Pharmacology II: Drugs to Know (Comprehensive)

Benazepril

For HTN and heart failure:

ACE inhibitor

(Prevent conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II by inhibiting ACE)

Captopril

For HTN and heart failure:

ACE inhibitor

(Prevent conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II by inhibiting ACE)

Enalapril

For HTN and heart failure:

ACE inhibitor

(Prevent conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II by inhibiting ACE)

Fosinopril

For HTN and heart failure:

ACE inhibitor

(Prevent conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II by inhibiting ACE)

Lisinopril

For HTN and heart failure:

ACE inhibitor

(Prevent conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II by inhibiting ACE)

Moexipril

For HTN and heart failure:

ACE inhibitor

(Prevent conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II by inhibiting ACE)

Perindopril

For HTN and heart failure:

ACE inhibitor

(Prevent conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II by inhibiting ACE)

Quinapril

For HTN and heart failure:

ACE inhibitor

(Prevent conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II by inhibiting ACE)

Ramipril

For HTN and heart failure:

ACE inhibitor

(Prevent conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II by inhibiting ACE)

Trandolapril

For HTN and heart failure:

ACE inhibitor

(Prevent conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II by inhibiting ACE)

Azilsartan

For HTN and heart failure:

Angiotensin-receptor blocker (ARB)

(Antagonist at AT1 receptor, the receptor that angiotensin II binds to)

Candesartan

For HTN and heart failure:

Angiotensin-receptor blocker (ARB)

(Antagonist at AT1 receptor, the receptor that angiotensin II binds to)

Eprosartan

For HTN and heart failure:

Angiotensin-receptor blocker (ARB)

(Antagonist at AT1 receptor, the receptor that angiotensin II binds to)

Irbesartan

For HTN and heart failure:

Angiotensin-receptor blocker (ARB)

(Antagonist at AT1 receptor, the receptor that angiotensin II binds to)

Losartan

For HTN and heart failure:

Angiotensin-receptor blocker (ARB)

(Antagonist at AT1 receptor, the receptor that angiotensin II binds to)

Olmesartan

For HTN and heart failure:

Angiotensin-receptor blocker (ARB)

(Antagonist at AT1 receptor, the receptor that angiotensin II binds to)

Telmisartan

For HTN and heart failure:

Angiotensin Receptor Blocker (ARB)

(Antagonist at AT1 receptor, the receptor that angiotensin II binds to)

Valsartan

For HTN and heart failure:

Angiotensin-receptor blocker (ARB)

(Antagonist at AT1 receptor, the receptor that angiotensin II binds to)

Aliskiren

For HTN:

Renin inhibitor

(Directly inhibits renin)

Atenolol

For HTN and angina:

Beta-1 selective beta blocker

Bisoprolol

For HTN and angina:

Beta-1 selective beta blocker

Carvedilol

For HTN, heart failure, and angina:

Non-selective beta blocker

Labetalol

For HTN and angina:

Non-selective beta blocker

Metoprolol

For HTN, heart failure, arrhythmia, and angina:

Beta-1 selective beta blocker + class II antiarrhythmic

Nadolol

For HTN and angina:

Non-selective beta blocker

Nebivolol

For HTN, heart failure, and angina:

Beta-1 selective beta blocker

Propranolol

For HTN, arrhythmia, and angina:

Non-selective beta blocker + class II antiarrhythmic

Chlorthalidone

For HTN and heart failure:

Thiazide diuretic

(Inhibits Na/Cl co-transporter in the distal convoluted tubule)

Hydrochlorothiazide

For HTN and heart failure:

Thiazide diuretic

(Inhibits Na/Cl co-transporter in the distal convoluted tubule)

Metolazone

For HTN and heart failure:

Thiazide diuretic

(Inhibits Na/Cl co-transporter in the distal convoluted tubule)

Bumetanide

For HTN and heart failure:

Loop diuretic

(Inhibits co-transport of Na/K/2Cl in the ascending loop of Henle)

Furosemide

For HTN and heart failure:

Loop diuretic

(Inhibits co-transport of Na/K/2Cl in the ascending loop of Henle)

Torsemide

For HTN and heart failure:

Loop diuretic

(Inhibits co-transport of Na/K/2Cl in the ascending loop of Henle)

Amiloride

For HTN:

Potassium-sparing diuretic (sodium channel blocker)

(Block sodium transport channels in collecting tubule)

Eplerenone

For HTN and heart failure:

Potassium-sparing diuretic

(aldosterone antagonist)

(Block aldosterone receptors that prevent production of proteins that enhance Na/K exchange sites in the collecting tubule)

Also an inhibitor of adrenocorticoid biosynthesis/function

Spironolactone

For HTN and heart failure:

Potassium-sparing diuretic

(aldosterone antagonist)

(Block aldosterone receptors that prevent production of proteins that enhance Na/K exchange sites in the collecting tubule)

Also an inhibitor of adrenocorticoid biosynthesis or function

(Blocks aldosterone receptors and androgen receptors)

Triamterene

For HTN:

Potassium-sparing diuretic

(sodium channel blocker)

(Block sodium transport channels in collecting tubule)

Acetazolamide

For HTN:

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

(Inhibit carbonic anhydrase in the proximal tubule, decreasing kidney's ability to exchange Na for H)

Methazolamide

For HTN:

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

(Inhibit carbonic anhydrase in the proximal tubule, decreasing kidney's ability to exchange Na for H)

Mannitol

For HTN:

Osmotic diuretic

(Diuretic that is filtered through the glomerulus and carries water with it; increases water excretion with no effect on Na transmission)

Amlodipine

For HTN and angina:

Vasodilator: calcium channel blocker

(Block inward movement of calcium, which produces dilation of coronary and peripheral arteries)

Diltiazem

For HTN, arrhythmia, and angina:

Vasodilator: calcium channel blocker

(Block inward movement of calcium, which produces dilation of coronary and peripheral arteries)

Felodipine

For HTN and angina:

Vasodilator: calcium channel blocker

(Block inward movement of calcium, which produces dilation of coronary and peripheral arteries)

Isradipine

For HTN and angina:

Vasodilator: calcium channel blocker

(Block inward movement of calcium, which produces dilation of coronary and peripheral arteries)

Nifedipine

For HTN and angina:

Vasodilator: calcium channel blocker

(Block inward movement of calcium, which produces dilation of coronary and peripheral arteries)

Verapamil

For HTN, arrhythmia, and angina:

Vasodilator: calcium channel blocker

(Block inward movement of calcium, which produces dilation of coronary and peripheral arteries)

Hydralazine

For HTN and heart failure:

Vasodilator: direct

(Relaxes vascular smooth muscle by releasing NO)

Minoxidil

For HTN:

Vasodilator: direct

(Hyperpolarizes smooth muscle by opening K channels)

Clonidine

For HTN:

Centrally acting alpha-2 agonist

Methyldopa

For HTN:

Centrally acting alpha-2 agonist

Doxazosin

For HTN:

Alpha blocker

(Alpha-1 antagonist)

Prazosin

For HTN:

Alpha blocker

(Alpha-1 antagonist)

Terazosin

For HTN:

Alpha blocker

(Alpha-1 antagonist)

Digoxin

For heart failure:

Inotrope

Isosorbide dinitrate

For heart failure and angina treatment:

Organic nitrate/vasodilator

(Enzyme activation of drug causes release of NO, a vasodilator)

Norelgestromin

Form of progestogen/progestin

(Produced in response to LH and promotes development of secretory endometrium)

Disopyramide

For arrhythmia:

Class IA anti-arrhythmic

(Na channel blocker - bind to Na channels and K channels, inhibiting K efflux and slowing Na flow)

Procainamide

For arrhythmia:

Class IA anti-arrhythmic

(Na channel blocker - bind to Na channels and K channels, inhibiting K efflux and slowing Na flow)

Quinidine

For arrhythmia:

Class IA anti-arrhythmic

(Na channel blocker - bind to Na channels and K channels, inhibiting K efflux and slowing Na flow)

Lidocaine

For arrhythmia or as an anesthetic:

Class IB anti-arrhythmic or local anesthetic

(Na channel blocker - bind to Na channels specifically, and binding increases K efflux as a result)

Mexiletine

For arrhythmia:

Class IB anti-arrhythmic

(Na channel blocker - bind to Na channels specifically, and binding increases K efflux as a result)

Flecainide

For arrhythmia:

Class IC anti-arrhythmic

(Na channel blocker - bind to Na and K channels, but have almost no effect on K channels)

Propafenone

For arrhythmia:

Class IC anti-arrhythmic

(Na channel blocker - bind to Na and K channels, but have almost no effect on K channels)

Esmolol

For arrhythmia:

Class II anti-arrhymthic

(Beta-adrenoreceptor blocker)

Amiodarone

For arrhythmia:

Class III anti-arrhymthic

(K channel blocker)

Dofetilide

For arrhythmia:

Class III anti-arrhymthic

(K channel blocker)

Dronedarone

For arrhythmia:

Class III anti-arrhymthic

(K channel blocker)

Ibutilide

For arrhythmia:

Class III anti-arrhymthic

(K channel blocker)

Sotalol

For arrhythmia:

Class III anti-arrhymthic

(K channel blocker)

Adenosine

Anti-arrhythmic drug

Magnesium

Anti-arrhythmic drug

Potassium

Anti-arrhythmic drug

Isosorbide mononitrate

For angina:

Organic nitrate

(Enzyme activation of drug causes release of NO, a vasodilator)

Nitroglycerin

For angina:

Organic nitrate

(Enzyme activation of drug causes release of NO, a vasodilator)

Ranolazine

For angina:

Sodium channel blocker

(MOA poorly understood -- improves diastolic function and oxygen supply)

Sildenafil

Type 5 phosphodiesterase inhibitor

(Potentiate the vasodilative effect of acetylcholine)

Tadalafil

Type 5 phosphodiesterase inhibitor

(Potentiate the vasodilative effect of acetylcholine)

Vardenafil

Type 5 phosphodiesterase inhibitor

(Potentiate the vasodilative effect of acetylcholine)

Clopidogrel

Platelet inhibitor: ADP receptor blocker

(Inhibit expression of GP receptors for fibrinogen by binding to ADP as an irreversible antagonist)

Prasugrel

Platelet inhibitor: ADP receptor blocker

(Inhibit expression of GP receptors for fibrinogen by binding to ADP as an irreversible antagonist)

Ticagrelor

Platelet inhibitor: ADP receptor blocker

(Inhibit expression of GP receptors for fibrinogen by binding to ADP as an irreversible antagonist)

Ticlopidine

Platelet inhibitor: ADP receptor blocker

(Inhibit expression of GP receptors for fibrinogen by binding to ADP as an irreversible antagonist)

Eptifibatide

Platelet inhibitor: GP receptor blocker

(Directly inhibits GP receptors to prevent the binding of fibrinogen)

Tirofiban

Platelet inhibitor: GP receptor blocker

(Directly inhibits GP receptors to prevent the binding of fibrinogen)

Aspirin

NSAID/"Other" platelet inhibitor

(Inhibits the synthesis of prostaglandins by inhibiting the COX-1 enzyme, thus preventing the synthesis of TXA2)

Argatroban

Anticoagulant: direct thrombin inhibitor

(Competitive, reversible inhibitor of thrombin)

Bivalirudin

Anticoagulant: direct thrombin inhibitor

(Competitive, reversible inhibitor of thrombin)

Dabigatran

Anticoagulant: direct thrombin inhibitor

(Competitive, reversible inhibitor of thrombin)

Desirudin

Anticoagulant: direct thrombin inhibitor

(Competitive, reversible inhibitor of thrombin)

Lepirudin

Anticoagulant: direct thrombin inhibitor

(Competitive, reversible inhibitor of thrombin)

Apixaban

Anticoagulant: factor Xa inhibitor

(Selectively inhibits Factor Xa, without any variable activity)

Fondaparinux

Anticoagulant: factor Xa inhibitor

(Selectively inhibits Factor Xa, without any variable activity)

Rivaroxaban

Anticoagulant: factor Xa inhibitor

(Selectively inhibits Factor Xa, without any variable activity)

Dalteparin

Anticoagulant: low molecular weight heparin (LMWH)

(Binds to antithrombin III and ONLY inactivates Factor Xa)

Enoxaparin

Anticoagulant: low molecular weight heparin (LMWH)

(Binds to antithrombin III and ONLY inactivates Factor Xa)

Heparin

"Other" anticoagulant (a thrombin and factor Xa inhibitor)

(Binds to antithrombin III and increases activity of that particular anticoagulant, rapidly inactivating thrombin AND Factor Xa)

Warfarin

"Other" anticoagulant (a vitamin K antagonist)

(Inhibits vitamin K epoxide reductase)

Alteplase

Thrombolytic agent

(Acts directly or indirectly to convert plasminogen to plasmin -- we don't need to know the specifics of how this drug acts)

Reteplase

Thrombolytic agent

(Acts directly or indirectly to convert plasminogen to plasmin -- we don't need to know the specifics of how this drug acts)

Streptokinase

Thrombolytic agent

(Acts directly or indirectly to convert plasminogen to plasmin -- we don't need to know the specifics of how this drug acts)