JMU Health 100 Exam 2

What are the types of drugs?

-prescription drugs
-over-the-counter drugs
-recreational drugs
-herbal preparations
-illicit drugs
-commercial drugs

What is the medicine used for overdose?

Methadone (narcan)

What two things lead to a greater overdose?

alcohol and drugs

What are the two characteristics of drug dependence?

-withdraw
-tolerance

What is marijuana classified as?

cannibus

Define psychoactive drug

can alter mood or behavior by acting on neurotransmitters in the brain

What does cocaine do to the brain?

causes an excess of dopamine

What are the three categories of drugs?

-natural
-synthetic
-semi-synthetic

What is a natural drug?

opium

What is a semi-synthetic drug?

heroin

What are types of synthetic drugs?

-fentinal
-morphine
-oxycotin
-oxycodon
-percidane
-vicidan

What are the routes of drug administration?

-oral ingestion
-inhalation
-injection
-transdermal

Define oral ingestion

taken by mouth

Define inhalation

sniffed, smokes, or inhaled

Define injection

administered either intravenously, intramuscularly, or subcutaneously

Define transdermal

absorbed through the skin, vagina, or anus

Transdermal is also known as what?

inunction

How are must vaccinations give?

intramuscular

What delivers the drug fasted to the brain?

inhalation

Define polydrug

several substances are taken simultaneously

Define synergism

where the effects of two or more drugs are multiplied beyond what is expected if each were taken alone

Define inhibition

where the effects of one drug are eliminated or reduced by the presence of another drug

Define cross-tolerance

where tolerance to one drug transfers to a second drug

Define drug misuse

involves using a drug for a propose other than that for which it was intended

Define drug abuse

the excessive use of any drug, may cause serious harm

How is most likely to abuse over-the-counter medication?

-teens
-young adults
-over 65

Define schedule 1 drugs

drugs with no current accepted medical use and high potential for abuse

What are examples of schedule 1 drugs?

-heroin
-LSD
-Ecstasy

What are schedule two drugs?

drugs with high potential for abuse, with use leading to severe psychological or physical dependence

What are some examples of schedule two drugs?

-vicodin
-cocaine
-meth
-oxycontin

What percent of full-time college students have used any illicit drug in the past 30 days?

38.6

What percent of full-time college students have used marijuana in the past 30 days?

34.4

What percent of full-time college students have used alcohol in the past 30 days?

76.1

What is a Physician Desk Reference (PDR)?

a book that shows side effects of medications

What is a stimulant?

-cocaine
-amphetamines
-methamphetamine

What is a narcotic?

heroine

What is a depressant?

-benzodiazepines
-barbiturates
-opitates

What is the FDA?

Food and Drug Administration

What is the active ingredient in marijuana?

THC

Define freebase

obtained by removing the hydrochloride salt from cocaine powder

What are the results of taking high doses of cocaine?

-increased heart rate
-increases blood pressure
-weight loss
-convulsions
-muscle twitching

What are examples of amphetamines?

meth and adderall

What are effects of methamphetamine?

-small doses increase alertness and decrease appetite
-large doses lead to hallucinations, convulsions, and death

What is the most popular and widely consumed drug?

caffeine

How much time does it take for half the caffeine to be metabolized?

4 to 6 hours

What are the physical effects of Marijuana?

-dilation of blood vessels in the eyes
-dry mouth
-increases appetite
-lowered blood pressure
-mild muscular weakness
-severe anxiety, panic, and paranoia

What can smoking marijuana do to you?

-chronic bronchitis
-suppresses immune system
-emphysema

What is another name for synthetic marijuana?

K2 or Spice

What does K2 do?

mimics marijuana intoxication but last longer and unable to be detected in urine

How is K2 smokes?

joint or hookah

What do depressants do for someone?

-promote mental calmness and reduce anxiety
-promote sleep or drowsiness

What state ranks the highest in drug overdose death?

West Virginia

What are derivatives?

-morphine
-codeine

What are synthetic opitates?

-percodan
-demerol
-dilaudid

Define hallucinogens

group of mind-altering drugs that affect the brain and nervous system and bring about changes in thought, self-awareness, emotion, and sensation

Define synesthesia

occurs when sensory messages are mixed

What are examples of hallucinogens?

-LSD
-Mescaline
-Psilocybin
-Phencyclidine (PCP)

Where does mescaline come from?

cactus

What is psilocybin also known as?

magic mushroom

What are examples of club drugs?

ecstacy
-mescaline
-psilocybin
-PCP
-Ketamine

What are examples of date rape drugs?

-katamine
-Rohypnol
-GHB

Define inhalants

chemeicals that produce vapors capable of causing hallucinations and creating intoxicating and euphoric effects

Examples of inhalants

-rubber cement
-model glue
-paint thinner
-gasoline

Define anabolic steroids

artificial forms of the male hormone testosterone

What are the types of outpatient behavioral therapy?

-residential treatment
-therapeutic communities

What amount of Americans report using tobacco at least once a month?

70 million

In 2014 what percentage of men and women reported smoking?

Men: 18.8%
Women: 14.8%

How does tobacco companies target teens?

-candy
-fruit
-alcohol flavorings

Who has the highest percentage of smokers by race?

American Indian (32%)

Who smokes more, men or women?

men (18.8)

What type of women are more likely to smoke?

less educated

Women are ______ times more likely to die from lung cancer than nonsmoking women.

25 times

What is the average cost of a cigarette pack?

$5.51

What is the annual cost attributed to smoking in the US?

$289 and $333 billion

Why do college students say they smoke?

-relax
-reduce stress
-control weight gain

Define nicotine

the chemical stimulant and highly addictive chemical in tobacco

Define tar

condensed particulate matter from smoke that accumulates in the lungs

Define phenols

chemical irritants in smoke that may combine with other chemicals to contribute to the development of lung cancer

Define carbon monoxide

gas found in cigarettes smoke

Where else can you find carbon monoxide?

car exhaust

Where else can nicotine be found?

insecticide and addictive drugs

How does smoking control weight?

nicotine is an appetite depressant and elevates metabolism

What are types of tobacco products?

-pipes
-hookah

Define bidis

small hand-rolled, flavored cigarettes that produce three times more carbon monoxide and nicotine and have five times more tar then conventional cigarettes

What are examples of health hazards of tobacco products?

-cancer
-cardiovascular disease
-stroke
-respiratory disorders
-sexual dysfunction
-gum disease

Define leukplakia

a condition characterized by white patched inside the mouth due to chewing tobacco

Define chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

inflamed and easily collapsible airways, obstruction to airflow, problems exhaling and frequent medical clinic visits and hospitalizations.

Define chronic bronchitis

inflamed bronchial tubes produce a lot of mucus. This leads to coughing and difficulty breathing.

Define chronic emphysema

inflammation of the tubes that carry air to your lungs (bronchial tubes), which leads to a persistent cough

What percent of all cases of emphysema are related to cigarette smoking?

80%

What is the risk for female smokers and fertility?

-increase risk of infertility
-ectopic pregnancy
-spontaneous abortion
-still birth

What can smoking do to a baby?

-SIDS
-cleft palate
-cleft lip

Define mainstream smoke

smoke that is drawn through tobacco while inhaling

Define secondhand smoke

smoke from the burning end of a cigarette that is inhaled

What is responsible for 3,400 lung cancer deaths, 46,000 coronary and heart deaths, and creates higher risk of SIDS?

Environmental Tobacco Smoke (secondhand)

What as the Master Settlement Aagreement of 1998?

-tobacco industry pays state $206 billion over 25 years
-measure to support antismoking education and advertising

After how many years of quitting does the risk of lung cancer compare to nonsmokers?

10

After how many years of quitting does the risk of heart disease compare to nonsmokers?

15 years

What are nicotine replacement products?

-Bupropion
-Varenicline
-Nicotine Gum
-Nicotine Lozenges
-Nicotine patch
-Nicotine nasal spray
-Nicotine inhaler

The heart is a __________.

Muscle