Latitude
imaginary lines that run horizontally around the globe. zero degrees is known as the equator
longtitude
imaginary lines that run vertical around the globe. zero degrees is known as the prime meridian
absolute location
longitude and latitude
relative location
in relation to another place (turkey is north of egypt)
2 types of location
absolute and relative
place
describes what a location looks like (physical characteristic: landforms, vegetation, climate etc) (human characteristics: human population, culture, economics, etc)
Human-Evironment Interaction
how people impact the geography; how geography impacts people (oil spills and deforestation)
region
a collection of places with at leas one common characteristic (france and canada both speak french)
movement
migration and spread of people and ideas (westward expansion and silk road trade)
5 themes of geography
Location, place, human-environment interaction, region, and movement
circa
approximately or a date that is unsure
BC/BCE
Before Christ/Before Common Era
AD/CE
Anno Domini/Common Era
century
100 years
Prehistory
before recorded history
carbon dating
counting Carbon 14 atoms to determine the age of bones up to 50,000 years
Potassium-argon dating
using the potassium levels in the dirt to determine the are of artifacts or bones; those objects in the same layer are old as the dirt around them
hominid
ancestors of man that walks upright
Artifacts
human made objects, not bones
Bipedalism
walking on two feet
archeologist
study of prehistoric peoples
anthropologist
study of culture
Paleontologist
study of fossils
Early Ancestors of Man
Australopithecus, Homo Habilis, Homo erectus, Homo sapiens
Australopithecus
(including "Lucy") walked upright (hominid) but not all the time, had opposable thumb, found in East Africa, simple stone tools, omnivores, cave paintings
Homo Habilis
"Handy Man" increased brain size, better tools/tech
Homo Erectus
"Upright man" stood upright all the time, first to use fire, advanced speech, migrated out of Africa, more advanced tools
Homo Sapien
"Wise Man"--two types, Neanderthals and Early Modern Humans
Neanderthals
Early religion rituals, first to bury their dead, made clothes out of animal skin, moved out of caves and into tents, used bone, wood and stone, died out around the Ice Age
Early Modern Human
modern human anatomy, migrated throughout the globe, wore fitted clothes, more artistic cave paintings, permanent shelters, jewelry and pottery, more advanced language and tech, art and religious rituals including burials and carved statues out of bone and ivory
Paleolithic Age (Old Stone Age)
Australopithecus, Homo Habilis, Homo Erectus and some Homo Sapiens
what type of life did people have in the paleolithic age
people had a nomadic (moved from place to place) lifestyle
how did people live in the Paleolithic Age
they lived in clans (large family groups)
what did men and women do during the Paleolithic Age
men hunted and women gathered
why was cave art used during the Paleolithic Age
cave art was used to express themselves
Cave art during the Paleolithic Age
painted hunting scenes with natural materials for "paint" found deep within the caves (religious significance?) very few humans painted, focus on the power of animals
describe migration during the Paleolithic Age
migration spread from africa to asia and europe and austrailia then to NOrther America (by way of land bridge?) and eventually South America; influcned by climate and food sources
Neolithic Revolution
8,000 BCE - beginning of farming and led to civilizations
Neolithic Age
New stone age
farming/animal domestication during the neolithic age
neolithic age and meant for a better food supply and new gender roles
8000 BCE
only homo sapiens from then on during the Neolithic age
what happened to populations during the Neolithic age
populations increased with increased food supply
where did people begin to settle during the neolithic age
people began settling near their crops and began to specialize in work (potters, weavers, etc)
stonehedge in england
used as a burial site, massive stone structures shows use of technology
how do settlments like catal huyuk show us neolithic life
burials, art, specialized work, crops, domesticated animals
Studied by 67 People