cgs2060 exam 2

What are system software program types?

operating systems, utilities, device drivers, language translators

What are examples of the types of system software?

MacOS, antivirus, printer driver, Google Translate

What is an operating system? What is it responsible for managing? What are the functions of an operating system?

it coordinates computer resources, provides the user interface, & runs applications.They are accompanies by several common utility programs, including a search Robeson, a storage management program, & a backup program

What are dialogue boxes?

used to provide info or request input

Know the different types of boots for a system.

Warm Boot & Cold Boot

Warm Boot

The process of restarting the system while it's powered on.

Cold Boot

Process of turning on a computer that has been powered off completely

What is multitasking in an operating system?

the ability to switch between different applications stored in memory

In a network operating system, this computer coordinates all communication between computers.

Server

What are embedded operating systems?

OS for handheld devices

The operating system is often referred to as the software environment or software \________.

Platform

The most widely used personal computer operating system.

Windows

What is the macOS operating system? Know the versions.

macOS X is the most widely used Mac desktop operating system and has two versions: macOS High Sierra which provides a new file system for faster, more secure data storage and was announced in 2017. macOS Mojave which has darker color palettes designed to improve image contrast and reduce eye strain and was announced in 2018.

What is the UNIX operating system? Know the versions.

UNIX is the operating system that was originally designed in the late 1960s to run minicomputers in network environments. Linux is a version of UNIX.

This type of embedded operating system is used by cell phones.

Mobile

What is a Host operating system?

software on a computer that works with the underlying hardware

What is a Virtualization software?

process where a single physical computer can support multiple operating systems

\________ accept commands through text or speech to allow intuitive interaction with your computer, cell phone, or tablet and coordinate personal data across multiple applications.

Virtual Assistants

\________ programs provide a quick and easy way to search or examine an entire computer system to help you find specific applications, data, or other files.

Search

\________ programs help solve the problem of running out of storage space by providing lists of application programs, stored videos, and other program files so that you can eliminate unused applications or archive large files elsewhere.

Store management

How can computers become infected with viruses?

opening attachments to emails, downloading files from web, & downloading software from the internet

What is a language translator?

A translator is a programming language processor that converts a computer program from one language to another

\________ are graphic representations for a program, type of file, or function.

Icons

Cell phone operating systems are a type of \________ operating system.

Embedded

What are network operating systems?

used to control & coordinate computers that are linked together, ex: windows server

What are stand-alone operating systems?

control a single desktop or laptop computer

\________ refers to the process whereby a single physical computer can support multiple operating systems.

Virtualization

Troubleshooting or \________ programs recognize and correct problems.

Diagnostic

Microsoft Windows 10 has the virtual assistant\___________

Cortana

All major operating systems offer \________ utilities to save a copy of your device's data.

Backup

In a virtualized environment, the operating system of each virtual machine is known as the \________ operating system.

Guest

What are antivirus programs and what are they used for?

Guard your computer against viruses or other damaging programs that can invade your computer system

What does the network server computer do in a network environment?

the network server computer coordinates all communications between other computers

The operating system is often referred to as the \__________ platform.

Software

When a single physical computer runs a special program known as virtualization software, it operates as though it were two or more separate and independent computers, known as \_________________.

Virtual Machines

Know about Google Chrome OS.

Integrates with web serves using cloud computing and storage to run applications & perform other functions

Know about Android.

developed by Google
based on the Linux operating system
used at the operating system for some of the most popular cellphones (Samsung Galaxy + Google Pixel)
(mobile)

With \_________ systems, output and input devices are located outside the system unit.

Desktop Systems

This type of computer is very similar to cell phones, although it is larger, heavier, and generally more powerful.

Tablet

A byte is formed by a group of \__________ bits.

8

Know the character encoding standards.

EBCDIC, ASCII and Unicode

What encoding standard allows characters and non-english letters to be displayed?

Unicode

What is another name for a system board?

Motherboard

On the motherboard, the connection points for the chips are known as \________?

Sockets

Tiny circuit boards etched onto squares of sandlike material, called silicon, are called \_______?

Chips

Integrated circuits typically are mounted on \________, which are then plugged into the system board.

Chip carriers

Know the functions of the control unit.

It directs the movement of electronic signals between memory and the arithmetic-logic unit.

Pathways that support communication among the various electronic components on the system board are called \________.

Bus Lines

In most personal computer systems, the CPU is contained on a single chip called the \________.

Microprocessor

Term used to describe the number of bits that a CPU can access at one time.

Word

A 32-bit-word computer can access \________ bytes at a time.

4

The processing speed of a microprocessor is typically represented by its \________.

Clock Speed

What are multicore processors?

Allows a computer to run two or more operations simultaneously

What are cryptoprocessors?

A type of specialty processor devoted exclusively to protecting your privacy.

What are coprocessors?

A type of specialty processor designed to improve specific computing operations such as displaying 3-D images and encrypting data.

What is cache memory used for?

To store the most frequently used data

What is virtual memory?

A memory where large programs are divided into parts and the parts are stored on a secondary device, usually a hard disk.

What is flash memory?

A memory type that offers a combination of the features of RAM and ROM

What are the commonly used units of measurement for memory capacity?

Nanobyte (NB)

When you reboot your system, the computer follows start-up instructions stored in this type of memory.

Flash

What are expansion slots on a system board used for?

To expand the system of the computer

What is a USB port and what are they used for?

Universal Serial Bus A port that can be used to connect several devices to the system unit and are widely used to connect keyboards, mice, printers, storage devices, and a variety of specialty devices.

What are HDMI ports and what are they used for?

High-Definition Multimedia Interface - provides high-definition video and audio.

Most desktop and laptop computers come with a standard set of ports for connecting \________, such as a monitor and keyboard.

Peripherals

What type of ports are commonly found on most laptops and desktops?

USB-A

Laptops typically use \________ that are typically located outside the system unit.

AC Adapters

The \________, also known as the system chassis, is a container that houses most of the electronic components that make up a computer system.

System Unit

\________, also known as mini notebooks, are lighter and thinner with longer battery life than most laptops.

Ultrabooks/Ultaportables

The \________ system consists of only two digits—0 and 1.

Binary

\________ operations consist of making comparisons.

Logical

A(n) \________-bit-word computer can access eight bytes of information at a time.

64

For multicore processors to be used effectively, computers must understand how to divide tasks into parts that can be distributed across each core—an operation called \________.

Parallel processing

\________ cards are used to connect a computer to a network.

Network Interface Cards (NIC)

\________ allow computers to be connected without cables.

Wireless Network Cards

What are system buses?

Connects the CPU to the memory on the system board.

The number of bits that can travel simultaneously down a bus is known as the bus \________.

Width

Know the different types of ports and their uses.

USB Ports: can be used to connect several devices to the system unit and are widely used to connect keyboards, mice, printers, storage devices, and a variety of specialty devices.HDMI: provides high definition video and audio, making it possible to use a computer as a video jukebox or an HD video recorder.Thunderbolt Ports: provide high-speed connections.Ethernet Ports: a high-speed networking port that has become a standard for many of today's computers.Mini DisplayPort (MiniDP or mDP): audiovisual ports used to connect large monitors.VGA (Video Graphic Adapter) and DVI (Digital Video Interface) Ports: provide connections to analog and digital monitors, respectively.FireWire Ports: provide high-speed connection to specialized FireWire devices such as camcorders and storage devices.

Desktop computers have a(n) \________ unit, located within the system unit, that plugs into a standard wall outlet, converts AC to DC, and provides the power to drive all the system unit components.

Power Supply

What is the ALU and what is it used for?

Arithmetic Operations: the fundamental math operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division).Logical Operations: consist of comparisons such as whether one item is \=,

What is the Control Unit and what is it used for?

Tells the rest of the computer system how to carry out a program's instructions. It directs the movement of electronic signals between memory, which temporarily holds data, instructions, and processed information, and the arithmetic-logic unit.

\________ is any data or instructions that are entered into a computer.

Input Device

The arrangement of keys on a keyboard, QWERTY reflects the keyboard layout by \________.

Taking the letters of the first six alphabetic characters found on the top rows of keys displaying letters.

Keyboards that include all the keys found on a typical virtual keyboard, as well as extra keys, such as function and navigation keys.

Traditional keyboards

Type of keyboard that uses a touch screen as the input device.

Virtual keyboards

A keyboard key, like Caps Lock, that turns a feature on or off is called a \________ key.

Toggle

This penlike device typically used with tablets and mobile devices.

Stylus

What is Ergonomics?

The study of human factors related to things people use.

These screens can be touched with more than one finger, which allows for interactions such as rotating graphical objects on the screen with your hand or zooming in and out by pinching and stretching your fingers.

Multitouch screens

Bar code readers use \________ embedded in them to read bar codes.

Photoelectric cells

This reading device is used in banks to read the numbers on the bottom of checks and deposit slips.

Magnetic-ink Character Recognition (MICR)

Which character recognition system is used for standardized multiple-choice testing?

Optical-mark recognition (OMR)

OMR, OCR, and MICR are all types of \________.

Character and mark recognition devices

\________-input devices convert sounds into a form that can be processed by the system unit.

Audio

The most widely used audio-input device is the \________.

Microphone

The series of dots that form the image on a monitor are called \________.

Pixels

This indicates the monitor's ability to display colors by comparing the light intensity of the brightest white to the darkest black.

Contrast ratio

The distance between each pixel is called \________.

Dot Pitch

The size, or \________, is measured by the diagonal length of a monitor's viewing area.

Activity display area

What is the aspect ratio of a display?

Indicates the proportional relationship between a display's width and height

A dedicated, mobile device for storing and displaying e-books and other electronic media including electronic newspapers and magazines.

E-book reader