Test 4 Van Horn Old Testament

Job, Proverbs, Psalms, Megilloth, 1st and 2nd Chronicles, Nehemiah, and Daniel

The Writings, or Kethubim, make up how much of the last portion of the Hebrew Bible

one third

The Writings contain how many books?

eleven

What are the Megilloth scrolls?

Ruth, Esther, Ecclesiastes, Song of Songs, and Lamentations

What are the big 3 of the writings?

Job, Psalms, and Proverbs

The book of Job challenges what?

A narrow understanding and application of the Deuteronomic formula: righteousness brings blessing and sin brings curses.

Job’s family and lifestyle

one wife, seven sons, three daughters, servants, great wealth, and the greatest man of the east

Job’s character

inright (blameless), outright (lived honestly before others), upright (feared God), downright (turned from evil)

Job attended to his own ______ first and foremost

piety

Job sought to _________ his children, sanctifying them with his reverence.

cover

Job worshipped and blessed the Lord even in the face of _____ ________

bad news

Job ________ his integrity even when he was sick

integrity

what was Job’s first soliloquy?

Chapter 3, “erase the days of my conception”, “I wish I had never been born”. Intensified his suffering.

Eliphaz, Job’s friend

used revelation as a source of theology, mystical in the character of theology, and moved from courteous to more direct

Bildad, Job’s friend

used research as a source of theology, traditional in the character of theology, and moved from direct to blunt

Zophar, Job’s friend

used reason as a source of theology, dogmatic in the character of theology, and was sharp and harsh

What did Job call his friends?

deceitful brooks, worthless physicians, miserable comforters, and have not spoken what is right

what is the main message of Job?

\
A person can deal with the worst this life has to offer if their faith in the Lord is strong. Our desire for the presence of God in our lives should be so strong that all else (including negative things) pale in comparison. Everything is manageable if God is with us.

The book of psalms is a collection of _____ smaller books

five

Who pioneered on classifying the psalms by type?

Herman Gunkel, a German scholar

Liturgical Psalms

have to do with rites of worship (Torah and Nevi’im)

Royal Psalms

used for special services for the king

Individual Laments

largest class of psalms. Used in personal \n and corporate worship when individuals sought \n deliverance from personal tragedy or problems

Communal Laments

Prayers of petition to God to bring \n deliverance to the community when faced with siege, \n famine, epidemic, warfare, or other dangers.

Hymns of Praise

Second largest class of psalms. Individual & Communal, characterized by use of the word “Hallelujah”. Songs of Zion and Enthronement psalms.

David wrote how many psalms?

73

Asaph wrote how many psalms?

12

Sons of Korah wrote how many psalms?

10

Solomon wrote how many Psalms?

2

Moses wrote how many psalms?

1

Heman wrote how many psalms?

1

Ethan wrote how many psalms?

1

How many psalms are anonymous?

50 (1/3)

simple parallelism -- synonymous or reiterative

2nd line restates the 1st line

simple parallelism -- specifying psalms

2nd line specifies or clarifies a general statement in the 1st line

simple parallelism -- Complementary psalms

the 2nd line completes the 1st line

simple parallelism -- Explanatory psalms

2nd line gives reason for the 1st line

simple parallelism -- progressive or consequential psalms

2nd line advances the thought of the 1st line in some way

simple parallelism -- comparative psalms

2nd line completes a comparison started in the 1st line

simple parallelism -- contrastive psalms

2nd line contrasts the 1st line in some way

T/F: Rhyme is not important in Hebrew poetry, but parallelism is

True

why are the psalms considered prayers?

\
* prayers are expressions of our thoughts to God
* Prayers express human emotions to God
* Prayers are deliberate externalizings of our inner-most struggles and strengths
* Prayers are a form of self-awareness of God

What is Psalm 1 classified as?

It is classified as a wisdom psalm

Why is Psalm 1 a wisdom Psalm?

it contrasts the way of a wise man and a foolish man.

Psalm 1:1, what does the wise man NOT do?

* he does not walk in the counsel of the ungodly (exposure to their doctrine)
* he does not stand in the way of sinners (consideration of their doctrine)
* he does not sit in the seat of scoffers (acceptance of their doctrine)

Psalm 1:2, What the wise man DOES do

* he delights in the law (Torah) of the Lord (exposure to God’s doctrine)
* He meditates on the Torah day and night (consideration and acceptance of God’s doctrine)

Results of Godliness Psalm 1:3, what will the godly be like?

* the godly will be like a tree
* planted by streams of water (constancy)
* yields fruits in its season (fruitfulness)
* leaf does not whither (beauty)
* prospers in all things (success)
* \

the word “prospers” renders the Hebrew word ______

“zalach”, meaning to thrive

True success, in terms of Psalm 1 looks like

advancing in the things of the Lord, not reduced to a monetary or materialistic idea

How are the ungodly described in Psalm 1:4?

* refers to people who break God’s law and/or man’s laws
* Emphatic in Hebrew: “Not so the wicked!”
* Unlike the Godly who are compared to a tree, thewicked are compared to chaff, the empty huskafter the grain has been winnowed; the winddrives it away (no value, no stability, no good)

T/F the Hebrew word “resha’im” means “wicked ones” or criminals

True

Unlike the Godly who are compared to a tree, the wicked are compared to ____, the empty husk after the grain has been winnowed; the wind drives it away (no value, no stability, no good)

chaff

verdict for the wicked ones in Psalm 1

* When God judges who is worthy to worship \n Him in His congregation, only those who \n delight in His Law will be approved
* the ungodly will be separated from the godly people by God in his time
* they will be declared guilty and judged by God

Psalm 1:5 is an example of what type of parallelism?

synthetic or progressive parallelism whereby the second line advances the first line

In Psalm 1:5, the “congregation of the righteous” probably referred to what?

those who could worship Yahweh in the temple, but with the passing of time has been applied to those who will go to heaven

Psalm 1:6 is a great example of what type of parallelism?

contrastive parallelism ( for the LORD knows\* the way of the righteous, but the way of the wicked will perish)

The word “knows” in Psalm 1:6 derives from the Hebrew word “yada” and carries the idea of what?

experiencing. So the Lord experiences the way of the righteous, but in contrast he chooses not to experience the way of the wicked but rather to terminate it.

Psalm 23

The Shepherd’s Psalm

Psalm 51

David’s psalm of repentance after his affair with Bathsheba

Psalm 32

David rejoicing over being forgiven

Psalm 90

Moses’ psalm

Psalm 119

The Great Torah Psalm

Psalm 150

The great praise Psalm

The longest psalm

Psalm 119

What is psalm 119?

* an acrostic psalm with each of the 22 verses of the Hebrew alphabet starting at 8 consecutive verses
* designed for memorizing and teaching
* celebrates and encourages following God’s Torah, statues, ordinances, precepts, words, commandments, and decrees.

What is the shortest psalm?

Psalm 117, it has 2 verses

What does psalm 117 call for?

it calls for the goyim (non- Jewish nations) and ’ummim (peoples) to \n praise the LORD because His chesed (covenant love) is strong over us and the truth of the Lord is forever.

which two different words are used for praise in psalm 117?

Hallelujah (to praise the lord) and Shavbechuyah (to praise, glorify, congratulate)

What does David praise God for in psalm 117?

his strong chesed or covenant love and his enduring truth

what does psalm 150 emphasize

Praising the lord

How many times is praise used in Psalm 150?

it is used 13 times in 6 verses

The last and first word in psalm 150 is

Hallelujah

what is wisdom literature (4 pts)?

* it is scholar’s category for Job, certain Psalms, Proverbs, and Ecclesiastes
* wisdom literature is focused on instruction and pedagogy, particularly of young men
* oriented toward those who wanted to live moral and productive lives
* designed to offer help in how to live life, how to think, how to cope, and how to succeed

How did Principal Wheeler Robinson describe OT wisdom as?

“the discipline whereby was taught the application of prophetic truth to the individual life in the light of experience”

Characteristics of a wise life (3 pts)

* A life of discipline in all areas
* a life conformed to prophetic truth by applying God’s revealed word to our individual lives and situations
* A life aware of the experiences of those who have gone before us (avoiding their pitfalls and enjoying their successes) whereby we learn from their mistakes and build on their success

T/F A/ F. Walls wrote, “But the proverbs in this book are not so much popular sayings as the distillation of the wisdom of teachers who know the law of God and were applying its principles to the whole of life”

True

Proverbs defined (4 pts)

* short pithy sayings about life
* distilled wisdom
* sound bites for living a godly life (Dr. V’s)
* Advice for being successful in God’s eyes

What real life issues are covered in Proverbs?

Money, sex, work, parent-child relationships, reaction to enemies, business transactions

The title “Proverbs” comes from the Hebrew word _______

Meshalim. A proberb is an Authoritative comparison

Meshalim means what?

to compare or to rule

THeme for proverbs is found in what verse?

Proverbs 1:7, “the fear of the Lord is the beginning of knowledge; fools despise wisdom and instruction”

what is the purpose of proverbs?

to increase the number of wise people and to decrease the number of foolish people in the world

7 specific purposes of proverbs in 1:2-6

* to experience (know) wisdom and instruction (discipline) 1:2a
* to perceive (to cause to understand) sayings of understanding 1:2b
* to receive the discipline of skull (causing to prosper), righteousness and justice, uprightness (1:3)
* to give prudence to the simple 1:4a
* to give to a young man knowledge and discretion 1:4b
* to increase traditional teaching 1:5a
* to aid in the acquisition of common sense (knowing the ropes) 1:5b

most biblical proverbs take the form of what?

couplets containing parallel members, called the “A'-line” and the “B-line” (the B line completes the thought of the A line)

Outline of Proverbs

* 1:1-7 the purpose of proverbs
* 1:8-9:18 the pursuit of wisdom
* 10:1-22:16 the proverbs of Solomon
* 22:17-24:34 the prosperous approach to life
* 25:1-29:27 the proverbs preserved by Hezekiah’s men
* 30:1-33 the personal observations of Agur
* 31:1-9 the prevention of perversion for Lemuel
* 31:10-31 The preciousness of a good wife

Who wrote Proverbs?

Solomon is considered to be the primary author of most proverbs. Others include “the wise”. Agur son of Jakeh wrote proverbs 30, and King Lemuel’s mother wrote proverbs 31.

In ancient Israel, school was mostly reserved for ______

males

Meaning of “my sons” in proverbs

it was a stereotypical way a teacher would address his class of all-male students

How often was “my son” and “my sons” used in Proverbs?

Plural 4x, (4:1, 5:7, 7:24, 8:32) and singular 23x (1:8, 10, 15; 2:1; 3:1, 11, 21; 4:10, 20, etc.)

5 types of fools in proverbs

* the simpleton -- the gullible, silly, decievable (peti=”open-headed”, 1:4)
* the fathed - stupid fellow, dullard, thick (kesil = sluggish, brick-head, 1:22)
* The fool - Despises wisdom, mocks at guilt (evil = quarrelsom, the kesil hardens into this)
* the arrogant - heightened degree of evil (chasar leb - lacking heart, moral and religious insensitivity)
* the scoffer - trouble maker, malignant (lez = scornful, set to sin)

Peti

simpleton

Kesil

fathead

Evil

the fool

Chasar Leb

Arrogant

Lez

The scoffer

T/F: Wisdom is described in Proverbs 1-9 as a MAN calling out in the market place, offering peace and security to an unresponsive crowd

FALSE. Wisdom is described as a woman

Wisdom is described as more precious than what?

Wisdom is described as more precious than silver, gold, or jewels (3:13-20)

Wisdom is a ________, she has built her house on seven pillars

housebuilder (9:1-6)

Wisdom

general acquaintance with the way, will, and word of God

Understanding

the specific application of wisdom to everyday living

prudence

being able to discern your enemy’s plans