Germany

who was kaiser wilhelm?

German leader until he abdicated his throne

what was kasier wilhelm’s main ideals?

strength in the German armed forces, support in fighting the british, adopting an uncompromising line in Serbia

what happened to kaiser wilhelm after the war?

excluded from all military decisions and exiled to the netherlands

who takes over as chancellor from kaiser wilhelm?

Fredrich Ebert

how often was a president elected in the wiemer republic?

every 7 years

what was article 48?

the president could suspend constitution in an emergency, making laws without the support of the reichstag

who is the chancellor chosen by in the weimer republic?

the president

name 3 feature of he reichstag during the weimer republic?

55 representatives

12 german states

could nit make laws but approve them

how often was the reichstag elected?

every 4 years (article 23)

how many members did the reichstag have in 1919?

421

how many members did the reichstag have in 1933?

647

who could vote during the weimer republic?

men and women over the age of 20

what were the years of the weimer republic?

1919-1923

what were the strengths of the weimer republic?

democratic

chancellor needed support of most of the reich

strong president

number of votes=number of seats

what was article 231?

accepting war guilt

what was a common nickname for the politicians in the weimer republic?

the november criminals

who lead the kapp putsch?

wolfgang kapp

what was the aims of the kapp putsch?

to seize Berlin and reinstall the army

why did the kapp putsch fail?

Ebert asked people not to up rise and go on strike so there was little support

what did the people in the kapp putsch do?

kill two ministers

what was the spartacist revolt?

when members of the SDP tried to create a communist government

what happened to the people in the Spartacist revolt?

16 killed after fighting with the army

leaders rounded up and killed

what was the ruhr invasion?

the over taking of the ruhr valley (industrial area) by the french and belgiums as they couldnt pay reparations

what did german workers do as a result of the ruhr invasion?

sabotaged factories and refused to work

when was the invasion of the ruhr?

1923

what is hyperinflation?

inflation of costs when wages dont increase

as a result of hyperinflation what did the german government do?

print more money making it worthless

what were the causes of hyperinflation?

unemployment

unable to pay reperations

government revenue

what was the impact of Ebert continuously using article 48?

no longer a democracy

what was the Munich Putsch?

a revolution from the nazis to try and overthrow the local government

who was involved in the munich putsch?

Hitler

Von Kahr

when was the munich Putsch?

8th November 1923

why did the munich Putsch fail?

leaders who promised support went home and informed the police and army. Hitler was out-numbered and 16 Nazis were killed

what happened to Hitler after the Munich Putsch?

he was charged Treason and sent to prison for 5 years

what were the strengths of a coalition government?

democracy

power of the reichstag- appointed all government and made laws

bill of rights- free speech, religion and equality

what were disadvantages of a coalition government?

proportional representation let small parties make it difficult to pass laws

Article 48- did not define emergency so was often over used, no democracy

when did gustav streseman become chancellor of Germany?

1923

what were common interpritations of streseman?

he was the reason Germany became dependant on America

only provided short term solutions

what problems was Germany facing in 1923?

invasion of the ruhr

reprimands

hyperinflation

what was stresemans idea to combat hyperinflation?

create a new currency rentenmark

how effective was stresemans idea to combat hyperinflation?

it brought back up germanys economic state as its currency now had worth

what was stresemans idea to combat the reparations issue?

take a loan from America, Dawes Plan (1924)

how effective was stresemans idea to combat the reparations issue?

they could pay back france and belgium

now in debt to america

What did stresemann do over his time as Chancellor to help Germany?

Make a currency worth something

Made Germany apart of the United Nations

Define fuhrerprinzip

The leadership principle; the idea that the Nazi Party and Germany should have one leader

What was a main reason for Germanys Great Depression?

The Wall Street crash

When was the Wall Street crash?

October, 1929

What were the consequences of the Wall Street crash?

Banks close

Loans are asked to be paid back

Staff unemployed

Who was the new chancellor during the Wall Street crash?

Bruning

What were Brunings new economic policies?

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Increased cost of imported food

Food prices increased

Salaries and pensions reduced

Unemployment benefits cut

What were the consequences of Brunings news policies

Bruning is not liked

Abuse of article 48

Bypassing parliament to force his laws

No support from rechistagt

What year does Bruning become chancellor?

1930

What year was the Dawes plan?

1924

What was the Dawes plan?

Germany only had to pay 1 million marks for 5 years, then 2.5million until dept was paid. They borrowed 800 million marks

What year was the Locarno pact?

1925

What was the Locarno plan?

Germany, France, and Belgium agreed to respect the Treat of Varsallies boarders

What year was the League of Nations?

1926

What was the League of Nations?

Where Germany was accepted in

What year was the Kellogg-Briand pact?

1928

What was there Kellog-Briand Pact?

Committed signatories had to settle disputes calmly

What year was the young plan?

1930

What was the young plan?

Reduced the total amount of loan cost by 20%, continued loans from USA

What were the factors why Hitler became chancellor?

Unemployment

Josef Goebbels

Increase in votes

Propaganda

Himself(charisma)

Visited citizens

Why did unemployment help Hitler rise to power?

Current government done nothing to help

6 million unemployed

He offered “work and bread”

Why did Josef Goebbels help Hitler come to power?

Understood the media

Designed propaganda

Kept Nazi message simple so people would understand

Put Nazis on the radio

How did Hitler gain more votes?

Used resentment of t of v

If people doubted him, he offered a scapegoat

Why did visiting citizens help Hitler rise to power?

No one had done this

Spread his message

Mass rallies

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How did propaganda help Hitler rise to power?

Showed him offering financial help

On radio, records, newspapers

Show him as a national figure in politics

How did Hitler himself help him rise to power?

Charisma

Strong speaker

Priorities set out clearly

Confident

Could not be distracted

Very clear direction

Command attention

Why did president Hindenburg refuse to give Nazis power?

Did not agree with their views

In what year was Bruning replaced?

1932

Who replaced Bruning?

Franz Von Papen

How was Hitler appointed Chancellor?

Political Deal made

What was the political deal made with Hitler?

That he would be made chancellor is Papen could be made vic-chancellor due to him being replaced. Papen argued to Hindenburg Hitler could be made their puppet

Who was kapp?

A person who faught against the the government(Kapp Putsch)

What was a police state?

A place completely ran by the police that gave a state of trepidation and censorship

When was the SS established?

1925

Name 5 features of the SS

Led by Himmler after 1929

Expected to marry Aryan wives

Obident to Hitler

250,000 members by 1939

Wore black

What was the Gestapo?

Secret police

When was the Gestapo established?

1933

What did the Gestapo do?

Arrest anyone going against Hitlers teachings and send them to concentration camps (Dachau)

When was the Gestapo established?

1933 by Goering

What was the SD?

Intelligence body(MI5)

Name 4 features of the SD

Established in 1931

Under command of Himmler

Heydrich organise spies

Employed doctors, lawyers, teacher

What were 3 features of the legal system

Lawyers had to join German lawyers front

Judges had to wear swatstiker

Hitler could change sentencing

When was the enabling act?

24th March 1933

What was the Enabiling Act?

A document that gave Hitler complete power so he was above the law and above the president

Why did Hitler creat the enabling act?

So he could destroy all opposition and gain total control of Germany.

So he also could not be arrested for any crimes

How was the enabling act passed?

Written by the Nazi Party and gained support form the centre party

No communists could appose as they were all in prison

When was the removal of the oppositions?

May1933-January 1934

What was the removal of the opposition?

The end of all trade unions, political partied and lander

What was the Lander?

Districts with their own parliament

How was the removal of the opposition in forced?

Forcefully removing everything that would give people a voice

Why did Hitler start the removal of the opposition?

So the Nazis could have complete control

Nobody could stand against them

No district could do different things

Name 6 features about education

Athletics was most important

Text books taught Nazi ways/many books destroyed

National political training institutes

Adolf Hitler Schools for elite Hitler youth

Girls taught how to be good mothers and housewives

Meinkampf a common text

Name 2 features about lessons

Begin and end with Hitler salute

All lessons on Nazi life

Name 3 features about the curriculum

Prepear students for future roles

15% physical activity

Race studies

What was the Nazi ideal woman?

No makeup

Heavy hipped

Blond

Flatshoes, full skirt

No smoking

Did not work

No interest in politics

How did Hitler gain a larger population or aryan children?

A marriage loan and kept 1/4 for every child up to 4

What was the 12th of August?

National mothers day(Hitlers mothers birthday)