• Consists of the scapula and clavicle. • Connects the upper extremities to the axial skeleton.
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clavicle
• Located posterosuperior to the rib cage. • Consists of an acromial (lateral) end and a sternal (medial) end. • Also known as a collarbone.
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acromial end
The lateral end of the collarbone.
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sternal end
• The medial end of the collarbone. • The end is rounded.
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scapula
• Located posterior to the ribcage. • Also known as a shoulder blade.
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s
The most superior point of the scapula.
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medial border
The border of the scapula most medial to the midline.
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inferior angle
The most inferior point of the scapula.
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lateral border
The border of the scapula most lateral to the midline.
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subscapular fossa
A depression or basin located on the anterior side of the scapula.
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supraspinous fossa
A depression or basin located on the posterior side of the scapula and superior to its spine.
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infraspinous fossa
A depression or basin located on the posterior side of the scapula and inferior to its spine.
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spine (scapula)
• A prominent ridge passing across the upper portion of the scapula on the posterior side. • Separates the depression of the scapula on the posterior side into supraspinous and infraspinous fossae.
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acromion
• An extension of the scapula that forms the point of the shoulder. • Attached to the spine of the scapula on the posterior side. • Posterosuperior to the lateral border and coracoid process.
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coracoid process
• The part of the scapula that stabilizes the shoulder joint. • Superior to the glenoid cavity on the anterior side of the scapula.
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glenoid cavity
• A socket of the scapula that articulates with the humerus. • Located inferior to the coracoid process and on the lateral side of the anterior scapula.
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humerus
Also known as an upper arm bone.
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head (humerus)
• The superior part of the humerus. • Located on the proximal end of the humerus facing medially. • Articulates with the glenoid cavity of scapula.
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anatomical neck
An imaginary border that identifies the head of the humerus.
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greater tubercle
• The larger rounded process of the humerus. • Located on the proximal end of the humerus.
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lesser tubercle
• The smaller rounded process of the humerus. • Located on the proximal end of the humerus.
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intertubercular groove
• The groove between the greater and lesser tubercles of the humerus. • Also known as the bicipital groove.
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surgical neck
• An imaginary border that identifies the proximal epiphysis of the humerus. • Signifies where most fractures of the humerus occur.
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deltoid tuberosity
• A raised area on the lateral surface of the diaphysis of the humerus. • Where the deltoid muscles attach.
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lateral epicondyle (humerus)
The bump on the lateral side of the distal epiphysis of the humerus.
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radial fossa
• A small depression found superior to the capitulum on the anterolateral side of the humerus. • Receives the anterior border of the head when the forearm is flexed.
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capitulum
• A smooth, rounded eminence on the lateral epicondyle of the humerus. • Adjacent to the trochlea.
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medial epicondyle (humerus)
The bump on the medial side of the distal epiphysis of the humerus.
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coronoid fossa
• A small depression found superior to the trochlea on the anteromedial side of the humerus. • Receives the coronoid process of the ulna when the forearm is flexed.
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trochlea
• A cylindrical structure on the medial epicondyle of the humerus. • Adjacent to the capitulum.
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olecranon fossa
• A triangular depression found on the posterior side of the distal epiphysis of the humerus. • Superior to the trochlea (posterior view).
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radius
The lateral bone of the forearm.
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head (radius)
Found proximal to the neck and radial tuberosity of the radius.
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neck (radius)
A narrowed region between the distal radial tuberosity and proximal head of the radius.
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radial tuberosity
A prominent bump on the medial side of the radius distal from the head and neck.
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ulnar notch (radius)
• A smooth area at the distal and medial end of the radius. • Articulates with the head of the ulna.
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styloid process (radius)
A bony projection at the distal and lateral end of the radius.
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ulna
The medial bone of the forearm.
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olecranon process
• A bony projection at the proximal end of the ulna. • Forms a u-shaped curve that can be used to identify the ulna.
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coronoid process
A triangular projection at the proximal end of the ulna on its anterior side.
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radial notch (ulna)
• A depression on the lateral side of the proximal end of the ulna. • Articulates with the head of the radius.
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head (ulna)
The distal end of the ulna.
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styloid process (ulna)
A bony projection at the distal and medial end of the ulna.
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carpals
• The eight bones of the wrist. • Includes the scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform, hamate, capitate, trapezoid, and trapezium.
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scaphoid
The carpal bone that is most lateral in the proximal row.
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lunate
The carpal bone that is immediately medial to the scaphoid in the proximal row.
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triquetrum
The carpal bone that is immediately medial to the lunate in the proximal row.
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pisiform
The carpal bone that is most medial in the proximal row.
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hamate
The carpal bone that is most medial in the distal row.
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capitate
The carpal bone that is immediately lateral to the hamate in the distal row.
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trapezoid
The carpal bone that is immediately lateral to the capitate in the distal row.
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trapezium
The carpal bone that is most lateral in the distal row.
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metacarpals
• The five bones of the palms. • Labelled I-V accordingly for each finger, starting with the thumb (I) and ending with the pinky (V). • Distal to the carpals.
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phalanges
• The bones of the extremities (fingers and toes). • Labelled I-V accordingly for each finger, starting with the thumb or big toe (I) and ending with the pinky or pinky toe (V). • Labelled distal, middle, or proximal accordingly.
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proximal phalanx
The bone of the extremities that are most proximal.
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middle phalanx
• The bone of the extremities that are between the proximal and distal phalanges. • Absent in phalanges I (thumb and big toe).
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distal phalanx
The bone of the extremities that are most distal.
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pelvic girdle
• Composed of the coxal bones, sacrum, and coccyx. • Connects the lower extremities to the vertebral column. • Also known as the pelvis.
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coxal bone
• Composed of the ilium, ischium, and pubis. • Also known as os coxae (plural, ossa coxae) or a hip bone.
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acetabulum
• A socket of the coxal bone formed by the ilium, ischium, and pubis. \n • Found on the lateral side of the coxal bone.
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obturator foramen
An opening in the coxal bone formed by the pubis and ischium.
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ilium
• The superior portion of the coxal bone. • Composed of the iliac spines, a fossa, a crest, and the greater sciatic notch.
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iliac crest
The superior border of the ilium and coxal bone.
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iliac fossa
The large depression on the medial side of the ilium.
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anterior superior iliac spine
• The superior projection found at the anterior side of the ilium. • Ipsilateral to the pubis.
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anterior inferior iliac spine
• The inferior projection found at the anterior side of the ilium. • Ipsilateral to the pubis.
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posterior superior iliac spine
• The superior projection found at the posterior side of the ilium. • Ipsilateral to the ischium.
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posterior inferior iliac spine
• The inferior projection found at the posterior side of the ilium. • Ipsilateral to the ischium. • Superior to the greater sciatic notch.
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greater sciatic notch
• Found on the ilium. • Inferior to the posterior inferior iliac spine and superior to the ischial spine of the ischium.
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ischium
• The inferior and posterior part of the coxal bone. • Composed of a notch, a tuberosity, the lesser sciatic notch, and a ramus.
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ischial spine
• A projection found on the posterior portion of the ischium. • Inferior to the greater sciatic notch of the ilium and superior to the lesser sciatic notch.
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lesser sciatic notch
• Found on the ischium. • Inferior to the ischial spine and superior to the ischial tuberosity.
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ischial tuberosity
• A prominent bump best seen on the lateral side of the coxal bone. • Inferior to the lesser sciatic notch.
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ischial ramus
A narrow, horizontal portion of the ischium that articulates with the pubis.
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pubis
• The inferior and anterior part of the coxal bone. • Consists of two rami.
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superior pubic ramus
• A narrow, vertical or oblique portion of the pubis that articulates with the ilium.
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inferior pubic ramus
• A narrow, horizontal portion of the pubis that articulates with the ischium.
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femur
Also known as the thigh bone.
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head (femur)
• The medial projection of the proximal epiphysis of the femur. • Articulates with the acetabulum of the coxal bone. • Contains the fovea capitis.
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fovea capitis
A pit in the head of the femur.
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neck (femur)
• The stem of the head on the femur. • Partitions the head from the rest of the femur.
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greater trochanter
• A bony prominence on the proximal lateral side of the femur. • Opposite to the head of the femur.
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lesser trochanter
A bony prominence immediately inferior to the neck of the femur.
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gluteal tuberosity
• A ridge superior to the linea aspera on the posterior and lateral side of the femur. • Articulates with the gluteus maximus muscle.
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linea aspera
A ridge on the diaphysis of the femur.
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lateral epicondyle (femur)
The bump on the lateral side of the distal epiphysis of the femur.
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lateral condyle (femur)
A projection on the lateral epicondyle of the femur on its posterior.
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medial epicondyle (femur)
The bump on the medial side of the distal epiphysis of the femur.
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medial condyle (femur)
A projection on the medial epicondyle of the femur on its posterior.
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intercondylar fossa
The depression between the condyles of the femur on its posterior.
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patellar surface
• A depression between the epicondyles of the femur on its anterior. • Articulates with the patella (kneecap).
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tibia
The medial and larger bone of the lower leg.
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intercondylar eminence
One of the two projections on the proximal end of the tibia.
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medial condyle (tibia)
The medial portion of the proximal end of the tibia.
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lateral condyle (tibia)
The lateral portion of the proximal end of the tibia.
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tibial tuberosity
• A bony prominence directly inferior to the proximal epiphysis of the tibia on its anterior side. • Articulates with the patellar ligament.
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anterior crest
• A ridge on the anterior side of diaphysis of the tibia that can be palpated. • Also known as the anterior border of the tibia.
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medial malleolus
A process on the distal epiphysis of the tibia that is most medial.
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fibula
The lateral and smaller bone of the lower leg.
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head (fibula)
The proximal end of the fibula that articulates with the tibia.
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Flashcard (36)