cardiovascular system ch5

angioplasty

surgical repair of a blood vessel

arteries

carry blood away from the heart

capillaries

blood vessels that connect arteries and veins

congential

disorder at time of birth

metabolism

sum all chemical and physical changes that take place within organism

veins

Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart

cardiology

study of the heart

cardiologist

heart specialist/doctor

aneurysm/o

aneurysm (widened blood vessel)

aort/o

aorta

arther/o

fatty plaque

atri/o

atrium

cardio/o ; coron/o

heart

phleb/o

vein

ven/o

vein

thromb/o

clot

varic/o

dilated vein

vas/o

vessel, duct

vascul/o

vessel

ventricul/o

ventricle

-cardia

heart condition

-gram

record, writing

-graph

instrument for recording

-stenosis

narrowing

brady-

slow

endo-

in;within

epi-

above, upon

peri-

around

aneurysm

abnormal widening of portion of artery as result of weakness in its wall

angina pectoris

mild to severe pain or pressure in the chest caused by ischemia

Arrthymia

irregular heartbeat

fibrillation

chaotic, irregular contractions of the heart, as in atrial or ventricular fibrillation

arteriosclerosis

thickening, hardening, and loss of elasticity of the walls of the arteries

bruit

soft blowing sound heard on auscultation caused by turbulent blood flow

embolus

mass of undissolved matter (commonly a blood clot, fatty plaque, or air bubble) that travels through the bloodstream and becomes lodged in a blood vessel

heart block

disease of the electrical system of the heart, which controls activity of heart muscle

first degree heart block

AV block in which the atrial electrical impulses are delayed by a fraction of a second before being conducted to the ventricles

second degree heart block

AV block which some atrial electrical impulses are conducted to the ventricles

third degree heart block

AV block in which no electrical impulses reach the ventricles "complete heart block"

heart failure

occurs when the heart is unable to pump a sufficient blood supply, resulting in inadequate perfusion and oxygenation of tissues

hypertension

constant elevated blood pressure

ischemia

inadequate blood supply

mitral valve prolapse

structural defect in which the mitral (bicuspid) valve leaflets prolapse into the left atrium during ventricular contraction (systole), resulting in incomplete closure and backflow of blood

murmur

abnormal heart sound

myocardial infraction

necrosis of a portion of cardiac muscle caused by partial or complete occlusion of one or more coronary arteries; also called heart attack

patent ductus arteriosus

failure of the ductus arteriosus to close after birth, resulting in an abnormal opening between the pulmonary artery and the aorta

Raynaud disease

severe, sudden vasoconstriction and spasm in fingers and toes followed by cyanosis after exposure to cold temperature or emotional stress; also called Raynaud phenomenon

rheumatic heart failure

streptococcal infection that causes damage to the heart valves and heart muscles, most common in in children and young adults

thrombus

stationary blood clot

deep vein thrombosis

formation of blood clot(thrombus) in one of the deep veins of the lower leg

cardiac catheterization

insertion of small tube through vein or artery usually of an arm or leg; tube is threaded through blood vessel until it reaches the heart

cardiac enzyme studies

battery of blood test performed to determine the presence of cardiac damage

Doppler ultrasonography

ultrasound technique that records blood flow velocity (speed) to image major blood vessels (arteries or veins in arms, neck, legs, abdomen) to detect obstructions caused by atherosclerotic plaques in patients at risk for a stroke

echocardiography

ultrasound technique used to image the heart and evaluate how the heart's chambers and valves are working and to diagnose and detect pathological conditions

electrocardiography

creation and study of graphic recordings produced by electrical activity generated by the heart muscle

Holter monitor

monitoring device worn by a patient that records prolonged electrocardiograph readings (usually 24 hours) on a portable tape recorder while the patient conducts normal daily activities

stress test

ECG taken under controlled exercise stress conditions

nuclear test

ECG that uses a radioisotope to evaluate coronary blood flow

troponin 1

blood test that measures protein released into the blood by damaged heart muscle

angioplasty

surgery that opens a blocked artery by inflating a small balloon within a catheter to widen and restore blood flow in the artery

cardioversion

restoration of a normal heart rhythm by electric shock

coronary artery bypass graft

bypass surgery that creates new routes around narrowed or blocked arteries to allow sufficient blood flow to deliver oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle

defibrillator

a device that delivers an electric shock to the heart to restore its normal rhythm

automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (AICD)

surgically implanted device that continually monitors and corrects potentially fatal arrhythmias by delivering low-energy shocks to the heart

automatic external defibrillator (AED)

portable computerized defibrillator that analyzes the patient's heart rhythm and delivers an electrical shock to stimulate a heart in cardiac arrest

endarterectomy

surgical removal of the lining of an artery

carotid endarterectomy

removal of plaque (atherosclerosis) and thromboses from an occluded carotid artery to reduce the risk of stroke

endovenous laser therapy (EVLT)

treatment of large varicose veins in the legs in which a laser fiber is inserted directly into the affected vein to heat the lining within the vein, causing it to collapse, shrink, and eventually disappear; also called endovenous laser ablation (EVLA)

sclerotherapy

chemical injection into a varicose vein that causes inflammation and formation of fibrous tissue, which closes the vein

valvuloplasty

insertion of a balloon catheter in a blood vessel in the groin through the aorta and into the heart to widen a stenotic (stiffened) heart valve and increase blood flow; also called percutaneous valvuloplasty

anticoagulant

prevents blood clotting

beta blockers

slows the heart rate, lower blood pressure, lower force which heart muscle contracts

nitrates

relive chest pain associated with angina and ease symptoms of heart failure

statins

reduce cholesterol levels in the blood and block production of an enzyme in the liver that produces cholesterol

thrombolytics

dissolve blood clots by destroying their fibrin strands

coronary artery disease (CAD)

narrowing of coronary arteries causing a decrease of blood flow or ischemia to the myocardium

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA)

A condition in which the walls of the aorta in the abdomen weaken and blood leaks into the layers of the vessel, causing it to bulge.

varicose veins

abnormally swollen, twisted veins with defective valves; most often seen in the legs

AAA

abdominal aortic aneurysm

AED

automated external defibrillator

AICD

automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator

ASHD

arteriosclerotic heart disease

AV

atrioventricular

BP

blood pressure

CABG

coronary artery bypass graft

CT

computed tomography

CV

cardiovascular

EVLA

endovenous laser ablation

HDL

high-density lipoprotein

HF

heart failure

HTN

hypertension (high blood pressure)

ICD

implantable cardioverter-defibrillator

MI

myocardial infarction (heart attack)

MVP

mitral valve prolapse

PDA

patent ductus arteriosus

US

ultrasound

apnea

absence of breathing

desicated

dried up

dyspnea

difficulty breathing

ECG

electrocardiogram