marine biology 2

primary producer

organism that manufactures organic matter from carbon dioxide, usually by photosynthesis

98

marine microbes make up __% of biomass

20-200

viruses are ___ nm (size)

marine amoebas

where do viruses live

bacteriophages

viruses that specifically target and destroy bacteria

dissolved organic matter

what does dom stand form

archaea and bacteria

what domain(s) are prokaryotes

eukaryotes

are archaea more closely related to bacteria or eukaryotes

stromatolites

fossil remains of cyanobacteria

cyanobacteria

among the first first photosynthetic organisms on earth

chloroplast and mitohondria

what organelles evolved from symbiotic bacteria

1

you can only culture __% or less of microbes in a lab

protists

what eukaryote contains unicellular algae and unicellular animals

plant-like

unicellular algae (protists)

protozoan-like

unicellular animals (protists)

no

do unicellular algae have true leaves, stems, roots, flowers

protista

unicellular algae kingdom

diatomaceous ooze

biogenic sediment from diatoms

frustule

silica shell of diatoms

heterotrophs

are protozoans autotrophs or heterotrophs

ciliates

which protozoan doesn’t secrete a hard shell

nonliving

are viruses living or nonliving

no

are viruses in any of the three domains

no

do prokaryotes have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles

extreme environments

where were archaea first known to be

1000

archaea are common in marine environments >____ meters from the surface

bobtail squid

organism with bioluminescent symbiotic bacteria

diatoms

what microbe is cleaned and used to make microscopic art

cellulose

what is the cell wall made of in dinoflagellates

2

how many flagella do dinoflagellates have

zooxanthellae

what is an example of a dinoflagellate

foraminiferans

protozoan with a calcium carbonate shell

radiolorain

protozoan with a silica shell

locomotion and feeding

what are the cilia used for in ciliates

chitin

what is the cell wall made of in fungi

lichin

fungi in symbiotic association with green algae or cyanobacteria

currents

what makes the borders of the sargasso sea

macroalgae

another name for seaweed

protista

macroalgae kingdom

no

does seaweed have true roots, leaves, vascular tissue

no

are seaweed plants

plantae

seagrass, salt marsh grass, mangroves kingdom

thallus

complete body

blades

leaf-like flattened portion of thallus

stipe

stem-like structure

hold-fast

root-like structure

pneumatocysts

gas-filled structure that keeps the blades near the surface

phycobilins

pigment of red algae

marine

is red algae mainly marine or fresh water

coralline algae

red algae that is calcareous

chlorophyll

pigment of green algae

fresh water

are green algae mostly marine or fresh water

unicellular

are green algae mostly multicellular or unicellular

halimeda

calcareous green algae

fucoxanthin

pigment of brown algae

marine

are brown algae mostly marine or fresh water

brown algae

which algae is the largest and most complex macroalgae

phycocolloids

gelatinous chemicals from algae

algin

phycocolloid from brown algae

carrageenan and agar

phycocolloids from red algae

algin

stabilizer and emulsifier in dairy, shampoo, plastics

carrageenan

emulsifier in dairy and processed foods

agar

canning, low-calorie foods, laxatives, growth media, used for DNA and protein analysis

no

are seagrasses considered grasses

rhizomes

horizontal stem of seagrass under the sediment

no

are salt marsh plants fully submerged

absorb more water

what do salt-marsh plants do to deal with high concentrations of salt

tropical and subtropical

mangrove climate

mangroves

what plant has seeds that germinate still attached to the parent and then are released as floating propagules

97

__% of all species of animals are invertebrates

animals

most multicellular organisms are _____ (bacteria, archaea, animals, fungi, or plants)

eukaryotic

are animals eukaryotic or prokaryotic

multicellular

are animals multicellular or unicellular

heterotrophic

are animals heterotrophic or autotrophic

yes

do animals require oxygen for aerobic respiration

mobile

most animals are ____ at least during part of their life cycle

radial

symmetry where equal parts radiate out from a central point

aboral

opposite side without the mouth

oral

side with the mouth

bilateral

symmetry where the organism can be divided into right and left halves

posterior

the back of the organism

anterior

the front of the organism

assymetrical

symmetry where the organism doesn’t have symmetry

dorsal

the top half of the organism

ventral

the bottom half of the organism

porifera

sponge phylum

no

do sponges have organs and tissues

assymetrical

body plan of sponges

cellular

sponges have a ___ level of organization

marine

are most sponges marine or freshwater

sessile

permanently attached to a surface

sessile

are sponges sessile or mobile

hermaphrodites

organisms that produce both egg and sperm

broadcast spawning

process where sperm are released into the water

cnidaria

phylum for corals, jellies

radial

symmetry for cnidarians

medusa

free-swimming stage of cnidarians

polyp

sessile stage of cnidarians

nematocysts

stinging structures in cnidocytes

cnidocytes

cells that contain stinging structures