Module 3: Health in Canada

What are 5 leading causes of infant death in Canada?

1. immaturity

2. structural or functional birth defects

3. lack of oxygen

4. infection

5. SIDS

in 2023, the infant mortality rate for Canada was __ deaths per thousand live births

4.6

the death rate for infants and young children in the Indigenous community is approximately __ to __ times the general Canadian rate

1.5 to 4

what is the current life expectancy?

82.66 years

what was the life expectancy in the 1950’s?

68.29 years

what was the leading cause of death in Canada in both the 1920’s and 2019?

• 1920: cardiovascular and renal diseases

• 2019: cancer

define infant mortality

death of an infant before their first birthday

define the infant mortality rate

number of infant deaths for every 1000 births

what province had the highest rate per 1,000 births in 2019?

Nunavut

what province had the lowest rate per 1,000 births in 2019?

British Columbia

define the OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development)

international organization for countries committed to democracy and market economies

tuberculosis is defined as an infectious disease caused by the bacterium __ __?

mycobacterium tuberculosis

how is TB currently viewed?

as a disease of poverty

constitution act 1867: provinces responsible for (3)?

1. hospitals

2. asylums

3. charities

when was the Federal Department of Health created?

1919

what year did Saskatchewan introduce a provincial universal hospital care plan?

1947

Federal Hospital Insurance and Diagnostic Services Act: __

1957

Federal Hospital Insurance and Diagnostic Services Act: cost-shares ½  of __ and __ costs for hospitals and diagnostic services

provincial and territorial 

Saskatchewan introduces a provincial medical insurance plan in __?

1962

When was the Federal Medical Care Act?

1966

What year was the Federal-Provincial Fiscal Arrangements and Established Programs Financing Act?

1977

What year was the Canada Health Act established?

1984

WHat was the purpose of the 2003 Accord on Health Care Renewal?

increased federal cash transfers to provinces

2004 A 10-Year Plan to Strengthen Health Care: what was the priorities of this plan (4)?

1. wait times management

2. health human resources

3. Aboriginal health

4. national pharmaceutical strategy  

What yyear is the patient wait time garantee?

2007

health is lagrely funded __ through taxes?

publicly

most health services are provided by private enterprises, around __%

75%

Regional or Provincial/Territorial Health Authorities help cover some services that are not covered under __?

governments or ministries of health

Federal Government transfers __ to Provincial/Territorial Governments

payments

Ministers of Health and Respective Departments negotiate with (2)?

1. provincial/territorial medical associations

2. health professional unions

define the Canada Health Act

sets the primary objective of the Canadian Health Care Policy, which is to protect and promote the physical and mental well-being of residents of Canada

what are the five criteria and conditions for provincial insured health services?

1. public administration

2. comprehensive

3. universality

4. portability

5. accessibility

what are the two(three) conditions for provincal insured health services?

1. information

2. recognition

3. no extra bills/charges fir insured services

only __% of Canadian’s healthcare needs are covered by Medicare

70%

healthcare eats __% of taxes

50%

__ and __ decide what counts as ‘necessary’ services?

provinces and territories 

what is the largest proportion of expenses by province?

hospital services (69.9%)

government health spending has __ economic growth

outstripped

define disease burden

impact of health problems measured by factors such as cost, mortality and morbidity

what are some examples of negatives of Canadian Healthcare (6)?

1. increasing obesity rates

2. increase of opioid crisis

3. supply of physicians and nurses low and uneven

4. long wait/access times

5. lack of system integration

What are the top performing countries according to the findings of the OECD countries by GDP (3)?

1. norway

2. the Netherlands

3. Australia

Where was Canada ranked in Health Care System Performance Scores Affordability?

9th

What were the top 4 performing countries according to their health care process?

1. New Zélande

2. USA

3. the Netherlands

4. Canada

What were the top three performing countries according to their healthcare equity AND healthcare outcomes and where did Canada rank?

1. Australia

2. Germany

3. Switzerland

Canada: 10th

what were the top 4 performing countries according to their administrative efficiency and where was Canada ranked?

1. Norway

2. Australia

3. New Zeland

4. UK

Canada: 7th

What countries are most likely to visit the ER?

Canada & USA

When compared with OECD countries of similar GDP, Canada ranks low in certain areas, including (5):

1. infant mortality rates

2. prevalence of chronic illness

3. long wait times

4. poor availability of after-hours care

5. a lack of prescription drugs and dental coverage

What are some specific healthcare challenges in Saskatchewan (4)?

1. recruitment

2. physical dispersion and land mass

3. rural and remote communities access

4. discrimination and differential access/treatment