H Intro to Bio Midterm 2023

fertilizer

Scientists want to know how fertilizer amounts affect the growth of tomato plants. To discover an answer, they place 10 tomato plant seeds in pots with both soil and varying amount of fertilizer. Ten tomato plant seeds are also placed in pots with only soil. All 20 pots are watered daily with the same amount of water and kept in an environment that keeps temperature and the amount of light constant. The independent variable in this experiment is:

temperature

A biology student performed an experiment to determine which of the two species of single-celled organisms would survive best when living together in a certain environment. The student placed 10 organisms of each species into a large test tube. Throughout the experiment, the test tube was maintained at 30⁰C. A constant used for the experiment above is:

If Europe's growth rate continues to be the lowest, then it will eventually have the lowest population of the 3 continents. (most specific and accurate)

Use the information in the data table below. Which of the following statements would be a good hypothesis, given the data? (Population)

Turtle growth rates

Scientists want to know how different types of foods affect the growth rate of baby snapping turtles. To perform a test, they create 3 tank habitats that are identical in size, lighting, and temperature. To each habitat they add five baby snapping turtles. Each snapping turtle is the same exact size. They feed the turtles in tank A earthworms. They feed turtles in tank B minnows. They feed the turtles in tank C turtle pellets. The dependent variable is:

Population numbers

A biology student performed an experiment to determine which of the two species of single-celled organisms would survive best when living together in a certain environment. The student placed 10 organisms of each species into a large test tube. Throughout the experiment, the test tube was maintained at 30⁰C. The dependent variable is:

If there is oil pollution in the pond for more than 4 consecutive days, then the leopard frogs will develop leg deformities.

Students have noticed that frogs around a certain pond are growing 3 extra legs. Being the budding scientist that you are, you advise them to develop a hypothesis as to what is causing these deformities. Their properly formatted, most specific hypothesis would be:

Quantitative observation

You have determined that the presence of water accelerates the growth of bread mold by 30% in 1 week. This is a(n):

80

A biology student performed an experiment to determine which of the two species of single-celled organisms would survive best when living together in a certain environment. The student placed 10 organisms of each species into a large test tube. Throughout the experiment, the test tube was maintained at 30⁰C. Based upon your observations of the data provided, Species A will reach a population of \__________ on day 9.

Time candy was purchased from the store

A constant which would not be needed in the 'Gummy Bear' lab would be:

The dependence of turtle growth on type of food over time.

Scientists want to know how different types of foods affect the growth rate of baby snapping turtles. To perform a test, they create 3 tank habitats that are identical in size, lighting, and temperature. To each habitat they add five baby snapping turtles. Each snapping turtle is the same exact size. They feed the turtles in tank A earthworms. They feed turtles in tank B minnows. They feed the turtles in tank C turtle pellets. A properly formatted title for a line graph featuring information from the above paragraph would be:

Abiotic factors include the living and non-living components of an ecosystem.

Which statement is false?

Abiotic factors include the living and non-living components of an ecosystem.

Abiotic factors include stones and water.

Biotic factors include living organisms, once-living organisms, or products of non-living objects

Abiotic factors like temperature and sunlight have an impact on the living.

Day 4

A biology student performed an experiment to determine which of the two species of single-celled organisms would survive best when living together in a certain environment. The student placed 10 organisms of each species into a large test tube. Throughout the experiment, the test tube was maintained at 30⁰C. Based on daily counts, on which day did it first become evident that one species was better adapted than the other species for survival?*
2/2

Food type

Scientists want to know how different types of foods affect the growth rate of baby snapping turtles. To perform a test, they create 3 tank habitats that are identical in size, lighting, and temperature. To each habitat they add five baby snapping turtles. Each snapping turtle is the same exact size. They feed the turtles in tank A earthworms. They feed turtles in tank B minnows. They feed the turtles in tank C turtle pellets. The independent variable in the experiment is:

no

Given the information below, is a control group provided? (population)

Gummy bear size

The general dependent variable in our 'Gummy Bear' lab was:

Both asking a question and forming a hypothesis

Before performing an experiment, it is important to:

Turtle aggression

Scientists want to know how different types of foods affect the growth rate of baby snapping turtles. To perform a test, they create 3 tank habitats that are identical in size, lighting, and temperature. To each habitat they add five baby snapping turtles. Each snapping turtle is the same exact size. They feed the turtles in tank A earthworms. They feed turtles in tank B minnows. They feed the turtles in tank C turtle pellets. One unwanted variable in the above experiment could be:

Qualitative observation

A scientist noticed that in acidic pond water, some salamanders developed with curved spines. This was a(n):

2.11 cubic centimeters, 1.09 grams/cubic centimeter

The dimensions of a small gelantinous bear are as follows; 1.6cm tall, 1.1cm wide, and 1.2cm thick. The bear also has a mass of 2.3g. Given this information, you know that the bear has a volume of \__________, and density of \__________.

Tank size, lighting, temperature, turtle size

Scientists want to know how different types of foods affect the growth rate of baby snapping turtles. To perform a test, they create 3 tank habitats that are identical in size, lighting, and temperature. To each habitat they add five baby snapping turtles. Each snapping turtle is the same exact size. They feed the turtles in tank A earthworms. They feed turtles in tank B minnows. They feed the turtles in tank C turtle pellets. A set of constants in the above experiment is:

If a person runs or walks, then his/her heart rate will increase

Students conducted a controlled experiment to find out how walking and running affected their heart rate. Their data are found in the table below. Which of the following statements would be a good hypothesis, given the data?

liquid type

The general independent variable in our 'Gummy Bear' lab which provided varying results was:

Time

A biology student performed an experiment to determine which of the two species of single-celled organisms would survive best when living together in a certain environment. The student placed 10 organisms of each species into a large test tube. Throughout the experiment, the test tube was maintained at 30⁰C. The independent variable is:

true

Scientific laws are considered to be 100% factual, while scientific theories are not considered 100% accurate/factual by all in the scientific community.

Variables change and constants stay the same in an experiment

Variables are different from constants because:

true

In order to be considered living, an object/organism must have all 6 characteristics of life.

ATP

All compounds within the food you consume must be converted into \__________ in order to be used for energy purposes.

false

A sloth would have an extremely fast metabolism, while a humming bird would have a very slow metabolism. This statement is:

Metabolism

Anabolism is the term for processes within the body which build molecules and structures, utilizing energy in the process. Catabolism is the term for processes within the body which break down molecules to release energy. Both of these process would be under the concept of:

cell

By definition, a \__________ is the smallest basic unit of life which is able to carry out task/life function.

Unicellular, multicellular

Based upon size, you would classify organisms like bacteria and protists as \__________, while organisms like fungi and plants are \__________.

Nucleic Acid

The image provided below is an example of DNA, which is a \__________.

Species, organisms, eukaryotic

Humans are considered to be a \___________ of \__________ who contain \___________ cells.

Interdependence

The image (butterfly on a flower) provided displays an example of:

eukaryotic cell

The diagram provided below would be an example of a:

Animal

Which kingdom of life contributes the least amount of living biomass on the planet?

ATP, metabolism

Humans must convert proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids into \_______________. This energy is then used for life processes. This entire energy conversion process is called:

true

Between biology and ecology, the major difference is the fact that ecology also studies environmental impacts on living organisms.

no

Wolves are apart of the same genus (grouping/category) scientifically. Three distinct members of wolves (Gray, Timber, Red) exist within this category. Are they all considered to be the same species?

Interdependence

The image below demonstrates a situation where both living organisms benefit mutually. This relationship is an example of:

Autotrophs, heterotrophs

In the food web provided, the grass would be considered a \__________, while the birds and animals would be considered to be \__________.

Metabolism

\__________ is the sum of all chemical reactions in your body which involve the creation and use of energy.

true

Species of organisms have both common names and scientific names. An example would be the species of sunfish called a Bluegill, whose scientific name is Lepomis macrochirus

true

Abiotic factors have an impact on living organisms.

Adenosine triphosphate

The molecule 'ATP' stands for:

Nucleus

Prokaryotic cells lack which important organelle?

1%

Following the idea of the '10% energy rule' we covered in class, the secondary consumers/carnivores in this diagram will be able to obtain \__________ of the original energy present within the primary producers.

protein

As human body composition is concerned, \__________ make up the largest percentage of our physical being, given only our 4 compound categories

autogamy

What process does this organism go through? (clownfish)

Growth hormone (GH) is not being regulated and stable internal conditions are not being mantained.

Gigantism is not an example of homeostasis because:

Homeostasis

Any regulatory process in which an organism strives to maintain stable, internal conditions is known as:

Non-living objects

Viruses like COVID-19 have the ability to replicate themselves, and adapt to changes in environment. However, they do not contains cells, cannot generate their own energy, and do not maintain homeostasis. Therefore, most biologists consider them to be:

fragmentation

The organism below goes through the process of: (starfish)

glucagon; The release of glucagon causes more glucose to be absorbed

If blood glucose levels in humans are too low, the pancreas releases \__________. This causes more glucose to be released by liver cells in the blood. The homeostatic mechanism in this situation is

Positive feedback loop

There is a surprising effect in nature where a tree or bush will suddenly ripen all of its fruit or vegetables, without any visible signal. This will begin with the first apple to ripen. Once ripe, it gives off a gas known as ethylene (C2H4) through its skin. When exposed to this gas, the apples near to it also ripen. Once ripe, they too produce ethylene, which continues to ripen the rest of the tree in an effect much like a wave. This is an example of a:

Pathenogenesis

The organism below goes through the process of: (Komodo Dragon)

negative feedback loops

The human body maintains a core temperature of about 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit (37 degrees Celsius). When overheated, thermo-sensors in the skin and brain sound an alarm, initiating a chain reaction that directs the body to sweat and flush. When chilled, the body responds by shivering, and reducing blood circulation to the skin. Similarly, when sodium levels spike, the body signals the kidneys to conserve water and expel excess salt in concentrated urine. These are examples of \__________.

adaptations

The labels provided to describe this image are considered to be \__________ in humans for long distance running. They are beneficial traits.

homestatic mechanisms

A specific regulatory action that actually maintains a stable condition (makes a difference). An example would be humans sweating when they are warm/hot.

mimicry

This organism is attempting to look like something else entirely. It's shape and color have been modified to do so. This general adaptation we have covered in class is called:

natural selection

Overproduction, genetic variation, competition, and environmental selection are concepts present in the the idea of \__________.

true

The idea of 'allostasis' challenges the notion that a stimulus needs to occur before a homeostatic mechanism takes place. This statement is \__________.

Similar, 2

The offspring created from sexual reproduction are \__________ in comparison to their \__________parent(s).

Evolution, mutations

The idea that living organisms, as a population, gradually change over time in response to their changing environment is called \__________. This is driven my genetic \__________, which fuel or drive variation.

Colony B

Both Colony A and Colony B have 100 members. ALL 100 members of each colony have a deadly genetic disorder. After reproducing, Colony A is completely wiped out, with no survivors. Colony B, after reproducing, has 60 members left. Which colony of organisms reproduces sexually?

binary fission

The doubling of genetic material, organelles, and size before splitting are all components of:

natural selection

The process which makes evolution possible is called \__________. This process involves the environmental selection of organisms which are the 'most fit' for their environment.

Insulin, High blood glucose levels

If blood glucose levels in humans are too high, the pancreas releases \__________. This causes more glucose to be absorbed by liver cells in the body. The initial stimulus in this situation is:

Being able to sense and respond to change.

An iPad is not considered living, but does have some characteristics of life. One characteristic of life it does possess is:

Species, organisms, eukaryotic, sexually, sense

Humans are considered to be a \___________ of \__________ who contain \___________ cells, reproduce \__________, and have the ability to \__________ and respond to their changing environment.

true

Heredity occurs in both sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction.

sexual reproduction

Reproduction requiring two parents and generating offspring which are 'similar' to the parents is known as \__________ reproduction.

asexually, sexually, 1,2

Starfish and chimpanzees are both living organisms. Therefore, they both share 6 living characteristics. However, they differ in reproduction. Starfish reproduce \__________, while chimps reproduce \__________. Due to these types of reproduction, starfish reproduction involves \__________ parent(s), while chimp reproduction involves \__________ parent(s).

Heredity, Evolution

New traits and adaptations are beneficial to an organism's survival. Gradually, the entire population will gain these beneficial traits through \__________. This entire process is called:

true

Each of the 503 shark types in existence are considered to be different species.

fungi

All organisms fall into one of the 5 kingdoms of life, which include Animal, Plant, Monera (bacterial), Protist, and \__________.

Metabolism, ATP, catabolic

Respiration, fermentation, and photosynthesis are all key components when considering the rate of an organism's energy production and use, also known as \_______________. The resulting 'energy' compound created from these processes is \__________. Respiration is considered to be \__________.

ecologist

An \_______________ would be interested in the entire stimulus and response situations you placed your termite in for scientific gain.

Heredity, DNA, genes

Due to the process of \_______________, you inherit \________________ from your biological parents. Small portions of this larger genetic compound responsible for individual traits are called

Homeostatic mechanisms

Conditions such as gigantism, dwarfism, and werewolf syndrome are examples of situations in which \_______________ are not present.

Parthenogenesis, fragmentation

Komodo dragons use the asexual reproductive process called \__________, while starfish can use \__________.

Both having a nucleus and composing protists

Eukaryotic cells are different from prokaryotic cells because they:

Glucagon, response

\_______________ is a hormone released within your body when blood glucose levels are too low. This release would be considered a \__________.

False

Before winter arrives, many mammals will increase the density of their fur/hair. This response to a stimulus is not considered to be an example of a homeostatic mechanism.

cells

\_______________ are considered to be the basic unit of all living organisms, as it can carry out all necessary life functions.

cells

It has been debated as to whether or not viruses should be considered living organisms. They sense and respond to change, reproduce, contain genetic compounds, grow/develop, and create/use energy. However, given their extremely small size, they are lacking \_______________.

Organisms must produce offspring which are at least similar to themselves.

It is not uncommon to see penguins give birth to narwhals. This statement is obviously false because:

High blood glucose levels

If blood glucose levels in humans are too high, the pancreas releases insulin. This causes more glucose to be absorbed by liver cells in the body. The initial stimulus in this situation is:

Development

Mealworms are the larval form of a beetle (Darkling Beetle). This transformation is called \__________.

Colony B, similar

Both Colony A and Colony B have 100 members. ALL 100 members of each colony have a deadly genetic disorder. After reproducing, Colony A is completely wiped out, with no survivors. Colony B, after reproducing, has 40 members left. Which colony of organisms reproduces sexually? You know this because of the offspring in this colony are \__________ in relation to their parents.

species

Groups of organisms which are genetically similar and have the ability to reproduce successfully are called:

Compounds

Given discussions in class, you know that proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids are all examples of:

ATP, metabolism

Humans must convert proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids into \_______________. This energy is then used for life processes. This entire energy conversion is called:

true

Protists are considered to be eukaryotic, while bacteria are considered to be prokaryotic. Additionally, most multicellular organisms are eukaryotic, while unicellular organisms are generally prokaryotic.

dead leaves

Abiotic factors would not include
Rocks
Dead leaves
Wind
Your favorite synthetic item
Sunlight

Independent variable

In a typical termite lab, the random trail/stimulus you subjected your bug friend to was considered the \_______________.

Homeostatic mechanisms

Humans shiver in response to cold temperatures. Other organisms will huddle for warmth, or hibernate. All of these responses are considered to be \_______________.

neutrons

Which has a NEUTRAL charge?

1

An ELEMENT is made of \___ types of atoms.

elements, compounds

Nitrogen (N) and oxygen (O) are considered to be \__________, while caffeine (C8H10N4O2) and ozone (O3) are considered to be \__________.