PHL CO1

False

True or false: Metaphysical issues cut across all other branches of philosophy.

True

True or False: You don’t have to be a philosopher to ask philosophical questions

be a naturally curious and thoughtful person

What do you need to ask a philosophical question?

Philos

It is a Greek word that means love

Sophia/Sophos

A Greek word that means wisdom

love of wisdom

What is the meaning of Philosophy?

wise men and women, or sages

The earliest philosophers were considered as___________

They devoted themselves to asking “big questions”

Why are the earliest philosophers considered wise men and women or sages?

false

True or False: Philosophy comes from Greek words that means love of truth

Metaphysics

Epistemology

Axiology

Ethics

Aesthetics

Political Philosophy

Social Philosophy

Logic

Give 8 areas of Philosophy

Ionia, Anatolia

Where is the origin/birth of Philosophy?

Turkey

Anatolia is also known as ________ in present-day

Metaphysics

Study of what is sometimes termed “ultimate reality”

Metaphysics

It is an area of philosophy that raises questions about reality that go beyond sense experience and ordinary science.

True

True or False: Metaphysical questions involve free will, the mind–body relationship, supernatural existence, personal immortality, and the nature of being.

False

True or False: Axiology raises questions about reality that go beyond sense experience, beyond ordinary science

Epistemology

The branch of philosophy that asks questions about knowledge, its nature and origins, and whether it is even possible.

True

Epistemological questions involve standards of evidence, truth, belief, sources of knowledge, gradations of knowledge, memory, and perception.

Ethics

The study of moral problems, practical reasoning, right and wrong, good and bad, virtues and vices, character, moral duty, and related issues involving the nature, origins, and scope of moral values.

uncommon

Today, it is not ________ for ethicists to specialize in medical ethics, business ethics, environmental ethics, academic ethics, issues of ethnicity and gender, and the nature of the good life.

Ethical

_______ issues include benevolence, truth-telling, relativism, and universality.

Social and Political Philosophy

Branch of philosophy concerned with the nature and origins of the state (government), sovereignty, the exercise of power, etc…

Logic

Study of rules of correct reasoning

Axiology

study of values

Aesthethics

Branch of philosophy associated with the appreciation of beauty, art, and objects in general

Ontology

study of being and what it means to “exist”

values

Logic: rules of correct reasoning

Axiology: ______

Ontology

________: being and what it means to “exist”; Axiology: values

Thales of Miletus

Anaximander

Anaximenes

Anaxagoras

Heraclitus of Ephesus

Democritus

Empedocles

The 7 pre-socratic philosophers

False

True or false: The modern Greek philosophers saw the world around them and asked questions about it.

stars, music, and number systems

The early philosophers looked at the ______,__ _______,__ _____

\

Later philosophers

_______ philosophers focused entirely on conduct and ethics.

True

True or false: Instead of asking what made the world, __later philosophers asked what the best way to live was.__

conduct and ethics

What is the focus of the later philosophers?

Pre-Socratics

They introduced a new way of inquiring into the world and the place of human being in it.

Milesian School

What school practiced monism?

Monism

A belief which provides an explanation of the physical world.

Arche

A word that means the primary senses or “beginning”

Arche

It is the origin or source of action

False

True or false: Arche is the origin and the root of things that do not exist.

Arche

What is the ultimate underlying substance?

origin or source of action

principles of knowledge

ultimate underlying substance

__***Origin and the root of things that exist***__

4 definitions of arche aside from “beginning” and “primary senses”

Father of Science

Thales of Miletus is also known as _______ _________

Water

What is the arche according to Thales?

False

True or false: Fire is the arche according to Thales

Thales of Miletus

A pre-socratic philosopher that believed water is the material cause of all things.

finding the length of the sea

What is Thales of Miletus famous for?

Thales of Miletus

Who is the philosopher on the image?

Anaximander

According to this philosopher, infinity is the principle of all things.

Apeiron

What is the arche according to anaximander?

infinite

What is the translation of the word Apeiron?

True

True or false: According to Anaximander, the moon borrowed its light from the sun, which was made up of __***fire.***__

time

What does the pointer on the sundial tell?

Anaximander

Who invented the pointer on the sundial?

Anaximander

Who is this philosopher ?

Anaximenes

The philosopher who based his conclusion on the natural observable phenomena process of rarefraction and condensation.

Air

What is the arche according to Anaximenes?

Anaximenes

Who is this philosopher?

Anaxagoras

The philosopher who believed that there **were** __***no pure stuff in the universe but that everything shared a part of everything else.***__

Anaxagoras

Who is this philosopher?

Heraclitus of Ephesus

He is known as the obscure and weeping philosopher

False

True or false: Among the famous quotes of Anaximenes is the “No man ever steps in the same river twice”.

Heraclitus

He was famous for his insistence on ever-present change as being the fundamental essence of the universe.

ever-present change

According to Heraclitus, the fundamental essence of the universe is the ______________.

Heraclitus of Ephesus

Who is this philosopher?

Democritus

The philosopher whose theory is that everything is composed of “atoms”.

False

True or false: Atoms are physically, geometrically, indivisible

Democritus

Who is this philosopher?

Empedocles

He believed in the 4 elements; __*water, air, fire, and earth.*__

Water

Air

Fire

Earth

What are the 4 elements according to Empedocles?

Love and Strife

What are the two principles that Empedocles believes in?

Empedocles

Who is this philosopher?

\
Socrates

The philosopher who was executed as a traitor.

corrupting the youth of Athens

What is the second charge in Socrates’ trial?

True

True or False: Socrates attracted faithful and adoring admirers and was idolized by many young followers

Plato

Who is the influential philosopher that Socrates taught?

Aristotle

The student of Plato who became one of the most influential philosophers in Western History

Socrates

Who is this philosopher?

Socrates

Plato

Aristotle

Who are the 3 famous philosophers in Greek Golden Age?

Socratic method or dialectic

A style of philosophical inquiry perfected by Socrates

Socratic dialectic

It *consists of a series of guided questions that continually refine the ideas under scrutiny*.

True

True or false: In the Socratic method, definitions are required for all key terms, and logical inconsistencies are brought to light and resolved.

irony

What did Socrates used to encourage active listening by his pupils and dialectical partners.

Initial definition

Question that brings up an exception

New definition

What are the three steps in the Socratic Method?

Plato

He was a member of the Athenian aristocracy and *Socrates’ most famous and important pupil*.

Socrates’ trial and death

What convinced Plato that Athenian democracy was irrational mob rule?

False

True or false: Plato sees Athenian democracy as rational rule.

Plato

Who founded a famous academy to educate wise rulers?

Plato

Who is this philosopher?

True

true or false: Plato was born in a prominent and wealthy family in the city

Eudaimonia

Plato devoted his life in helping people reach “______”

36

How many books (all in dialogues) did Plato write?

False

true or false: Aristole is always allocated a starring role in Plato’s books.

The Republic

The Symposium

The Laws

The Meno

The Apology

Give 5 books of Plato where Socrates is allocated a starring role.

Think more

Let your lover change you

Decode the message of beauty

Reform society

According to Plato, what are the big 4 ideas for us to achieve fulfillment in life?

Theory of Forms

A theory which states that there is a template for everything in achieving something.

Aristotle

He is Plato’s most illustrious pupil and tutor of Alexander the Great.

True

True or false: Aristotle collected facts and used information instead of following Plato’s rationalistic approach.

False

true or false: Aristotle is an idealist

Naturalism

The belief that reality consists of the natural world and that the universe is ordered.