Unit 2

Unit 2 body systems

Fuction of the male reproductive system

Produce sperm to procreate

Testosterone

Male sex hormone

Scrotum (male)

External sac that contains the testes

Epididymis

Temporary storage for sperm while it matures

Van deferens

Tube from epididymis to urethra

Seminal vesicles

two small glands that secrete a fluid rich in sugar that nourishes and helps sperm move

Prostate gland

Helps sperm travel

Cowper's gland

secretes fluid that mix with sperm

Urethra

tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body

Penis

male sex organ

Function one of female reproductive system

Produce egg cells called ova/ovum

Function two of female reproductive system

Receive sperm cells for fertilization to occur

Function three of female reproductive system

Nourish and protect fertilized egg till it can live outside the body

Estrogen

Female sex hormone

Progesterone

A hormone produced by the ovaries which acts with estrogen to bring about the menstral cycle.

Ovaries

Contain ova, release one ovum a month

Fallopian tubes

Tubes to the uterus where fertilization takes place

Uterus

Female organ of reproduction used to house the developing fetus.

Cervix

The opening to the uterus

Contraceptive

agent that prevents conception

Fertilization

Sperm unites with ovum

Provides:

supporting framework

long bones

bones of the arms and legs

short bones

bones of the wrist and ankles

flat bones

bones of the ribs, shoulder blades, pelvis, and skull

irregular bones

bones of the vertebrae and face

Joints

where two bones meet

ball and socket joint

hip and shoulder joints

pivot joint

neck

hinge joint

elbow and knee

immovable joints

joint that allows little or no movement; skull

Cartilage

strong connective tissue that supports the body and is softer and more flexible than bone

Ligaments

Connect bone to bone

Nutrition and Exercise

Bone care

peripheral nervous system

the sensory and motor neurons that connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body

central nervous system

analyzes information from peripheral nervous system

Brain stem

3 inch stem that connects the brain and spinal cord

Extensors

Muscles that open a joint

Flexors

muscles that close a joint

smooth muscle

Involuntary muscle found inside many internal organs of the body

skeletal muscle

A muscle that is attached to the bones of the skeleton and provides the force that moves the bones.

cardiac muscle

Involuntary muscle tissue found only in the heart.

complementary muscles

They contract and extend for movement

Strain

to tear a muscle

Sprain

stretching or tearing of ligaments

Muscle tear

damaged muscle

How to care for your muscles

Good nutrition, exercise, keeping muscles flexible through stretching

Brachioradialis

flexes forearm at elbow

Phalanges

bones of the fingers and toes

Femur

thigh bone

Tibia

larger lower leg bone

Fibula

Smaller lower leg bone

Humerus

upper arm bone

ulua

Bigger arm bone

Radius

smaller bone in the forearm on the same side as the thumb

Coccyx

tailbone

pelvis

hip bone

Sternum

breastbone

scupla

Shoulder blades

rectus abdominis

abs

Sartorius

Flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates thigh at the hip; flexes knee

Tibialis

muscle along shin bone

Pectoralis

chest muscle

Deltoid

curve of shoulder formed by large deltoid muscle

Biceps

Front of upper arm

Triceps

Back of upper arm

external oblique

compresses abdomen

Quadriceps

a muscle group consisting of four muscles that is located along the front of the thigh

Functions of the nervous system

Controls all the bodies actions and functions; sends-analyzes, receives messages

motor neurons

neurons that carry outgoing information from the brain and spinal cord to the muscles and glands

sensory neurons

neurons that carry incoming information from the sensory receptors to the brain and spinal cord

Interneurons

Form electrical neurons

spinal cord

Nerves that run up and down the length of the back and transmit most messages between the body and brain

Brain stem

Connects the brain and spinal cord

frontal lobe

The lobe at the front of the brain associated with movement, speech, and impulsive behavior.

parietal lobe

A region of the cerebral cortex whose functions include processing information about touch.

occipital lobe

A region of the cerebral cortex that processes visual information

temporal lobe

A region of the cerebral cortex responsible for hearing and language.

Cerebellum

A large structure of the hindbrain that controls fine motor skills.

How to take care of your Nervous System

Regular exercise

Function of skeletal system

provide a supporting framework, protect body organs, store essential body minerals, produce red blood cells

function of muscular system

provide body movement, control intake, move food, pump blood

functions of integumentary system

Provide protection, regulate body temperature, experience sensation like hot, cold, pain

Epidermis

outer, thinner layer of skin

Dermis

inner, thicker layer of skin

Hypodermis

loose connective tissue layer of skin below the dermis

hair follicle

sac within which each hair grows

sweat glands

The glands that secrete sweat, located in the dermal layer of the skin.

Nerves

Bundles of neuron fibers (axons) that are routed together in the peripheral nervous system.

Neurotransmitters

Chemicals that transmit information from one neuron to another

Melanin

A pigment that gives the skin its color

How to take care of the Integumentary System

Good personal hygiene

Hormones

chemical messengers that are manufactured by the endocrine glands, travel through the bloodstream, and affect other tissues

endocrine glands

Glands of the endocrine system that release hormones into the bloodstream

pituitary gland

growth hormone that stimulates growth

thyroid gland

produces hormones that regulate metabolism, body heat, and bone growth

Thymus

T-lymphocytes plays a vital role in training white blood

adrenal glands

epinephrine to increase blood flow

Pancreas

Insulin regulates the level of sugar in the blood

Ovary

produces eggs, estrogen, and progesterone