CLCV 218 - Mid Term 1

What are the Capitoline and Palatine Hills?

Two main hills in early Rome

Capitoline - near the mid-upper city wall

Palatine - Tallest, just below the Capitoline

Who is Livy?

Roman historian

Wrote the History of Rome, late 1st century BC

Who were Romulus and Remus?

Mythical founders of Rome

Who was Tarquinius Priscus?

5th King of Rome (Late 7th - early 6th century)

Hut Urn

Etruscan burial urns in the shape of Etruscan huts

necropolis/cemetery

A burial place often for elite

Forum

An important city center/gathering place

Rape of Sabine women

"Accomplishment" of king Romulus where he tricks the people of Sabine to Rome so that he could steal the women of Sabine and give them as wives to his men of Rome

regia

Large House of Tarquinius Priscus

rex

Latin for King

Where is Rome located?

Middle of Italy in the (Shin)

Where is the Roman Forum?

Bottom of Palatine Hill

Largo Argentina

A square in Rome, Italy, with four Roman Republican temples and the remains of Pompey's Theatre

Who was Tarquinius Superbus?

last person to try and become king of Rome, defeated by Junius Brutus

Who was Lucius Junius Brutus?

he got rid of the tarquin kings

res publica (republic)

the state, republic, or commonwealth.

all free patrician and plebeian men involved in state

Conflict of the Orders

The struggle between the plebeians and the patricians

c. 500-287 BC

Aediles

Roman officials who supervised the public games and the grain supply of the city of Rome

There were 4

Dictator

leaders in state of emergency for 6 months or until end of emergency

concrete

building material made by mixing small stones and sand with limestone, clay, and water

Patricians

Powerful landowners who controlled Roman government and society

cursus honorum

the path of honor, to move up a level in the political sense

Quaestors

6-20

State accountants
Marked acceptance into Senate

Centuriate Assembly

Made up of citizen soldiers-helps declare war and peace;

highest court of appeal for executions or exile;
approved laws laid before them by the senate;
elected higher magistrates

Pozzolana

a type of volcanic ash used for mortar or for cement that sets under water.

Tholos

an ancient Greek circular shrine

Plebeians

All non-land-owning, free men in Ancient Rome

Consuls

2 highest officials

proposed laws
convened Senate
commanders-in-cheif

Censors

2 elected every 5 years for 18 months

only patricians and ex-consuls
Took census, awarded public construction contracts, added or removed senators

forum

A Roman public meeting place

barrel vault

a vault forming a half cylinder

Gallic Sack of Rome

390/387 BC, devastating, by barbarians, fought between Gaul and Rome at rivers Tiber and Allia, dispute of dates between Livy and Polybius

Roman Senate

a council of wealthy and powerful Romans that advised the city's leaders

Praetors

elected to help consuls, commanded armies in times of war and oversaw legal system in times of peace

Tribunes

official who was elected by the Plebeians to protect their interests

Rostra

Speakers' platform in Forum

at Comitium, on front stairs of T. of Castor and Pollux, on stairs of T. of Caesar

ashlar masonry

carefully cut and regularly shaped blocks of stone used in construction, fitted together without mortar

Cloaca Maxima, Roman Forum

The greatest sewer main sewer of Rome, created by Tarquinius Superbus.

Regia, Roman Forum

Royal house

House of early kings
Located above the Temple of Vesta

Comitium, Roman Forum

a voting assembly; the place where an assembly meets

late 6th cent.

Curia, Roman Forum

Senate house with form like current early 4th cent. AD version

Located in the NW of the forum near the lapis niger

Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus

Finished in 509 BC. BIg temple dedicated to Jupiter, Juno and Mars on Capitoline Hill. Where Romans went when Gauls sacked Rome in 390 BC.

Temple of Castor and Pollux

Early temple built in gratitude for a victory at the Battle of Lake Regillus, which Romans attributed to the help of the Gemini, Castor & Pollux

5th cent. BC

Temple of Saturn (Roman Forum)

Located bottom left of the forum near the rostra

5th cent. BC

Temple of Vesta

Located on the East side of the forum

Round building below the regia
2nd cent. BC

Temples A-D, Largo Argentina, Rome

Built between early 3rd and mid-1st cent. BC

shared typical features of Roman temples
made of concrete podiums but limestone walls and columns

Temple of Portunus

75 BCE

Early Roman temple
Combination of Greek and Etruscan style
Etruscan style - enter only in the front
Greek - Ionic columns, frieze, pediment
Engaged columns on the side DO NOT provide structural support because cella is made of CONCRETE

Temple of Hercules or Vesta

Tholos (Greek style)
dedicated by L. Mummius after conquest of Greece in 146 BC

Sanctuary of Fortuna Palestrina

Built in late 2nd cent. BC

based on models on island of Kos and Lindos in the Aegean

Servian Wall

The earliest fortification wall built around Rome's Seven Hills c. 378 BC after the city was sacked by Gauls. It was not expanded or regularly maintained, and the next fortification wall around Rome was only built in 271 AD.

Sicily

Sicily is near the toe of the boot.

Sardinia

southern-most large island in the Tyrrhenian Sea west of Italy

2nd province of Rome

Lower of the 2 islands of the coast of Italy

Corsica

2nd province of Rome

Upper of the 2 islands of the coast of Italy

Cosa

Located in upper Italy on the left side

Founded 273 BC

Ostia

port city of Rome

near Rome closer to the coast

Pompeii

Roman city near Naples, Italy, which was buried during an eruption of Mount Vesuvius in A.D. 79.

Located bottom left side of Italy

Oscans

Italic tribes occupied Italy at the time of Etruscan ruling over Rome. First to settle at Pompeii

Campanians

The Campanians are a local Italic people who take control of Capua and Cumae in 420 BC, gaining possession after slaughtering the aristocrats and taking their wives and belongings. These areas had previously been under Etruscan influence after Etruria had aided in killing Aristodemus, a Cumaean tyrant. These events contributed to Etruria's economic and artistic downfall during the classical period.

Capitoline Triad

The three Roman deities Jupiter, Juno, and Minerva who were worshipped in the Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus on the Capitoline Hill, finished in 509 BC. Temples were dedicated to the Triad in other Roman cities as well.

ager publicus

the Latin name for the public land of Ancient Rome. It was usually acquired via the means of expropriation from enemies of Rome.

cardo

The north-south street in a Roman town, intersecting the decumanus at right angles

Roman citizenship

A specific social status granted by the Roman government that granted privileges regarding governance, property, and respect towards law. They had the right to vote, own property, contracts, and the right to marry Roman citizen. They were freed from property tax, and protected from arbitrary arrest and violence.

province

a territory governed as a political district of a country or empire

Decumanus

the east-west street in a Roman town, intersecting the cardo at right angles

Ius Latinum

Latins gain Roman citizenship

castra

Roman military camp

Colonies were often based on this

Basilica

a large oblong hall or building with double colonnades and a semicircular apse, used in ancient Rome as a court of law or for public assemblies.

late 2nd cent.

socii

The allies of Rome whose lands surround Rome. The people living in these land have a chance to fight for their citizenship and gain military glory.

orthogonal

of or involving right angles; at right angles.

capitolium

An ancient Roman temple dedicated to the gods Jupiter, Juno, and Minerva.

Atrium House

A roman house with a central patio.

Forum at Cosa

Middle right side of the city

Main civic buildings Curia, Comitium
Building activity in late 3rd cent. BC;
curia rebuilt
prison added
8 large houses added
Temple of Concord

Basilica added north of the Comitium (mid 2nd cent.)

Capitolium (late 2nd cent. BC) on a hill at the south end of the city

Forum of Pompeii

*noted for its adherence to space and mass
*built as a regular elongated rectangle with surrounding colonnades.
*Temple of Zeus situated precisely on axis at northern end.
*Basilica situated in the southwest corner, roofed as a vast enclosed space
*court represented a systematic concentration of stoas which were deliberately placed around the agora (marketplace)

Quinctius Valgus and Marcus Porcius

Magistrates that funded much of Pompeii's architecture

Lares and Penates

Roman household gods

August Mau

Discovered the Four Styles of Wall Painting in the 19th Century

Dionysus

God of wine and fertility

Apodyterium

changing room- one dressed and gave their clothes to one of the slave attendants who put them in recesses in the wall

hypocaust

an ancient roman central heating system using hot air ducts in the floors of the building

Pulpitum (Rome)

Raised stage

patron-client system/clientele

Relations in which "Patron" gains support of "Client" through mutual exchange of benefits and obligations.

tablinum (office)

Office, meeting room

frigidarium

The cold-bath section of a Roman bathing establishment

domus

The dining room of a Roman house

scaena

decorative backdrop, often had a stage

fauces

Entrance flanked by shops, service rooms

Lararium

Household shrine to the Lares and Penates

First (masonry) style

A style that consists of fake painted stone to show wealth

tepidarium

warm-bath section of a Roman bathing establishment

orchesta

Section of the theater that was for choruses near the front

postscaenium

dressing rooms
prop storage
often with rear portico

impluvium

In a Roman house, the basin located in the atrium that collected rainwater.

triclinia

Dining table with 3 couches around it

Stabian Baths

Oldest and largest baths in Pompeii

located towards the middle of the city
2nd cent. BC

Forum Baths

Pompeii, Italy, 80 CE, small baths north of the forum

Theater, Pompeii

place to see a play in Pompeii; seated about 5,000 people, enough for all of Pompeii plus visitors from neighboring towns

80-70 BC, remodeled at end of 1st C BC

overseen by Quinctius Valgus and Marcus Porcius

Odeum, Pompeii

ca. 80-70 BCE

Small roofed theater set into a rectangular frame, based on a Greek bouleuterion

City council meetings + "high brow" shows

Funded under chief magistrates Quinctius Valgus and Marcus Porcius

Amphitheater at Pompeii

80 BCE. one of the earliest surviving stone amphitheaters. oval shape (double theater). partly built into the ground, and partly supported on arches and vaults.

House of the Surgeon

Pompeii, Italy, 2nd c. BCE

Common building showing of an elite private house
Surgeon tools were found here

House of the Faun

large Roman villa, named for the bronze statue of a faun located in the impluvium

built 1st half of the 2nd cent. BC, extended in the late 2nd cent. BC

Has a large peristyle