BUS 237 midterm

information system

group of components that interact to make information

five fundamentals of an IS

hardware, software, people, data, procedure

IS combines ppl and procedures to

make technology work for businesses

management info systems are used for

development and use of of IS to reach business goals

IT

raw tech parts of an IS like hardware, software and data structure components

3 key elements of MIS

development and use, information systems, goals and objectives

moore’s law

number of transistors per square inch on an integrated chip doubles every 18 months

lock in of technologies

more participants means rise in value of good

digital firm

core business processes accomplished through digital networks

in a digital firm

intellectual property, core competencies and financial/human rights are managed digitally

digital firms are

time shifting and space shifting

time shifting

business conducted 24/7

space shifting

work takes place in global workshop

6 strategic business objectives

operational excellence, new products/services, survival, competitive edge, improved decision-making, customer/supplier intimacy

IT flattening

flattens hierarchy in orgs by distributing information to all

operational exellence

improve efficency

improved decision-making

using real time and accurate data to make decisions

quick decision can lead to

competitive advantage

survival

necessity of doing business

moore’s law suggests

price/performance decreases (computers get smaller and cheaper )

what seperates IT and IS

people and processes

software

set of instructions that tell hardware what to do

operating system software

makes hardware usable, like windows

application software

does something useful, like excel

data

collection of facts

role of IS

turn data into information into organizational knowledge

information

data presented in meaningful context

good information is

accurate, timely, relevant, just barely sufficient, worth its cost

process

series of steps to reach goals

activities use IS to

automate, manipulate and innovate

business processes

use, generate and store information used for managerial/strategic decisions

hidden component of IS

communication

ERP

enterprise resource planning

ERP is a

set of integrated programs

3 dimensions of IS

management, organization, technology

management

business strategies, new products and services

organization

implement strategies

technology

provide means to implement strategies

operational decisions

day to day activities, TPS

managerial decisions

allocation of resources, MIS

strategic decisions

organizational issues, EIS

TPS (transaction processing)

collecting, storing, modifying, retrieving data and generating reports

types of TPS

batch processing and real-time processing

MIS

organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases and devices that provide periodic info to managers and decision makers

DSS (decision support)

uses internal and external data to help decision makers analyze complex and interactive decisions

ESS (executive support)

same approach as DSS for manager but more focused towards executives

TPS is used for

reading daily transactions and making structured decisions

MIS is used for

utilize data from TPS and making semi-structured decisions

DSS is used for

making unstructured decisions by senior managers

structured decisions

understood and accepted method for making the decision

unstructured decisions

no agreed on decision making method

activities

parts of businesses that transform resources

facilities

structures used within business processes

BPMN

business process modelling notation

business processing management

generating info useful for management

total quality management

BPM technique focused on improving quality

six sigma

BPM technique developed by motorola, focus on developing quality

lean production

manufacturing method focused on using resources as efficiently as possible

change in IT infrastructure

changes how we interact with IT

mainframe era

IT organized and stored info centrally

PC revolution era

standalone machines for personal use, word processing, spreadsheets and databases

client server era

networking and data sharing of computers (combines mainframe and mini computers)

Internet, world wide web and e-commerce era

internet based businesses, globalizations, computer viruses and hard to integrate LAN’s

hardware vs software

physical vs on hard drive

computer w/o hardware

can run but hardware gives increases functionality

computer w/o software

can run but w/o OS you get error or no info

computers do 3 things

accept input (raw data), process data and produce output (info)

minicomputers

middle range computers that cost less than mainframes and customizable

LAN

local area network

WAN

wide are network

TCP/IP

transmission control protocol/internet protocol (open source software)

cloud computing era

relies on massive computing owned by large companies

4 changes in IT infrastructure

mainframe to client/server architecture to enterprise internet to cloud

LAN is used for

linking many personal computers together

WAN is used for

the internet and web browsing

internet of things

connecting dumb devices to make them smart

basic hardware categories

input, processing, output, storage

examples of input devices

controllers, keyboards, microphones

examples of output devices

monitors, printers, speakers

bits

binary digits used to represent data in 0 or 1

bytes

bits grouped in 8-bit chunks to represent one character

motherboard

all computer hardware connects to it

CPU (central processing system)

handles all info coming in and going out of computer

RAM (random access memory)

contains running OS and program, turns off with memory

ROM (read only memory)

stays when power is off, used to boot up machine

flash memory drive

small storage device like usb

flash memory card

high capacity storage card

fixed disk drives

mechanical disk drive, measure in gb

solid state hard drive (SSD)

uses flash memory for storage, fast but expensive

CD-ROM

compact disks, store up to 700 mb of data

DVD

digital versatile disk, stores up to 8.5 gb of data

BD blu ray

single layer stores 25 gb, dual layer stores 50 gb

BDXL blu ray

stores 128 gb

the cloud

hard drive space accessible via the internet

client

computers used to review and process information, ex word processing

server

provide access to information and application

firmware

computer software installed into devices (ROM) and becomes part of devices memory

basic input/output system (BIOS)

instruction stored in ROM installed on the motherboard

BIOS makes sure

all other chips, hard drives, ports and CPU function together

2 types of computer softwares

operating system (OS), application programs