A&P Final pt 2

A vertical plane that divides the body into left and right sides equally is the:

midsagittal

Which of the following terms means" on the same side of the body?"

ipsilateral

A person standing in anatomical position will exhibit all of the following EXCEPT:

Arms at sides with palms facing forward

Which structures could you clearly see when viewing the anterior side of an individual standing in anatomical position?

palm of hand

The mental region is on the \_______ surface of the body.

Anterior

Which of the following orientation/directional pairs are NOT opposites of one another?

Proximal & lateral

Which cavity is located DIRECTLY superior to the abdominal cavity?

Thoracic cavity

Use the diagram below. Which of the following statements are correct?

Umbilical region and left upper quadrant

Which of the following is NOT a common characteristic of a negative feedback system?

Causes changes that increase the stimulus

Which of the following correctly list the levels of structural organization in the human body from smallest to largest?

chemical - cellular - tissue - organ - organ system - organism

Human bodies can maintain a certain consistency of their internal environment. This statement:

refers to the maintenance of homeostasis within the body.

During a visit to your doctor, you complain about pain & nausea. These changes in your body functions are said to be:

Symptoms

In breast feeding, the harder & more frequently an infant suckles, the more milk is produced & secreted. This is called:

Positive feedback

Which terms defines a group of cells that work together to perform a particular function?

Tissue

Acids release \______ in solution

Hydrogen ions (H+)

Name this biomolecule.

lipids

Identify the type of reaction taking place (left to right).

Dehydration synthesis

Identify the type of reaction taking place (left to right).

Hydrolysis

What are isotopes?

Atoms of elements with the same \# of protons but different \#s of neutrons

Atom X has 16 electrons. What would this atom do to become stable?

Pick up 2 electrons from another atom

An unknown element is found to contain 45 protons & has an atomic weight of 64. What is its atomic number?

45

A solute that readily dissolves in water is

Hydrophilic

Listening a part of the body to note a change in sound, usually while utilizing a stethoscope, is called:

Auscultation

What are the four major elements found in the chemicals that comprise the human body?

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen

The three types of subatomic particles that are important for understanding chemical reactions in the human body are:

Protons, neutrons, and electrons

What process is illustrated in the figure below?

Exchange Reaction

Which of the following are examples of positive feedback mechanisms in the body?

contractions of the uterus during childbirth

The mass number of F- is 19 and the atomic number is 9. What is its number of electrons?

9

If a cell with 96 total chromosomes undergoes mitosis, each new cell will have \____ chromosomes total.

96

When red blood cells are dropped into a beaker of mystery solution, they lose fluid & shrink. They have been placed into

hypertonic solution

The process of translation involves the production of:

an amino acid (peptide) chain from an mRNA template

The end result of mitosis and cytokinesis is the production of:

Two cells identical to the parent cell

Hydrophobic solutes are those that:

Dissolve easily in water because they are nonpolar

In a DNA molecule, thymine pairs with \____, and guanine pairs with \____.

Adenine; cytosine

Which of the following organelles is INCORRECTLY paired with its function?

Centriole - lipid synthesis and ion storage

Which of these molecules is NOT found in a cell membrane?

Collagen

Chromosomes start moving to the poles of the cell during which of the following phases?

Anaphase

Which of the following is a common function of mRNA?

Transfer information for DNA synthesis

If the solute concentration is greater inside than it is outside the cell, water will move by osmosis:

Into the cell

The three main parts of the cell are:

Plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus

Which of the following lists the correct sequence of mitotic events?

Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

The basic steps for the production of a protein are listed below:

3, 4, 1, 2

An enzyme (catalyst) act to:

Lower the activation energy needed to start the reaction

Transport process that uses vesicles formed at plasma membrane to take up extracellular substances & bring into the cell

Endocytosis

Which of these tissues is a single layer of tall, elongated cells?

Simple columnar epithelium

Which of the following connective tissues functions as an insulator deep to the skin?

adipose

The inner membrane of the trachea moves mucus upwards in wavelike motions with microscopic hair-like projections called

Cilla

Which of the following is a location where adipose tissue is commonly found?

Subcutaneous layer deep to the skin

Which of the following types of tissues is responsible for pumping blood throughout the body?

Cardiac muscle

The two main types of cells found in nervous tissues are:

Neurons and neuroglial cells

What are the four (4) types of tissue?

Muscular, connective, nervous, epithelial

Which of the following are NOT a type of membrane that can be found in the human body?

Cartilaginous membranes

Which of the following cells CANNOT be found in connective tissue?

Muscle fibers

This gland secretes products into ducts that empty onto the surface of a covering and lining of the epithelium

Exocrine

In this gland, the cell becomes the secretory product & ruptures, such as a sebaceous gland.

Holocrine

This gland releases products via vesicle through exocytosis, such as a salivary gland.

Merocrine

This gland secretes into the interstitial fluid & then diffuse directly into the bloodstream.

Endocrine

An example of this type of gland would be mammary glands, in which part of the cell with the secretion breaks off.

Apocrine

Tactile epithelial cells are located in the:

stratum basale

Which structure found in the skin plays an important role in thermoregulation?

Sweat glands

Which of the following functions is associated with the skin?

Regulation of body pH

As we age, we get colder faster than younger folks, so we turn down the A/C. This helps our skin with what function?

thermoregulation

You stepped on a nail. The layers of the epidermis that the nail penetrated through to finally reach the dermis is

Str. corneum, str. lucidum, str. granulosum, str. spinosum, str. basale

A patient has suffered burns that reach all the way to the hypodermis. This burn is classified as a:

3rd Degree Burn

Which region of the skin is composed of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium?

Epidermis

This layer is attached to the basement membrane by hemidesmosomes and to other cells by desmosomes.

Stratum basale

When blood calcium levels are low, \________ cells are stimulated by \________ to release calcium from the bone matrix.

osteoclast; parathyroid

Which of the following is a congenital disorder characterized by complete or partial absence of pigment within the skin?

albinism

The most common sweat glands that release watery secretion are \___ & modified sweat glands in the ear are called \____

eccrine; ceruminous

In thin skin, which of the following layers may be entirely absent?

Stratum corneum

These cells help build bone tissue and are most active after a fracture:

Osteoblasts

Without this function of bones, we would all be immobile:

movement

If a child breaks a bone at the location of the growth plate, what region of the bone is the break in?

Epiphyses

These cells are considered to be mature and help to maintain the daily metabolism of bone:

Osteocytes

This part of bone is light so it helps reduce the weight of bones and distributes weight from above down/across bone.

Spongy bone

This type of ossification is when bone tissue has replaced most of the cartilage in the diaphysis.

Endochondral

When a bone is broken, it hurts and the area swells and sometimes bruises. This is because bones have:

Blood and nerve supply

When blood calcium levels are low, \____ cells are stimulated by \____ to release calcium from the bone matrix.

osteoclast; parathyroid and osteoclast; calcitonin

Which of the following is NOT a major function of the skeletal system?

Communication

What is another name for the shaft of a long bone?

Diaphysis

Which layer made of hyaline cartilage allows the diaphysis to grow in length?

Epiphyseal plate

This term is used to describe the general process by which bones form:

ossification

Which of the following conditions results when articular cartilages in joints degenerate to where bony ends touch?

osteoarthritis

Which of the following puts the steps above in the correct order?

II, I, IV, III

Flat bones of the skull are formed by what process?

Intramembranous ossification

A broken bone that protrudes through the skin:

Open/Compound fracture

A partial break in a bone and is primarily seen only in children:

Greenstick fracture

Splintered bone, with smaller fragments lying between main fragments:

Comminuted fracture

A broken bone in which one end of the fractured bone is driven into the other end:

Impacted fracture

A fracture at the distal end of the fibula of the leg:

Pott's fracture

Which bone is at the top of the vertebral column?

Atlas

Which vertebral region is highlighted in the picture?

Thoracic

Which type of ribs are highlighted in the picture?

Floating

Which facial bone is highlighted in the picture?

Mandible

Which bone is shown in the picture?

Occipital

Which set of ribs are highlighted in the picture?

True

Which bone is highlighted in the picture?

Nasal

Which bone is highlighted in the picture?

Sternum

Which bone is highlighted in the picture?

Palatine

Which bone is highlighted in the picture?

Temporal