U.S. History 1 CLEP

What objective did Columbus and other early explorers share?

To cut out intermediaries in the trade with Asia.

What did the Treaty of Tordesillas accomplish?

Spain received all of North and South America except Brazil, which Portugal received.

On whose voyage did the Dutch base their claim to New Netherlands?

Henry Hudson.

Who was least likely to be interested in English efforts to settle North America?

Landowning English aristocrat.

Who does the quote about helping the early English settlers refer to?

Powhatan and Massasoit.

What system was developed to attract immigrants?

Headright system.

Which statement about Africans in the 1600s is incorrect?

New Englanders built a prosperous business based on slave trading (this was later, not 1600s).

Which factor did not contribute to slavery?

The importance of the triangular trade to the economy of New England.

Where would 'The Discovery of Witches' most likely be read?

Massachusetts Bay.

What indicated a decline in church centrality?

Halfway Covenant.

What was the British reason for founding Georgia?

To establish a buffer between South Carolina and Spanish Florida.

Where were large urban centers mostly located?

The Middle Colonies.

What was an unintended result of the First Great Awakening?

A more democratic outlook and less reliance on traditional authority.

What was least likely to be found in a colonial gentleman's library?

Novel written by a colonial author.

What was the most important port and largest colonial city in 1776?

Philadelphia.

Which colony had enslaved Africans outnumbering Europeans?

South Carolina.

What was the colonial theory of being sources of raw materials and markets?

Mercantilism.

Who said, 'Great talkers, little doers'?

Benjamin Franklin.

Why did Native Americans ally with the French?

The French were more interested in the fur trade than colonization.

What was the result of Pontiac's Rebellion?

The British issued the Proclamation of 1763.

What was the most popular subject of a colonial painting?

A portrait.

Which group led anti-slavery efforts before the Revolution?

Quakers.

Which colony had the most diverse ethnic and religious population?

Pennsylvania.

What characteristic was not part of the colonial system?

Centralized government for the colonies.

What was the first attempt by colonists to unite politically?

Albany Plan of Union.

What is NOT true about the Navigation Acts?

They were intended to punish English sailors who jumped ship.

What act asserted Parliament's right to tax the colonies?

Stamp Act.

Who urged the Committees of Correspondence?

Sam Adams.

What was significant about the Intolerable Acts?

Parliament shifted from persuasion to punishment.

What is NOT true about the Olive Branch Petition?

It was directed to the monarch and Parliament (it was only to the King).

What was NOT a reason colonists hesitated to declare independence?

How to attract foreign support was unresolved (this was not a major concern).

Who said, 'These are the times that try men's souls'?

Thomas Paine.

Who were the Loyalists?

A mix of socioeconomic classes and regions.

What was a major obstacle for the British army?

Length of its supply line.

Under the Articles of Confederation, where did real power lie?

With the states.

Why did Anti-Federalists lose partly?

They were not united nationally.

What power did Hamilton exercise in creating the Bank?

Implied powers.

What was the most pressing economic need of the new nation?

Paying its war debts.

What granted the right of deposit at New Orleans?

Pinckney's Treaty.

What was the root cause of disagreement in Washington's Cabinet?

What role the U.S. should play in world affairs.

What was the stated purpose of the Alien and Sedition Acts?

Suppress radical foreign elements and influence.

What did Washington warn against?

Joining alliances with foreign nations.

What attitude toward slavery is incorrect?

Slave owners felt under attack by abolitionists (organized abolition not yet a threat).

What did Marbury v. Madison establish?

Judicial review.

Who did the War Hawks want to go to war against?

Great Britain.

What was an outcome of the Embargo Act?

Failure of Federalists to win the 1808 election.

What was Madison duped by Napoleon into doing?

Dropping trade sanctions against France.

What was a crushing blow to Native resistance in the Southeast?

Battle of Horseshoe Bend.

Who opposed the American System?

The Southeast and New England.

Why was the Tariff of 1816 passed?

Britain dumped cheap goods post-War of 1812.

Which president had little partisan politics?

James Monroe.

When did slavery become a national issue?

When the first territory from the Louisiana Purchase sought statehood.

What effect did the factory system have?

Family relationships remained stable.

Which European nation was indirectly helped by the Monroe Doctrine?

Great Britain.

Which class did NOT exist before the 1800s?

Factory workers and industrialists.

What was a major victory for early labor unions?

Elimination of imprisonment for debt.

Why did the 1824 election go to the House?

No candidate had a majority of electoral votes.

What did Jackson call rotation, and what did opponents call it?

Jackson called it rotation; opponents called it the spoils system.

What did the Maysville Road veto indicate about Jackson's support?

Federal money for internal improvements.

What was NOT true about antebellum electoral politics?

Suffrage was still limited by property qualifications in western states.

Why was the Whig Party established?

To oppose the policies of Andrew Jackson.

What called Americans to develop their own culture independent of European thought?

"The American Scholar".

Who were the founders of the American literary movement known as transcendentalism?

Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau.

What was the major population group of the Spanish borderlands in the early 1800s?

Mestizos.

What was a major difference between the Democrats and the Whigs?

Democrats supported limited federal government; Whigs supported a broader role.

What charge did Jackson and his supporters level at the Second Bank?

It gave special privileges to the wealthy.

How did Andrew Jackson view his role as president?

As the direct representative of the people.

Who is associated with the quote about states' rights and federal overreach?

John C. Calhoun.

What did Andrew Jackson do to halt land speculation and inflation?

Issued the Specie Circular.

Which course was most likely added to a college's curriculum in the 1830s?

Engineering.

Who contributed to the development of the short story as an American literary form?

Nathaniel Hawthorne.

What was a major theme in the work of American artists in the first half of the 1800s?

The wilderness and the West.

Why did Mexico invite Americans to settle in Texas?

To build a buffer between Mexicans and Native Americans.

What statement is NOT true about the transportation revolution?

An increase in markets led to cultivation of more acreage.

Which contributed to U.S. economic growth between 1820-1860?

The importing of cheap raw materials from overseas.

What was established as a trade route for merchants?

Santa Fe Trail.

What was NOT true about the Second Great Awakening?

It was a movement mainly of upper- and middle-class women.

Who worked to improve education for the deaf?

Thomas Gallaudet.

Who is associated with the quote about fighting for rights under the Constitution of 1824?

Stephen Austin.

Why did the middle class support universal public education?

Schools would instill civic responsibility and patriotism.

What contributed most to the success of the temperance movement?

Changes in social and cultural behaviors.

Which event had the unintended effect of silencing abolition in the South?

Nat Turner's rebellion.

What was the purpose of the gag rule?

To prevent discussion of antislavery petitions.

Whose views divided the abolition movement?

William Lloyd Garrison.

What does the quote describing the privileges of women refer to?

The middle-class wife and mother.

What were characteristics of American romanticism?

Religious subjects.

What contributed to the success of lyceums?

The impulse for improvement that also inspired reform movements.

Why were few scientific advances made?

Americans favored practical/mechanical applications over pure science.

Who was adversely affected by the resolution of the Oregon boundary dispute?

Democrats.

Political abolitionists naturally moved toward what?

Formation of the Liberty Party.

What was the central political issue of elections in the 1840s?

Territorial expansion.

How did nativists view immigrants?

As a threat to American values and traditions.

What did the Free Soil Party champion?

Banning slavery in all new territories.

What is religion based on communal living and male authority?

Mormonism.

Which did NOT deal with extending slavery to new territories?

"Fifty-Four Forty or Fight".

What was significant about the Fort Laramie Treaty?

Native Americans agreeing to give up hunting for farming.

What motivated women to seek greater rights?

The subservient role male abolitionists expected women to take.

What was NOT true about free African Americans in the South?

Skilled workers were unable to find work.

By the mid-19th century, most immigrants were from where?

Ireland.

What is NOT accurate about the South's economy from 1840-1860?

The number of families owning slaves increased.