BIB- final

Major prophets

Isaiah, Jeremiah, lamentations, Ezekiel, Daniel

Minor prohets

Hosa, Joel, Amos, Obadiah, Jonah, Micah, Nahun, Habakkuk, Zephaniah, Haggai, Zechariah, Malachi

Former prophets

Judges, 1 Samuel, 2 Samuel, 1 kings, 2 kings

historical earlier period

Latter prophets

Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel

later period

Hozeh and Ro-eh

 “one who sees” “seer”  from God’s perspective(nathan showed david)

Nabi, nabu

*  “to call” = “called one, one who is called” (god called samuel to be his spokesperson)

Criteria to determine a true prophet

Moses provided two criteria that could be used to distinguish between a true prophet and a false prophet

* The prophet’s message had to be consistent with earlier revelation.
* If the prophet predicted the future, this prediction must come true.
* The punishment for false prophecy was death

 

Reasons OT prophecy is unique

**Old testament is unique because:**


1. OT prophecy is based on the presupposition God’s covenant relationship with Israel. 

\-focus on the heart, actions, motivations


2. OT prophecy calls on people to love God, and then to act on the basis of their love for Him. Sacrifice and obedience flow out of love for God. 
3. OT prophecy is addressed to all people rather than only rulers or selected individuals.
4. OT prophecy focuses on the heart, dealing with attitudes and motives as well as the actions that result from them.
5. Biblical prophecy looks at the far-reaching implications of the actions of people. 

Characteristics of biblical prophets

**6 characteristics of biblical prophets:**


1. Prophets were devoted to God
2. The prophets were called by God
3. The prophets were messengers(says things God told them to say)
4. The prophets were forthellers(a person who speaks God’s truth for his or hers own generation, this is what you need to do now)
5. The prophets were foretellers(things you need to do later)
6. The prophets were creative

Isaiah: Assyria

Deutero-Isaiah

Trito-Isaiah

Uzziah

Arguments for multi-author and

single author of Isaiah

**In support of multiple authorship and multiple sections of Isaiah**:


1. Much of Isaiah 40-66 describes the period  during or after the Babylonian exile (approximately 587-538 BC). 
2. The subject matter is different. 

* Isaiah’s generation, future


3. There is a difference in vocabulary and style. 
4. Isaiah 44:24 and 45:1 mention Cyrus, the king of Persia, by name. 

Support of a unified view of Isaiah

* Isaiah could have written predictive prophecy
* There are many similarities
* Writers use more than one vocabulary and style
* No partition between Isaiah 39 and Isaiah 40 
* NT writers attribute the whole book to Isaiah
* The mention of Cyrus’ name does not prevent Isaiah from being the author of the final section of the book.

→God revealed the name of Cyrus to Isaiah

→a later editor added cyrus’ name

It seems the current evidence best supports the view of a unified book with Isaiah as the author

Remnant

God of the nations

Results of turning to God (2:1-5)

Three results of turning to the God or Israel:

* A new righteous way of living
* Justice between the nations
* This justice will lead to peace

God of all nations not just judah or Israel

Postmonialist church would get better and better, brings God's church on earth

Aspects of Isaiah’s call (6:1-8)

* Isaiah is confronted with God’s holiness(vv. 1-4)
* Isaiah realizes his own sin (v. 5)
* God cleanses Isaiah’s sin (vv. 6-7)
* God sends Isaiah to do His work (v.8)

Holy was repeated 3 times b/c it is really being emphasized, not a place on earth without God’s glory

Temple of jerusalem or transported to a heavenly temple 

God sends Isaiah to be a prophet, takes him at a point of his weakness and sinfulness

“Virgin” (7:14)

The virgin birth of Jesus Christ

Issues:

* The hebrew word translated “virgin” to young women, could imply a young unmarried women(expected to be a virgin)
* Whether Isaiah and his original readers would have seen this prophecy as referring to the virgin birth of the Messiah

“Messiah” (9:1-7)

* Jesus as the light of God
* The promised Messiah (bring righteousness to earth, prince of peace, Will be equal with God himself, king that rule’s last forever) wonderful concealer, mighty god, prince of peace, 
* Concelor God Father Prince of peace(holy spirit, god father, Jesus) trinitary reference


* Prediction of Jesus being the light

Hezekiah’s God vs. Sennacherib’s god (36-37)

* Assyrian siege of Jerusalem during the reign of King Hezekiah
* Which was more powerful, the God of Israel or the gods of the Assyrians? 
* The message is: Trust in the God who is able to help you; do not turn to gods that are powerless and unable to help you.
* Hezekiah’s people were told not to listen to him
* He cried out to God for his resistance
* The words of the assyrians put down God
* Jerusalem doesn’t surrender
* Hezekiah prays to God and asks them to be thrown into the fire b/c they aren’t true Gods
* God answers the prayer, Assyrian army was killed during the night
* King goes to nenab, his sons kill him while he worships 

“The voice crying in the wilderness” (40)

__Isaiah 40:1-5__

* John the Baptist about the coming Messiah


* V. 3 reference to a promise from john the baptist
* Glory of the father 
* Prediction and fulfillment between Isaiah and Gospel

__Isaiah 40:28-31__

* God’s superiority
* God is eternal. 
* He is the ruler of all things. 
* God created everything. 
* His strength and power are unlimited. 
* The limitation of human beings
* Title most common for Jesus is not savior but instead Christ and Lord(ruler)
* God not only has strength but gives strength, God doesn’t become weary or tired but helps the ones who do

Difference between true God and false gods (44:1-20)

* Contrast between the true God and false gods 


* V.6-8 I am the first and the last, there is no other true God
* A story about a man who cuts a tree and takes half burns it in a fire to cook food and warm himself. Takes the other half and shapes it into an images and says its his God
* Isaiah says it's foolish and is still a block of wood
* God is the true God, he creates us out of nothing
* How much status to we give to things we make with our hands, overly dependant, how much can it really help

“Suffering servant” (53)

* The Messiah as the suffering servant who suffered in our place for our sins


* Jesus suffered and died in our place so that we can have forgiveness of sin and eternal life through Him.


* The people praised his name and then turned on him, said crucify him
* God didn’t speak
* Prediction in Isaiah of the death of God

Anathoth

Baruch

* Secretary of Jeremiah

Characteristics of Jeremiah

**Five primary characteristics:** 


1. Honesty. 

* Jeremiah was open, didn’t cover any up, told God everything
* Would complain to God


2. Courage. 

* Despite his feelings or suffering he would still obey God


3. Hatred for morally and spiritually wrong behavior. 

* Talked against social injustice


4. Sensitivity to suffering. 

* Cries out to God after seeing other people suffer
* Asks why God let it happen


5. Hope for the future. 

* Trust in God
* Good will still come

Babylon

Babylon 

Jeremiah lives threw tension and destruction

Zedekiah

* His sons are killed in front of him
* Eyes are punched out

Audience of Jeremiah’s message (1:4-19)

__Jeremiah 1:4-19__—Jeremiah’s call to ministry 

* Not only did God know Jeremiah; God also created him. 
* Jeremiah is to take God’s message to the nations. 
* Jeremiah’s message to the nations has two sides. 
* One side was judgment of God and another was to plant and build
* Replacing Bad with Good

Israel’s two sins (2:1-37)

This message is intended especially for the people of Jerusalem and Judah. 

* They have forsaken God.


* In His place, they have worshiped other gods. 

In the same way that God has rejected these other nations, He will also reject Israel because they have worshiped the gods of these nations. 

“The potter” (18:1-10)

* The Lord commands Jeremiah to go to a potter’s house
* God holds the nations in His hands, mold and shape as He chooses
* God says he is the potter, God can discard a nation and begin again
* He might discard people who don’t yield to his purposes
* God does not exist for us. We exist for Him

Sin of Judah’s leaders (23:1-6)

* Bad shepherds, the leaders lack purpose and don’t attend to the people which leads them astray
* God’s people will not be scattered among the nations forever. He will gather them together once again.
* Messiah in v. 5&6 judah will be saved, the lord of righteousness
* Don’t confuse the political views
* Two views of the identity of Judah:
* Literal: Gathers the people of judah 
* Symbolic(more often): Judah is speaking to the church, Chrsit will gather the new nation

Two interpretations of “Judah” (23:1-6)

* Bad shepherds, the leaders lack purpose and don’t attend to the people which leads them astray
* God’s people will not be scattered among the nations forever. He will gather them together once again.
* Messiah in v. 5&6 judah will be saved, the lord of righteousness
* Don’t confuse the political views
* Two views of the identity of Judah:
* Literal: Gathers the people of judah 
* Symbolic(more often): Judah is speaking to the church, Chrsit will gather the new nation

Reason for and meaning of Jeremiah’s letter (29)

* The reason for Jeremiah’s letter is that there were false prophets living among the people in Babylon
* Jeremiah said that was wrong and they didn't bring his word. Says to marry and build a life bc they’ll be there for 70 years. Not meant to discourage them, meant to encourage and show that God still has a plan but God’s timing is different
* The people must not base their hope for the future on their desire to return to Jerusalem. 
* Hope for the future is not based on a place, it is based on a relationship. 
* God reveals his plan at his time and pace

Old covenant and new covenant (31:31-34)

* God promises a new covenant with His people. 
* People’s lives were uprooted 
* “The fathers have eaten sour grapes, and the children’s teeth have been set on edge” (v. 29). 
* People felt the were being punished for previous generations, children would no longer be judged on their parents and people before them
* Each person will be judged on the basis of his/her own actions. 
* The old covenant explains God’s relationship with Israel in the OT. 
* The new covenant describes God’s relationship with His people since the time of the NT.
* God dwells within His people as the Holy Spirit. 
* God’s law isn’t limited to a written document, God’s will internally 

__Lamentations:__

Jeremiah

Jeremiah witnessed the fall of jerusalem and expressed sorrow

Laments

Laments- expression of sorrow

Acrostic

Acrostic → alphabetical order, first letter of the verse begins with a different letter in alphabet

Helps with memorization

Pattern

Destruction of Jerusalem

* Impending destruction of Jerusalem
* God has brought judgment and grief, but one day He will show love and compassion for His people once again.

God’s faithfulness

* Jeremiah prays that God will forgive His people and restore them to their former status. But he also admits that God is sovereign: God has the right to judge and to punish His people as He wishes. 
* Ch. 3 is referred to frequently
* In mist of destruction there is hope bc of God's hope, God is faithful.God rules forever
* God answers Jeremiah’s pray, he knows God is faithful

Ezekiel:

Babylonian exile

3 limitations of Jewish freedom

*Three limitations to Jewish freedom:* 

1\.They could not go back home to Jerusalem 

2\.They could not set up their own independent government 

3\.They were discouraged from worshiping their own God

Symbolic acts (Ezekiel)

Visions (Ezekiel)

Autobiographical

Four creatures and the “wheels” (1)

__Ezekiel 1:__

* Each of these creatures had four faces—the face of a man, the face of a lion, the face of an ox, and the face of an eagle. 
* A wheel inside of a wheel
* Ezekiel never explains the identity of the four creatures and what the wheels were. 
* “One who had the appearance of a man.” 
* Purpose: God’s glory
* Approach the throne with Ezekiel

Judah’s sin and the results (8-10)

__Ezekiel 8-10—__

* Ezekiel saw people worshiping idols. 
* They had brought their idolatry into the temple itself. 
* The people are killed. 
* The Son of God appears to Ezekiel in human form. 
* Ezekiel was foretelling the destruction of Jerusalem and temple by the Babylonians in 587 BC. 
* The glory of the Lord left the temple

A man grabs Ezekiel by the hair and sets him in jerusalem 

Ezekiel sees people along the way to the temple worship idols, gets close and people were worshiping the sun

People brought idolatry into the temple of God

God says he sees what they’re doing, they think he doesn’t know

Son of God appeared to Ezekial in human form before 

Appearance of God, theophany →incarnation (john 1:14) Abraham, Ezekiel, furnace

God’s justice (18)

__Ezekiel 18__

This proverb meant that children were punished for the sins of their parents. 

God will punish each person for his/her own sins, not his/her parent’s sins. 

Two great truths:


1. God is just. 
2. We have all sinned. →children are blamed for only what they’ve done

Ezekiel calls on the people to repent: to turn away from their sin and to turn to God. 

Interpretations of “king of Tyre” (28:1-10)

__Ezekiel 28:1-10__

King of Tyre 

\-Tries to be God, Ezekiel says he isn’t God

\-Idolatry 

Symbolic interpretation: Satan 

Literal interpretation: King of Tyre→prediction of Judgement, Invaders are going to come, he’ll die, destruction on him

Combination interpretation→by person say he doesn’t need god and can live his own way is following the example or pattern satan sets up, Satan told adam and eve they would be like Gods , satan’s temptation 

Watchman’s responsibility (33:1-11)

__Ezekiel 33:1-11__

* Watchman -stands guard against possible enemy invasion, his responsibly to warn the people by trumpet, responsible for their death if he doesn’t warn them

If he does warn them and the people don’t listen that is their fault because he did his job

* God has appointed Ezekiel to be a watchman.
* God works through judgment and through transformation. →God is righteous, judges the wicked but gives the chance to turn away from sin
* If we do not warn other people, then “their blood is on our hands.” →we should spread the word of God

“Devoured children” (36:13-18)

__Ezekiel 36:13-38__

“Devoured children” and “worshiped idols”

→suggest child sacrifice to worship idols,

How God will vindicate His Name (36:24-27)

God will show that He is not like the gods of other nations.

1\.God will gather Israel from among the nations (v. 24)

2\.God will purify Israel (v. 25).

3\.God will give them a “heart of flesh” (v. 26).

4\.God will enable them to obey His commandments(v. 27).

Breathing new life into people, spiritual rebirth

People can’t by their own efforts please God

Two interpretations of Ezekiel 36

Literal interpretation: the restoration of Israel after the second coming of Christ. Restoration of Israel

Spiritual interpretation: The Lord gathers the church from among the nations.

The source of life (37:1-14)

__Ezekiel 37:1-14__

The most famous story in Ezekiel

God’s Spirit transports Ezekiel to a valley full of dried bones. 

Lord as can these bones live, Ezekiel says Lord you know, means that we don’t know what God will do but he does

God tells him to speak to the bones, the bones came together and they turned in people/bodies but they had no breath, no life

God said to speak to the breath, the winds and they turned into an army and gave them life

Shows God bring new life and spiritual life, Shows God wants Ezekiel to have a part in what he is doing, God chooses to work through people to accomplish his tasks

* God is the source of life. 
* Through the proclamation of God’s Word, we become His partners in God’s work of bringing spiritual life.

Five interpretations of Ezekiel 40-48

Possible interpretations: 


1. The temple was built under the leadership of Zerubbabel, Ezra and Nehemiah following the Babylonian captivity.
2. This is a New Jerusalem and a new temple that is to be built during the millennium. 
3. This passage refers spiritually to the church as the dwelling place of God. 
4. The temple here is both historical and spiritual. 
5. The spiritual fulfillment through the church is partial; the complete fulfillment awaits the coming of the new heaven and the new earth in the future.

__Daniel__

Characteristics of Apocalyptic Literature

*Characteristics of Apocalyptic Literature:*


1. Eschatological 
2. Pseudonymous authorship 

* Daniel and Revelation were exceptions to the pattern


3. A heavenly mediator 

* apokalypsis = “revelation”


4. The spiritual and physical worlds 
5. The theme is God’s ultimate victory 

* Messianic 
* Kingdom of God


6. The purpose of apocalyptic literature was to bring hope. 

* Stories that point beyond daniels time

*Apokalypsis*

Revelation

Two views of date of Daniel

Sixth century BC 

* Daniel

Second century BC 

* Written anonymously 
* Prediction after the fact

The evidence best supports the sixth century date with Daniel as the author.

Two views of four kingdoms (2)

Two primary interpretations:


1. The four kingdoms are the empires of Babylon, Persia, Greece and Rome. The eternal kingdom signifies the kingdom of God which Christ brought into the world during the Roman Empire. 
2. The four kingdoms are the empires of Babylon, Media, Persia and Greece. The heavenly kingdom is equated with the Jewish Macabbean revolt in the second century BC.

Belshazzar (5)

Daniel 5

Belshazzar’s Feast 

Two historical issues:

* The identification of Belshazzar as king of Babylon
* Cyrus was the ruler of Persia at the time Babylon fell. Yet this passage refers to “Darius the mede” (v. 31)

→local ruler, person who helps re-organize old babylon system to fit the Persian ideals

Darius the Mede (5)

local ruler, person who helps re-organize old babylon system to fit the Persian ideals

Significance of fiery furnace, lions’ den

* Daniel in the lion’s den
* God has the power to protect those who put their trust in Him, God the protector, God the rescuer 

Two interpretations of seventy “sevens” (9)

There are two primary views:

The “seventy sevens” describe the final period of Jewish history before the coming of Christ

→Antiochus Epiphanes

→Historic view

The “Seventy ‘sevens” describe the continuation of history up until the time of the second coming of Christ

→Anti-Christ

→Futurist view

__Hosea__

Gomer

* Gomer→hosea bought this women from prostitution, marries her and has children then she goes back to prostitution
* Hosea had to have love and compassion in the way God did for him

Spiritual prostitution and God’s response (1-3)

* Spiritual prostitution
* Although the people have been unfaithful to God, His love for them has not diminished
* God commands Hosea to go out and find Gomer and bring her home to live with him again
* Hosea’s act of taking Gomer back into his home and loving her as his wife is a symbol of God’s love for Israel

“Out of Egypt I have called my son” (11:1)

* Historical context: God calling Israel out of slavery in Egypt
* God’s redemptive plan: Jesus’ return from Egypt
* Matthew’s use of this verse suggests a contrast between Jesus and the other descendants of Abraham
* All of the nations will be blessed through Abraham; God intended for Israel to find fulfillment and purpose in Himself 

__Joel__

 Invasion of “locusts” (1, 2)

* Invasion of locusts
* “Locusts” had appearance of horses; sounds like army
* Invading army. Experience of locust similar to army coming
* Armies of Alexander the Great, invasion of the greeks, ch. 3:6

Fulfillment of coming of Spirit (2:28-32)

* A prediction of the sending of the Holy Spirit on the Day of Pentecost
* Primary point was the Lord’s spirit, result was people will by saved by turning to the Lord

__Amos__

Born in Judah, ministry in Israel

**Author and Date**

* A shepherd from Tekoa
* Earthquake
* Amos was called by God to carry out his ministry in the kingdom of Israel to the north
* From south sent to north
* God is a God of missions

*Sikkuth* and *Kiyyim*

Sikkuth and Kiyyim (Kaiwan in some translations) - astrology deities

__Obadiah__

Shortest book in OT

Author and Date

* 587 BC
* Obadiah lived in Judah around the time it was conquered by the babylonians

God’s judgment of Edom

Warned Edom they would be defeated like babylon

Day of the Lord

* Judgment of the nations(v.15)
* Triumph of Judah (vv.17-20)
* Kingdom of God(v.21)

Future description, hasn’t happened in the past

*Idumeans*

* Idumeans→descendant of Esau.

Herod the Great

* Herod the Great→Idumeans, descendant of Esau. Jewish people resent him. Ruled from jerusalem. Not a jew.colaborater with romans. Great builder, rebuild temple.

__Jonah__

Son of Amittai

Nineveh

 Nineveh→takes God’s message to the people of Nineveh. Jonah doesn’t like that God cares for these people.

The great fish

Jonah was swallowed by a “great fish”

2 lessons from Jonah 1

Two important lessons in Jonah 1:

1\.We cannot run away from God. 

2\.God has power over nature, and He is able to use the forces of nature to accomplish His purposes. 

God’s compassion on the nations

* God cares for the people of all nations
* **Lessons from the Book of Jonah**
* Even the Assyrians are capable of repentance and obedience to God. The people of Israel should be able to do this as well.
* There are two ways God’s will could be accomplished: either the people of Nineveh could turn from evil and do what is right, or God could destroy their city. 
* God has compassion on the people of all nations. God desires for all nations to repent of their sins and to believe in Him. God even loves those that we consider to be our enemies.

Historical problem with Jonah

Historical Problem

* We find no evidence in Assyrian records that the events described in Jonah ever took place.
* If the events described in Jonah are historical, we can draw two conclusions about the Assyrians:


1. Their historical records were incomplete.
2. Their repentance was temporary.

__Micah__

Moresheth

small farming community

Preacher-farmer

Isaiah, city prophet. micah country prophet

Both men attempted to encourage their people to repent from sin and return to God

Explanations for similarity of Isa. 2, Mic. 4

Three possible explanations for the similarity in wording in Isaiah 2 and Micah 4:

 God led the two writers to write exactly the same words. 

 One prophet was dependent on the other.

 These may have been the words of a hymn or psalm. 

Fulfillment of Micah 5:2

Prediction of the Messiah’s birthplace 

Shepherd → jesus cares for his sheep, good shepherd lays down their life for their sheep

 “This One will be our peace.” 

Ongoing suffering; predicting  of the gathering of the jew or the church among the nations

What God expects (6:6-8)

Acts of worship are empty unless they also are accompanied by a life that is lived according to God’s standards of justice and holiness.

Religious ritual means nothing unless it is accompanied by a life lived in proper relationship with God and other people. 

Sacrifice is not what god expects most, acts of worship are empty if not followed by his standards. Love God and your neighbor, can’t act anyway you want. Treat people with justice 

__Nahum__

God’s judgment against Nineveh

*Nahum 1:2—* 

God’s vengeance against those who oppose Him is certain.

*Nahum 3:1-4—*Destruction awaits Nineveh

*Nahum 3:19—*the nations rejoice

All the surrounding nations rejoiced when they heard the news of Nineveh’s destruction.

Message of hope for Judah

*Nahum 1:15; 2:2—*Hope for judah

Embedded in this prediction of Nineveh’s destruction is a message of hope. This hope is directed towards the people of Judah. 

Through the destruction of Nineveh Judah will be saved. 

Romans ch. 10, the good news=the gospel of jesus christ quoting Nahum

__Habakkuk__

God’s judgment on Judah, Babylon (Notice similarity with Zephaniah)

*Habakkuk 1:5*—

God describes the impending judgment(destruction) of Judah at the hand of the Babylonians.

outline:

Habakkuk asks how God can allow the continuing wickedness and injustice of the people of Judah. God responds the Judah’s destruction is coming at the hand of the Babylonians. (1:1-11)

Habakkuk how God could judge Judah by using Babylon, a nation which had committed even greater evil than Judah. God responds that the judgment of Babylon will soon follow. (1:12-2:20)

Habakkuk prays. Although Habakkuk does not understand everything, he submits to the purposes of God. (3:1-19)

Righteousness by faith

*Habakkuk 2:4*—

Faith in God results in righteousness

This concept that righteousness is a result of Faith in God rather than our own good deeds is a distinctive of Christianity which separates it from other religions

*Habakkuk 3:17-19—*

Habakkuk tells us that his joy does not depend on the circumstances of life

instead , he will trust in the Lord

__Zephaniah__

King Hezekiah

Babylon as instrument of God’s judgment (Notice similarity with Habakkuk)

After destruction comes restoration, destruction is not forever or the end of the story

Warning of coming destruction (1:1-3)

 Warning against Judah (1:4-2:3)

 Warnings against other nations (2:4-15)

God’s promise to purify and save Jerusalem (3:1-20) 

__Haggai__

Reasons for loss of enthusiasm in rebuilding temple

Factors that contributed to the loss of enthusiasm for the reconstruction of the temple:

They had done without a temple while they were in Babylon, so some may have questioned their need for a temple.

Opposition from Samaritans and other surrounding peoples slowed progress and discouraged the Jews in their work.

The temple they were building did not seem to live up to the glory of the former temple built by Solomon. 

Limited resources and poverty siphoned away strength and resources from the rebuilding of the temple.

Challenges people to rebuild temple

Challenge to complete the reconstruction of the temple (1:1-11)

Reconstruction of the temple resumes (1:12-15)

Promise that God’s glory will return to the temple (2:1-9)

God’s presence as means of God’s blessing

God’s people experience God’s blessings as a result of God’s presence among them

Temple as symbol of God’s presence

The importance of the temple was that it symbolized God’s presence among His people

__Zechariah__

Deutero-Zechariah

2 emphases of Zechariah’s message

Meaning of Jerusalem without walls (2)

Zechariah seems to be saying that the walls that separated Jerusalem from the other nations of the world would one day be removed so that people without numbers would be able to come into the Lord’s presence.(walls were built to keep invaders out, separating those on inside and outside.)

Only those who have a personal relationship with God will be able to enter

This is a promise of the new people of God to be gathered from among all the nations of the world.

Jesus as both priest and king (6:9-15)

A symbolic act

The name Joshua→Yeshua(hebrew) →Iesou(Greek) → Jesus

The one described here who will be both priest and King is Jesus Christ

Not about joshua, predictive act to predict the one who will come and be Priest and King after Joshua but with the same name

The temple is the church, the people of God, as the dwelling place of God