Theoretical Vpara (19 and 20)

Family under order Heamosporidia

Plasmodiidae

Haemoproteidae

Piroplasma

Genus under family Plasmaodiidae

Plasmodium gallinaceum

Plasmodium juxtanucleare

What occurs in the RBC of Plasmodiidae?

Gametogony and Schizogony (as well as endothelial cells)

What occurs in the blood-sucking insects in Plasmodiidae?

Syngamy

Presence of what can be found in Plasmodiidae?

Hemozoin granules

It occurs in domestic animals in the Philippines and other Asian countries causing Avian Malaria

Plasmodium gallinaceum

Plasmodium gallinaceum is transmitted by?

Culicine mosquitoes (Aedes and Culex)

In Plasmodium gallinaceum what displaces the nucleus?

Gametocytes

How many percent of RBC’s are parasitized at Plasmodium gallinaceum?

90%

It occurs in wild and domestic fowl. More common than P. gallinaceum

Plasmodium juxtanucleare

In Plasmodium juxtanucleare the parasites are ____ with the host cell nucleus

In contact

In Plasmodium gallinaceum gametocytes ___ the host cell nucleus

Do not displace

In Plasmodium juxtanucleare RBC are parasitized in %

3-5%

Genus under family Haemoproteidae

Haemoproteus columbae

Leucocytozoon caulleryi

Leucocytozoon simondi

Leucocytozoon smithi

Occurs in domestic and wild pigeons; transmitted by Pseudolynchia maura

Haemoproteus columbae

Schizogony of Haemoproteus columbae occurs in

Endothelial cells of lungs

What appears in the peripheral blood of Haemoproteus columbae

Gametocytes

Sexual reproduction of Haemoproteus columbae occurs in

The vector

Haemoproteus columbae has what in it’s cells

Pigment granules

Hemozoin granules are much dispersed

Macrogametes in H. columbae

Hemozoin granules are much closer to each other

Microgametes of H. columbae

Occurs in domestic chickens; prevalent during the rainy season

Leucocytozoon caulleryi

Where does schizogony occurs in Leucocytozoon caulleryi

Endothelial and parenchymal cells of liver, heart and kidney

What can only be found in peripheral blood in Leucocytozoon caulleryi

Gametocytes

It has no ___ in Leucocytozoon caulleryi

Pigment granules

Sexual reproduction of Leucocytozoon caulleryi occurs in

Culicoides

Host:

L. caulleryi

L. simondi

L. Smithi

Chicken

Ducks and geese

Turkey

Vector:

L. caulleryi

L. simondi

L. Smithi

Culicoides

Simulium

Simulium

Gametocytes:

L. caulleryi

L. simondi

L. Smithi

Round, oval

Spindle

Elongate spindle

Genus under family Piroplasms

Babesia bigemina

Babesia canis

Anaplasma marginale

Anaplasma centrale

Hepatozoon canis

Occurs in cattle and carabao

Babesia bigemina

Pathogenic effects of Babesia bigemina

Red water disease, cattle tick fever, babesiosis or bovine malaria

Babesia bigemina is transmitted by:

Rhipicephalus microplus

Shaped of Babesia bigemina in RBC

Tear or pear-shaped

What does they called in RBC

Merozoites/ vermicules

Causes malarial fever or canine babesiosis in dogs

Babesia canis

Babesia canis is transmitted by?

Rhipicephalus sanguineus

Babesia canis is fairly common in the?

Philippines

Up to how many organisms can be found in one cell

16

Usually transmitted by ticks but can also be mechanically transmitted by biting flies

Anaplasma

Anaplasma can be found within the

Erythrocytes

Anaplasma is located

Intracellularly

How does the infection of Anaplasma starts?

Initial body that grows to become and elementary body

Occurs in dogs

Hepatozoon canis

Schizogony of Hepatozoon canis occurs in

Endothelial cells of the spleen, liver and bone marrow

What occurs in tick in Hepatozoon canis

Syngamy and sporogamy

Infection of Hepatozoon canis is through

Ingestion of infected ticks

Theileria parva causes

Theileriosis

Theileria parva causes what in African buffalo

Eastcoast fever

When transmitted to cattle Theileria parva causes

Corridor disease

T. parva bovis type causes what in Zimbabwe

January disease

It causes tropical theileriosis

Theileria annulata

What stains dark blue with Romanowsky stains

Macrogamonts

What stain pale blue to pinkish

Microgamonts

Gametocytes in Leucocytozoon caulleryi are devoid of

Nuclei

Hepatozoon canis has no what in Gametocytes

Sexual dimorphism

Transmission of Theileria parva is

Transtadial

What is produced by microschizonts that invades the RBC and may present sexual stage in Theileria parva

Micromerozoites

What is the functional unit of coccidian ontogeny

Zoite

Shape of zoite

Motile, banana or cigar-shaped cell

What migrates into the host and invades cell

Zoite

What are the Eimeria species

Eimeria tenella

Eimeria acervulina

Eimeria maxima

Eimeria brunetti

Eimeria necatrix

How many schizogony Eimeria tenella has

3

Eimeria tenella occurs in

Ceca of chicken

Eimeria tenella is the?

Most pathogenic and most common

Eimeria tenella causes

Cecal coccidiosis

Eimeria tenella undergoes what reproduction in the host

Asexual and sexual

What is formed in Eimeria tenella which are passed in the feces and sporulate on the ground

Oocysts

Location of:

Eimeria tenella

Eimeria acervulina

Eimeria maxima

Eimeria brunetti

Eimeria necatrix

Ceca

Upper LI

Middle LI

Lower SI

Middle LI

Pathogenicity;

Eimeria tenella

Eimeria acervulina

Eimeria maxima

Eimeria brunetti

Eimeria necatrix

Dysentry, high morbidity, high mortality

HM, LM

HM, LM

D, HM, HM

D, HM, HM

Quite similar to Eimeria

Isospora

Isospora contains how many sporocysts and sporozoites

2 sporocysts

Each with 4 sporozoites

Eimeria contains how many sporocysts and sporozoites

4 sporocysts each with 2 sporozoites

Contains 4 naked sporozoites and no sporocysts

Cryptospiridium

Where does meronts and gamonts lie in Cryptospiridium

Brush border of epithelial cells of SI, respiratory tract and conjuctiva

Has a 2 host life

Sarcocystis

IH of sarcocystis

Herbivores, swine, birds

FH of sarcocystis

Carnivores

What occurs in the final host in Sarcocystis

Gametogony, syngamy and sporogony

How many sporocysts and sporozoites does Sarcocystis has?

2 sporocysts each with 4 sporozoites

Final host are domestic cats and other felids

Toxoplasma gondii

Sexual stage of Toxoplasma gondii can be found in

Final host

IH of Toxoplasma gondii

Warmblooded animals including man

Asexual stage of Toxoplasma gondii are found in

IH

Types of development of Toxoplasmas gondii

Enteroepithelial

Extraintestinal

Three known infective stage of Toxoplasma gondii

Tachyzoites

Bradyzoites

Sporozoites

Rapid multiplying stage of Toxoplasma gondii

Tachyzoites

Slow multiplying stage of Toxoplasma gondii

Bradyzoites

Mode of transmission of Toxoplasma gondii

Carnivorism

Fecal contamination

Transplacental

Congenital infection

Genus under Coccidia

Tyzzeria

Cryptospiridium

Sarcocystis

Toxoplasma

Isospora

Eimeria

Wenyonella

Hammondia

Sporocyst per oocyst, sporozoites per sporocyts:

Tyzzeria

Cryptospiridium 

Sarcocystis 

Toxoplasma 

Isospora 

Eimeria 

Wenyonella

Hammondia

0-8

0-4

2-4

2-4

2-4

4-2

4-4

2-4

Rounded up sporozoite

Tropozoite

A dividing tropozoite

Schizont/ meront

Elongate fusiform organism which are products of schizogony

Merozoite/ Schizozoite

Precursor of female gamete

Macrogametocyte

Precursor of male gamete

Microgametocyte

Male gamete

Microgamete

Female gamete

Macrogamete

Fertilized macrogamete

Zygote

Occurs in cats and is similar to that of other coccidian consisting of enteroepithelial multiplicative stages and gamonts resulting in oocyst peoduction

Enteroepithelial cycle