American YAWP Chapters 17-18

Bison

While often used interchangeably in the U.S., what is the correct biological term for the large grazing animal of the Great Plains?

Religious persecution

For what primary reason did Mormons, led by Brigham Young, migrate to the Great Salt Lake Valley in Utah?

Homestead Act

What 1862 act allowed citizens to claim 160 acres of federally owned land in the West if they settled and improved it?

Boosters

What was the term for individuals and groups who promoted migration to and investment in western towns and cities?

Conquest

The term "Indian Wars" is considered a myth because it masks the reality that the conflicts were largely a process of American what?

Sand Creek Massacre

The 1864 massacre where a Colorado militia led by John Chivington attacked a peaceful Cheyenne camp, killing hundreds of women, children, and elderly.

Battle of Little Bighorn

The 1876 battle where Lakota Sioux, Cheyenne, and Arapaho warriors defeated Lieutenant Colonel George Custer's 7th Cavalry.

Bosque Redondo

The disastrous reservation in New Mexico where the Navajo were forced to march in the "Long Walk," resulting in thousands of deaths from poor conditions.

Modoc War

The 1872-1873 conflict in which a small band of Modoc people resisted being forced onto a reservation in Oregon.

“I will fight no more forever”

What famous phrase did Chief Joseph of the Nez Perce declare upon his surrender in 1877?

Union/Central Pacific

What two railroad companies were chartered by the Pacific Railroad Act to build the first transcontinental railroad?

Pacific Railroad Act

What 1862 act provided federal bonds and vast land grants to railroad companies to build a transcontinental line?

400,000

Approximately how many men were employed in the railroad industry by 1880?

One dollar

What was the approximate daily wage for a cowboy participating in a cattle drive?

Dawes General Allotment Act (DGAA)

What 1887 act broke up Native American reservations into individual family plots to promote assimilation and private land ownership?

Ghost Dance

The Native American religious ceremony, based on the prophecies of Wovoka, that promised the return of the bison and the disappearance of white Americans.

Southern/Eastern Europe

Immigrants from what two regions of Europe began arriving in large numbers at the turn of the 20th century?

Mutual aid societies

Community organizations, often called "fraternal and benevolent clubs," created by immigrant and Black communities to provide financial and social support.

Ida B. Wells

The pioneering African American journalist and activist who led a national and international crusade against lynching.

Dyer Bill

The proposed federal anti-lynching bill that was inspired by the activism of Ida B. Wells.

Morrill Land Grants

Federal acts that subsidized the creation of colleges, including historically Black colleges, by granting federal land to states.

Muscular Christianity

The Gilded Age movement that sought to counter the perceived feminization of religion by building men's physical and spiritual strength through organizations like the YMCA.

Vaudeville

The popular traveling circuit shows of the Gilded Age that featured a variety of family-friendly entertainment, including comedians, musicians, and actors.