MSK

Functional classification of joints

Synarthrosis: No movement

Amphiarthrosis: Little movement

Diarthrosis: Wide range of movement

Structural classification of joints

Bony: complete fusion of 2 bones

FIbrous: Held together by dense collagen fiber

Cartilaginous: held together by cartilage

Synovial: Contain a joint space held together by joint capsule

Classification and types of Synovial joint

Plane

Hinge

Pivot

Condylar

Saddle

Ball and socket

bones of the cranium

frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal, sphenoid, ethmoid

sutures of the cranium

coronal, sagittal, squamous, lambdoid

Pterion

H-shaped suture junction region that unites the frontal, parietal, temporal, and sphenoid bones on the lateral side of the skull

bones of the cranial cavity

parietal, temporal, frontal, occipital, sphenoid, ethmoid

3 basins that comprise the cranial floor

anterior cranial fossa

middle cranial fossa

posterior cranial fossa

bones of the facial skeleton

maxillae - upper jaw

palatine - posterior roof of mouth

zygomatic - cheek bones

lacrimal - part of medial walls of orbits

nasal - bridge of nose

vomer - inferior portion of nasal septum

Inferior nasal conchae - extend into nasal cavity from its lateral walls

mandible - lower jaw

Ethmoid - Superior bony nasal septum

Sphenoid - greater and lesser wings, posterior orbit

paranasal sinuses

frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, maxillary

Subdivisions of the mandible

Horizontal body

Ascending Rami

mandible joint

temporomandibular joint

unique features of cervical vertebrae

1. transverse foramen to transmit arteries and veins to/from the brain

2. bifid spinous process

3. uncinate process

cervical vertebral allow for which types of movement

Flexion

Extension

Lateral flexion

Rotation

Types of muscle fiber arrangements

Convergent

Circular

Fusiform

Multipennate

Parallel

Unipennate

Bipennate

Origin and insertion of occipitalis

Origin: Occipital and temporal bone

Insertion: Epicranial neurosis

Origin and Insertion of Frontalis

origin: Epicranial aponeurosis

insertion: subcutaneous layer of eyebrows

Origin and Insertion of Corrugator Superchilli

Origin: Orbital rim of frontal bone near nasal suture

Insertion: Lateral eyebrow

Origin and Insertion of orbicularis Oculi

Origin: Medial margin of orbit

Insertion: Skin around eyelids

Origin and Insertion of Levator palpebrae superioris

origin: Orbital rim of optic foramen

Insertion: Eyelids

Origin and Insertion of Nasalis

Origin: Maxilla & Alar cartilage

Insertion: Bridge of nose

Origin and Insertion of Orbicularis oris

origin: maxillary bone and mandible

insertion: lips

Origin and Insertion of levator Labii Superioris

origin: infraorbital rim of maxilla

insertion: skin of upper lip

Origin and Insertion of Levator Anguli oris

Origin: Canine fossa of maxilla

Insertion: Angle of the mouth

Origin and Insertion of Zygomaticus Minor

Origin: zygomatic bone

Insertion: upper lip

Origin and Insertion of Zygomaticus Major

Origin: zygomatic bone

Insertion: angle of mouth

Origin and Insertion of Risorius

origin: fascia of masseter muscle

Insertion: angle of mandible

Origin and Insertion of Mentalis

origin: mandible

insertion: chin

Origin and Insertion of Depressor anguli oris

Origin: Anterolateral surface of mandible

Insertion: Skin at mouth angle

Origin and Insertion of Depressor labii inferioris

Origin: Mandible anterior midline

Insertion: Skin of lower lip

Origin and Insertion of Platysma

Origin: Superior Thorax

Insertion: kin of cheek & Mandible ridge

muscles for facial expressions

Corrugator supercilli

Orbicularis Oculi

Levator Palpebrae Superioris

Nasalis

Orbicularis oris

Levator labii superioris

Levator anguli Oris

Zygomaticus minor & Major

Risorius

Mentalis

Depressor Anguli oris

Depressor Labii Inferiors

Platysma

muscles for mastication

temporalis, masseter, medial pterygoid, lateral pterygoid

Origin and Insertion of Medial pterygoid

Origin: pterygoid plate

Insertion: medial surface of angle of mandible

Origin and Insertion of lateral Pterygoid

Origin: Pterygoid plate

Insertion: Mandibular condyle

Origin and Insertion of Sternocleidomastoid

origin: sternum and clavicle

insertion: mastoid process of the temporal bone

What blood vessel supplies the neck, jaw and cranium

External Common Carotid

What blood vessel suples the Brain and Eyes

Internal common carotid

_____ ascends within transverse foramina of cervical vertebrae

Vertebral artery

What blood vessel receives blood from the surface of cranium, face and jaw and drains into the brachiocephalic vein

External Jugular

What blood vessel receives blood from the internal cranium, brain, face & neck and exits the skull via the jugular formen

Internal jugular

Bones of the shoulder girdle

clavicle and scapula

Joints of the shoulder girdle

Sternoclavicular

Acromioclavicular

Scapulothoracic

Structure and functional classification of the sternoclavicular joint

Diarthrotic, Synovial saddle Joint

Allows biaxial movement

ligaments of sternoclavicular joint

anterior and posterior sternoclavicular ligaments

interclavicular ligament

costoclavicular ligament

glenoid labrum

fibrocartilage ring that deepens glenoid cavity

ligaments of the acromioclavicular joint

acromioclavicular

coracoclavicular

coracoacromial

Structural, Functional and movement of the acromioclavicular joint

Diarthrotic Synovial Plane joint

Gliding

ligaments of the glenohumeral joint

coracohumeral and glenohumeral ligaments

ligaments of elbow joint

Radial collateral ligament

Ulnar collateral ligament

Annular ligament

Bones of the upper limb

humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges

List the carpal bones

Hint* So Long The Pinky Her Come The Thumb

scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate

Movement of shoulder joint

flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation, circumduction

movement of pectoral girdle

protraction, retraction, elevation, depression

Muscles of the pectoral girdle

Anterior: Pectoralis Minor & Serratus anterior

Posterior: Trapezius, Rhomboids (Minor & Major) & Levator scapulae

Origin and Insertion of pectoralis minor

origin: Anterior surface of ribs 3-5

insertion: coracoid process of scapula

Origin and Insertion of serratus Anterior

origin: Lateral surface ribs 1-9

inserts: medial border of scapula

Origin and Insertion of trapezius

origin: spinous processes of C2-T12

insertion: scapula and superior surface of clavicle

Origin and Insertion of Rhomboids

origin: spinous processes of C7 and T1-T5

insertion: medial border of scapula

Origin and Insertion of Levator Scapulae

origin: transverse processes of C1-C4

insertion: medial border of scapula

List of muscles that act at the Glenohumeral joint

Pectoralis Major

Coracobrachialis

Subscapularis

Deltoid

Supraspinatus

Latissimus Dorsi

Teres major & Minor

Infraspinatus

Origin and Insertion of pectoralis major

origin- sternum and clavicle

insertion- intertubercular groove on humerus (lateral lip)

Origin and Insertion of Coracobrachialis

origin: coracoid process of scapula

insertion: shaft of humerus

Origin and Insertion of Subscapularis

origin: subscapular fossa

insertion: lesser tubercle of humerus

Muscles of the rotator cuff

supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis

Origin and Insertion of Deltoid

Origin: clavicle and scapula

Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity

Origin and Insertion of Supraspinatus

origin: supraspinous fossa

insertion: super aspect of greater tubercle of humerus

Origin and Insertion of Latissimus Dorsi

O: T6 - Sacrum, iliac crest

I: Intertubercular groove of humerus

Origin and Insertion of Teres major

Origin: Scapula

Insertion: Medial Lip of intertubercular groove of humerus

Origin and Insertion of Teres minor

origin: lateral border of scapula

insertion: Posterior aspect greater tubercle of humerus

Origin and Insertion of Infraspinatus

origin: infraspinous fossa of scapula

insertion: Posterior aspect greater tubercle of humerus

Muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm

biceps brachii, brachialis, brachioradialis

origin and insertion of biceps brachii

Origin: supraglenoid tubercle (Long head) and coracoid process (Short head)

Insertion: radial tuberosity

Origin and Insertion of Brachialis

Origin: distal anterior humerus

Insertion: coronoid process of ulna

Origin and Insertion of Brachioradialis

Origin: lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus

Insertion: styloid process of radius

Origin and Insertion of triceps brachii long head

origin: infraglenoid tubercle

insertion: olecranon process of ulna

Origin and Insertion of triceps brachii medial head

origin: Distal posteromedial humerus

Insertion: Olecranon process of ulna

Origin and Insertion of triceps brachii lateral head

origin: Proximal Posteromedial humerus

Insertion: Olecranon Process of Ulna

Origin and Insertion of Anconeus

Origin: Posterolateral epicondyle of humerus

Insertion: Posterolateral Olecranon of ulna

Origin and Insertion of Pronator teres

Origin: Medial Supracondylar Ridge

Insertion: Lateral radius

Origin and Insertion of Pronator Quadratus

Origin: distal anterior ulna

Insertion: distal anterior radius

Origin and Insertion of supinator

origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus & crest of ulna

insertion: anterolateral radius

muscles responsible for supination

supinator, biceps brachii & Brachioradialis

Components of the intervertebral disc

annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus

Zygapophyseal (facet) joints

synovial plane joints found at articular processes on vertebrae; innervated by dorsal rami

unique features of cervical vertebrae

1. transverse foramen to transmit arteries and veins to/from the brain

2. bifid spinous process

3. uncinate process

unique features of thoracic vertebrae

Costal facets on posterior, lateral sides of bodies for articulation with head of ribs

Facets on transverse processes for articulation with tubercle of ribs (except for T11 and T12)

costovertebral joint

pertaining to the joint between a rib and a vertebra

costotransverse joint

Tubercle of rib articulates with transverse process

true ribs

first 7 pairs of ribs; attach directly to sternum

false ribs

last 5 pairs of ribs; attach indirectly to sternum

floating ribs

last two pairs of ribs; do not attach to sternum

unique features of lumbar vertebrae

Sagittal facet joints

large body

Large spinous process

The spinal cord courses begins at

Foramen magnum of the occipital bone

what is the name of the distal end of the spinal cord and where does it terminate

Conus Medullaris

terminates at L1-L2

cauda equina

"horse's tail", a fan of nerve fibers below the spinal cord

filum terminale

thin thread of fibrous tissue at end of conus medullaris, attaches to coccygeal ligament

Boundaries of vertebral canal

Anterior = Vertebral bodies, PLL and IV Discs

Laterally = Vertebral pedicles

Posterior = laminae and ligamentum flavum

intrinsic muscles

Muscles operating from within & acting at the site

extrinsic muscles

muscles operating from an external or distal site