

Why were the government hated (Weimar)
HINT: Treaty of Versaille

The Treaty Of Versailles was humiliating, the government were described as 'November Criminals' , Germans thought they would have won the war had it not been for the treaty (not true), They couldn't afford the reparations so country got run down

What was involved in Article 48?

The president could take power in an emergency (didn't state what an 'emergency' was

Who were the leaders of the Sparticist's uprising in January 1919?

Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht

When was the Sparticists uprising?

January 1919

Who were the Sparticists uprising crushed by?

The Freikorps

Who led the Kapp Putsch?

Wolfgang Kapp

When was the Kapp Putsch?

March 1920

When was the French Invasion of the Ruhr?

January 1923

Why did the German Economy halt during the French invasion of the Ruhr?

Because the workers used passive resistance (not working) and this was the industrial centre of the country

When was the peak of hyperinflation?

November 1923

What did printing more money cause?

Hyperinflation

Who became chancellor in August 1923?

Stresemann

What did Stresemann replace the Mark with?

Rentenmark

How much money was loaned off America as part of the Dawes Plan in 1924?

800 million marks

When did the French and Belgian troops leave the Ruhr?

1925

By what time was Germany the leading exporter of goods?

1930

In 1929, how much (percentage) did the reparations be reduced by, through the Young Plan?

67%

When was the Locarno treaty signed?

1925

What treaty guaranteed Germany's borders with France and Belgium?

The Locarno Treaty

When did Germany join the league of nations?

1926

Who took Germany into the League of Nations?

Stresemann

What treaty said that they would keep their armies as self defence but 'he solution of all disputes shall only be sought by peaceful means'?

The Kellogg-Brand Pact

When was the Kellogg-Brand pact signed?

1928

Why did farming suffer throughout the 1920s?

There was a fall in food prices

Who was one of Germany's war heroes who liked the Kaiser and became president, and when?

Hindenburg, 1925

When was the wall street crash?

1929

In 1930 how many unemployed people were there?

4 million

In 1928 how many unemployed people were there?

2.5 million

In the 1932 elections what was the increase of seats in the Reichstag for the communist party (from what to what) from the 1928 elections?

from 54 to 89

In the 1933 elections what was the increase of seats in the Reichstag for the Nazi party (from what to what) from the 1928 elections?

From 12 to 230

What was bad about the Wall Street Crash (1929-33) for Germany?

American banks were forced to recall their loans which Germany was unable to pay, German businesses began to close so millions lost jobs

When and Where was Hitler born?

1889, Austria

What is the hatred of Jews called?

Anti-Semitism

What medal did Hitler get for fighting in WWI?

The Iron Cross

When did Hitler join the 'German Worker's Party'?

1919

What did Hitler change the name of the German Worker's Party to?

National Socialist German Workers' Party (Nazis)

When did Hitler become leader of the Nazi Party?

1921

What does SA stand for?

Sturm Abteilung (or Storm troopers)

What was included in Hitler's 25-point plan?

Reverse the Terms of the Treaty of Versailles, destroy communism, make Germany great, attacked Jews, blamed them for Germany's defeat in the first world war

In 1922, how many members did the Nazi party have?

3000

When was the Munich Putsch?

1923

Why did Hitler want to carry out the Putsch?

The Weimar was very unpopular due to French occupation of the Ruhr and hyperinflation, in 1922 Mussolini had seized power after a march on Rome, he was convinced it would help him gain support

9th November, How many Nazis were killed after the Bavarian police opened fire on them?

16

Hitler and who were arrested and charged with high treason? HINT: former fist world war general who was now a member of the Nazi party

Ludendorff

What book (memoirs) did Hitler write in prison?

Mein Kampf

How many seats did the Nazi party win in the 1928 election?

12

How was progress made in the Nazi party in the years 1924-29?

Hitler now wanted to gain power through legal methods, by getting a majority vote in the Reichstag, he reorganised the party to make it more efficient by creating headquarters in Munich and branches over Germany

How did the 1929 depression help Hitler and the Nazi party?

There was chaos in Germany which no government could control, Hitler promised to reduce unemployment, there were frequent fights between the communists and the police in contrast to the SA's control and order

In January 1932, how many people were unemployed?

6 million

In the fights between communists and Nazis at the time of the June 1932, how many people were killed?

nearly 100

When did Hitler first ask to become Chancellor?

1932

When did the Nazis first become the largest party?

July 1932

When did Hindenburg replace von Papen with Kurt von Schleicher, despite the fact that within a month Schleicher was forced to resign?

December 1932

Which two made Hitler Chancellor?

Hindenburg and von Papen

When did Hitler become Chancellor, causing von Papen to become vice-chancellor?

30th January 1933

When was the Reichstag fire?

February 1933

Who was arrested for the Reichstag fire?

Marinus van der Lubbe

How was Hitler able to exploit the Reichstag fire?
HINT: Marinus van der Lubbe was a communist

Nazis blamed communist party, Hitler persuaded Hindenburg to pass a law to restrict personal liberty meaning thousands of communists were thrown into prison

In what year did Hitler persuade Hindenburg to hold another general election?

1933

In the 1933 election, Hitler wanted at least half of the vote but how many nationalist members did he have to join with to form a government?

52

What was the enabling act?

The right to pass laws for the next 4 years without having to get support of the Reichstag

How much of the Reichstag agreed to the Enabling act at first?

just over half

How much of the Reichstag did Hitler need to agree to the enabling act to allow it to pass?

two thirds

How did Hitler gain support for the enabling act?

The SA continued to intimidate the opposition, 81 communist members of the Reichstag were expelled, there was an atmosphere of violence and threats

How many votes passed the enabling act (x votes to x)

441 votes to 94

As part of the Enabling act, how long could Hitler rule without consulting the Reichstag?

4 years

When did Hitler outlaw all other parties?

July 1933

What is a one-party state?

A country with one party (ie the Nazis)

When did Hitler break into the trade union offices and arrested thousands of trade union officials?

2nd May 1933

When unions were banned, what did workers become part of?

The German Labour Front

Who was the leader of the SA during the night of the long knives?

Ernst Röhm

Why did Hitler want to attack the SA in the Night of the Long Knives?

The German Army saw the SA as a rival and would not support Hitler unless the SA was disbanded, some members of the SA wanted a socialist reform which Hitler was opposed to as he would lose support of wealthy industrialists, Röhm was a threat to Hitler's dominance of the Nazi party

When was the Night of the Long Knives?

30 June 1934

Who killed who in the night of the long knives?

The SA killed the SS

How many people are estimated to have been murdered in the night of the long knives?

400 (including Röhm)

When did Hindenburg die?

August 1934

What was Hitler's title after Hindenburg died and he combined the posts of chancellor and president?

der Führer

What happened to people who criticised the Nazi party?

imprisoned (or worse...)

What was Hitler's secret police called?

Gestapo

How was the one-party State and criticism of the Nazis controlled?

Terror tactics to intimidate arrest or kill opponents, enemies of the Nazi party were arrested and sent to concentration camps without trial

What did the Nazi's do to courts?

There was no trial by jury, all judges were Nazis

What did the Nazis do to the churches?

Christian beliefs were very different to Nazism, the Nazi Reich Church was set up to replace the protestant church, the Catholic church were persecuted and priests were arrested

Who did Hitler make the minister of enlightenment and propaganda?

Josef Goebbels

What did Goebbels use his power to do?

Control all the information that reached German people

How were newspapers censored?

Only allowed to print stories favourable to the Nazis

How were radios censored?

cheap radios were manufactured so everyone could buy one, all radio plays, stories and news items were favourable to the Nazis

How did the Nazis censor the film industry?

German films in the 1930s showed Germans defeating their enemies and cartoons were shown to make Jews look weak and devious

Where was the largest rally?

Nuremberg

What happened at the rallies?

listened to choirs, sang songs, watched sporting events and firework displays

What does 'Aryan' mean?

Nazi term for non-Jewish Germans / the master race

When was the Berlin Olympic games meant to suggest the superiority of the Aryan race?

1936