GEC 102 Readings in Philippine History - First QT

History

comes from the Greek word “Historie” or “Historia” which means learning, inquiry, and/or investigation

Greek words “Historie” or “Historia”

means learning, inquiry, investigation

What word did History come from? What do they mean

History

branch of the social sciences that deals with the systematic study of significant past*

significant past

only past events which has affected the political, cultural, social and economic aspects of the society or of the lives of the people

history

a branch of knowledge that records and explains past events and which concerns people and human nature

history

centers on the systematic* study of people and the society

• To know more about the roots of our current culture

• To learn about human nature by looking at trends that repeat through history

Why Study History?

past

involves everything that hapepned since the dawn of time

history

the process of interpreting evidence from the past in an informed way

history

the record of significant events

prehistory

the period of human activity before the writing system’s invention

history

a chronology used to study past events

historicity

the documentation of characters in history, as opposed to legend or myth

historiography

the writing of history, and the understanding of how the interpretations of historians change over time

20th century

when was Herstory invented

Herstory

means history that is written from a feminist perspective, emphasizing the role of women or told from a woman’s point of view

Historical Research

consists of the techniques by which historians use primary sources and other evidence

• to illustrate and assess the events of the past

• to acknowledge the present

• precede possible future effects

3 PURPOSE OF HISTORICAL RESEARCH

HISTORICAL RESEARCH

involves the careful study and analysis of data about past events

Historial Research

involves critical investigation of events, their development, experiences of past

historical research

its purpose is to gain a clearer understanding of the impact of past on present & future events related to life

historical research

involves the review of written materials but may include oral documentation as well

• involves the careful study and analysis of data about past events

• critical investigation of events, their development, experiences of past

• the purpose is to gain a clearer understanding of the impact of past on present & future events related to life

• involves the review of written materials but may include oral documentation as well

4 Characteristics of Historical Research

Cyclical History (loop)

Linear View of History (moving forward in a line)

Great God View of History (prehistoric attempt to describe origin)

Great Man View of History (dominant personalities make history)

Best People View of History (only the elite make history)

Ideas/Great Mind View of History (people’s ideas make history)

Human Nature View of History (human nature make history)

Gender History (from POV of gender)

Post Modern View of History (no purpose in history)

9 Theories of History + Short Definition

cyclical history

Pertains to how history is a loop

Machiavelli

Arnold Toynbee

Petrarch

Oswalder Spengler

Thucydides

Herodotus

(Mnemonic: MAPOTH)

5 Contributors to Cyclical History

Linear View of History

implies the acceptance or subscription to linear time

Linear View of History

views that history is progressive, moving forward and not havinga cyclical return

The Great God View of History

most prehistoric attempts to describe the origin and improvement of the world

The Great God View of History

do not have scientific validity

Example: Genesis, making of heaven and earth with all its features creatures to a Lord

Example of Great God View of History

Great Man View of History

suggests that dominant personaltiies determine the course of history

rulers, warriors, statesmen are the decisive forces of history

According to the Great Man View of History, who are the decisive forces of history?

Great Man View of History

According to this theory of history, history is the record of great people’s deeds

Best People View of History

believes that some elite, the best race, alone making history

Example: Israelites, Greek, Slave-holding aristocracy

Examples of Elites accd. to Best People View of History

Ideas or the Great Mind View of History

the driving force in history is people’s ideas

Human Nature View of History

believes that history has been determined by the qualities of human nature

human nature

regarded as rigid and unchanging

Gender History

looks at the past from the perspective of gender

Gender History

considers in what ways historical events and periodization impact women differently from men

Gender History

interested in how gender difference has been perceived and configured at different times and places

Herstory

An example of Gender History

Post Modern View of History

sees no ultimate purpose in history

primary Sources

source of information about a topic, event, person, or object

primary Sources

created or narrated by participants nearly after the event’s occurrence and gave

Secondary Sources

material written to interpret, discuss, analyze, and comment on a primary source

Newspaper or magazine articles, journal articles, essays, textbooks, summaries, reports, reviews, commentaries, and biographies

Examples of Secondary Sources

External Criticism

refers to the authenticity/genuineness of the documents

External Criticism

the practice of verifying the authenticity of evidence by examining its physical characteristics:

Internal Criticism

refers to the accuracy of the contents of the documents and has to do with what the paper says

original documents, creative works, relics and artifacts

examples of primary sources

Tertiary Sources

are sources that index, abstract, organize, compile, or digest other sources.

• almanacs

• abstracts

• dictionaries

• encyclopedias

• handbooks

Examples of Tertiary Sources

an Italian scholar and explorer from the Republic of Venice

Antonio Pigafetta

Antonio Pigafetta

He travelled with the Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan and his crew on their First Voyage around the world, He was one of the 18 men who returned to Spain in 1522. 

1491

When was Antonio Pigafetta born?

ANTONIO PIGAFETTA

Who studied as a astronomy and geography in Venice?

March 31, 1521 (Eastern Sunday)

What date did the First Catholic Mass take place in the Philippines?

Father Pedro de Valderrama

He held the first mass at Southern Leyte, the popularly known as the birthplace of the Church in the Philippines?

Southern Leyte

 popularly known as the birthplace of the Church in the Philippines

Holy First Mass

marked the birth of Roman Catholicism in the Philippines.

• Roman -

What Catholicism marked the First Holy Mass in the Philippines?

• 1872 -

In what year that the First Mass on the Philippines was erected in Butuan?

1953

The people in Butuan asked the Philippine Historical Committee to rehabilitate the monument or place a marker on the site.

• Zaide -

Who knew that the First Mass in the Philippines was in Masao in Butuan?

What did Zaide use as a basis?

The Diary of Antonio Pigafetta, Chronicle of Magellan’s Voyage

Chronicle of Magellan’s Voyage

Diary of Antonio Pigafetta

• Limasawa -

Where the first mass was celebrated?

Mazua -

James Robertson agreed with Pastells in a footnote that _____ was in Limasawa?

National Historical Commission of the Philippines

“NHCP” stands for?

Francisco Albo

pilot of Magellan’s flagship

A mountain that overlooked three islands, the west, and the southwest

Where did they first erect a cross?

NHI

forerunner of the NHCP, through two panels of experts: the first led by former Supreme Court Justice Emilio Gancayco in 1995 and the second by historian Benito Legarda in 2008.

Cebu City -

In which city did the 500th anniversary take place?

Emilio Gancayco (1995) and Benito Legarda (2008)

Who is the two panel experts that lead in the Supreme Court of Justice?

Settle Long time Disputes on the Issue

-Mayor Melchor Petracorta said he and his constituents were pleased that the NHCP stood by History. What hopeful decision he would?

Resil Mojares

Who led the recent panel whom made the recommendation of Limasawa?

Fr. Johnrey Sibi -

Who is the head of the Limasawa Commission?

Rolando Borrinaga

Who is the researcher and presentor of Limasawa before the panel of experts in the NHCP?

A week before Limasawa marks its 37th founding anniversary on August 27

When was the ruling in Limasawa made?

August 27

When is the anniversary of Limasawa

National Quincentennial Committee (NQC) -

What committee that the appropriated funds and provided panel have a pertinent document?

Nancy Codex -

It was a copy where Pigafetta reworked some of his text to entice sponsors to publish his manuscript for the use of future explorers?

Raleigh Ashlin Skelton

Who translated the Nancy Codex

Albo’s Logbook

Pigafetta’s testimony regarding the route

Pigafetta’s map

The two native kings

Seven Days at Mazaua

An argument from an omission

Summary of the evidence of Albo & Pigafetta

Confirmatory evidence from the Legazpi expedition

8 Evidences of Limasawa

Name of Place

Route from Homonhon

Latitude position

Bonfire

Balanghai

House

Abundance of Gold

A developed settlement

8 Evidences for Butuan Masao

Document

Rizal retracted his anti-Catholic ideas through

No Catholic marriage of Rizal, The document was a forgery

2 Doubts regarding Rizal’s retraction document

Ricardo Pascual, Rafael Palma, Frank Laubach, Austin Coates, Ricardo Manapat

Deniers of the Retraction Document

Nick Joaquin, Nicolas Zafra, Leon Maria Guerrero III, Gregorio Zaide, Guillermo Gomez Rivera, Ambeth Ocampo, John Schumacher, Antonio Molina, Paul Dumol, Austin Craig

People who believe the retraction document as authentic.

Teodoro Kalaw

a 33rd degree Mason who judged the writings of Rizal, especially the retraction document, and believed it to be authentic.

Eleven

How many eyewitnesses do Historians refer to when Rizal wrote his retraction, signed a Catholic prayer book, and recited Catholic prayers.

Marciano Guzman

cited that Rizal’s 4 confessions were certified by five eyewitnesses, ten ten qualified witnesses, seven newspapers, and 12 historians and writers, including Aglipayan bishops, Masons, and anti

Dec 30, 1896

When was the La Voz Española and Diaro de Manila published?

Dec 31, 1896

When did the El Imparcial (short formula) appear?

Feb 14, 1897

When did the La Juventud (anonymous, later Fr. Balaguer) appear?

May 18, 1935

When was the original text Rediscovered by Fr. Manuel Garcia after 39 years.

Barcelona, Spain

Where did the second text appear in the fortnightly magazine in La Juventud?

Senor Fresno, and Senor Moure

According to Father Balaguer, the retraction was signed together with Dr. Rizal by __ and ___.