Studied by 11 people
Looks like no one added any tags here yet for you.
Marshall McLuhan
people should observe not only the media itself but the ways in which new medium disrupts traditions and reshapes social life.
social impact of the media was that they became an extension of the human senses and alter the social world
epistemology
theories help us understand more about reality and push the bounds of the theory of knowledge
hypothermic needle theory
Adam Smith
created the utopian ideal that formed capitalism
essential theory is the motive to make a profit
it is not from the benevolence of the butcher, the brewer or the baker that we expect our dinner, but from regard to their own interests.
populism
using crisis talk to amplify ontological insecurity
private ownership
need to make a profit by selling content to audiences or audience attention to advertisers
public ownership
founded by government but operate under a “charter” giving them independent donations
State
state licensed media exists in societies where governments regulate who can make media
active audience
directly engaging
uses
mediums and media
gratifications
what is gained from social engagement
propoganda
one dimensional messaging void of countering ideas
name calling
dehumanize others by reducing them to a term concept
glittering generalities
leverage virtue words to make broad claims
band wagon
appeal to crowd identity; show unity of crowd
plain folks
win confidence by appearing relatable “farmer Joe”
fact
an objective statement based by proven and verifiable research
truth
culmination of reliable facts with evidence over time to substantiate a statement
literacy
ability to recognize, interpret and use language to communicate ideas
media literacy
ability to recognize, interpret and use cultural signs and symbols across medias
cultural text
media composed of cultural signs and symbols to communicate messages
saturated with social meaning
generate political effects and oppose governing institutions
cultural relevance
informs persuades, cautions, entertains using cultural texts and symbols
misinformation
false, misleading or poorly represented information without malicious intent
disinformation
false misleading or poorly represented information by someone who knows the information is wrong
media
plural for medium
medium
a thing that packages and stores information
communication
transfer information a means of relaying information that has been packaged and stored
if a medium contains information→ communication is the process and outcome of moving the information
interpersonal communication
between two people
mediated
through a medium
convergence
coming together to make something new
types of convergence
technological, cultural, economic
ethics
branch of philosophy that examines questions of right and wrong. framework for good moral decision making. context impacts ethics
morals
what we interpret as right or wrong
meta ethics
why we consider something right or wrong
character
duty, consequences and relationships
virtuous ethics
virtuous character will result in a virtuous life
golden rule
treat others how you wish to be treated
golden mean
moral middle ground between two extremes
platinum rule
treat others how they want to be treated
consequences
weigh the outcome to determine what is ethical
utilitarianism
ends justifies the means
duties
you must follow the prescribed set of rules despite outcome. Deemphasis on personal choice and decision making. Moral laws apply to everyone equally
you are ethical by following the rules
hedonism
celebrate the individual over all else
nihilism
no need for morals because life is meaningless
narcisism
dominant self interest
doxing
dropping documents to publish identifying information about a person
doxxer
person who doxes
media effects
a group of theories about outcomes from viewing reading, time playing and engaging in media
effect
outcome or result
affect
to impact or cause change
theory
explanation of how something works
Apply theory to phenomenon to help us understand theory and predict subsequent phenomenon
epistemology
the study of knowledge. we observe reality and make and test theories to expand boundaries
Federal Communication Commision
grants and renews TV and media licenses
Economics
study of resource scarcity, production and consumption of goods and services
emphasizes financial gain and loss in mathematical terms
defamation
false information harming the reputation of a person, business, or organization
Johnny Depp Case
Libel
written form of defamation
slander
verbal form of defamation
burden of proof
the plaintiff must prove libel or slander
character (law)
who you are
reputation
what people think you are
direct (media effect)
argues that media exposure and frequency have direct and strong effects
limited (media effect)
argues media exposure and frequency have short term and weak effects
indirect (media effect)
argues that other factors intercede between media exposure frequency and effect
cultivation
the more people consume a type of media the more they see the world around them to be like that media
third-person effect
everyone is susceptible to media messages but me!
spiral of silence
people will stay silent if they believe their views and beliefs are in the minority
gatekeeping
involved determining what messages an audience receives or doesn’t receive
framing
select some aspect of reality and make it more noticeable and meaningful
Selection + salience
agenda setting
the more coverage a news story gets, the more likely people will be interested in it
symbolic annihilation
absence of representation or under-representation of a social group in the media
power
ability to control other people processes and things, even in the face of resistance
hegemony
dominant class establishes ruling ideas as the status quo
ideology
embedding of relations in the dominant ideas of society
a specific system of ideas
dominant group uses material organization to develop a material or ideological front
culture industry
industrialized meaning making
oligopoly
ownership in a sector is concentrated in the hands of a few corporations
economies of scale
costs go down because more of something can be produced at one time
censorship
act of prohibiting certain expression or content
indecent content
content that is offensive but not obscene
obscenity
one of the forms of speech not protected by the first amendment and subject to censorship
satire
journalism that uses irony, humor, and mockery to criticize or poke fun of ideas
government
institution to organize social and political life
policy
framework by the government to guide action
laws
rules and standards that fulfill a policy
enforcement
ensure compliance with laws and regulations
regulation
rules by the government agencies that detail how to comply with policies
hypodermic needle theory
belief that media inject its message straight into a passive audience
uses and gratification theory
media users play an active role in choosing and using the media
critical theory
critical of status quo relationships between two people, institutions and structures
critical race theory
structure, institutions, policies and procedures benefit white people
imposter content
content that impersonates a real source
manipulated content
genuine information that is edited or manipulated to deceive
false context
genuine information that shared with false contextual information
satire parody
misinformation created with the purpose to entertain. no intention to harm but has the potential to fool and mislead
Four functions of Mass communications
surveillance, correlation, cultural transmission, entertainment
cultural transmission
transferring dominant culture
entertainment
mix of cultural, correlation, surveillance
West Virginia BOE vs. Barnette
established that public school students have free speech rights at school and no compelled speech doctrine
Hazel vs. Kuhlmeier
school officials school officials have broad power to censor school- sponsored student expression if they come up a legitimate reason
