Donor Selection

Guidelines and regulations for donor selection and serologic testing are written by these two:

FDA and AABB

They conduct inspections of all clinical laboratory departments, including transfusion services, awarding accreditation to facilities that are deemed to be compliant with established standards.

The College of American Pathologists (CAP)

Under the auspices of the FDA what is regarded both as a biologic and a drug?

Blood

Who is responsible for regulating the collection of blood and blood components used for transfusion and for the manufacture of pharmaceuticals derived from blood and blood components

CBER

When was the AABB established? what year?

1947

It is an international association of blood centers, transfusion and transplantation services, and individuals involved in transfusion medicine.

AABB

They also provides a voluntary inspection and accreditation program for its member institutions

College of American Pathologist

What encompasses the medical history requirements for the donor, the (partial) physical examination, and serologic testing of the donor blood

Donor Selection

Will a donation of approximately how many mL of whole blood be harmful to the donor?

450 mL

This step as outlined in the AABB Standards, blood collection facilities must confirm donor identity and link the donor to existing donor records

Registration

The minimum age for an allogeneic donation is greater than or equal to?

16 years

What age is for autologous donation?

No age restriction

This was developed by a task force that included representatives from the AABB, the FDA, and the blood and plasma industry

Donor history questionnaire (DHQ)

There are three types of deferrals:

temporary, indefinite, and permanent

Type of deferral that the donor cannot donate for a specified time period, such as 2 weeks from receipt of the polio vaccine

temporary deferral

Type of deferral that the donor is prohibited from donating blood to another person for an unspecified period of time

indefinite deferral

Type of deferral that the donor may never donate blood to another person

permanent deferral

Female donors who has a history of termination of pregnancy should be temporarily deferred for how many weeks?

6 weeks

What trimester of abortion or miscarriage is not cause for deferral

First or Second

How months of deferral would apply if the woman received a transfusion during her pregnancy

12 months

The time interval between allogeneic whole blood donations is?

8 weeks or 56 days

If the prospective donor has participated in an apheresis donation then at how many hours must pass before donating whole blood?

48 hours

The FDA limits platelet apheresis procedures to no more than how many days in a calendar year?

24

An apheresis donor may only donate twice in a period of how many days?

7 days

Infrequent plasma apheresis requires how many weeks of deferral?

4 weeks

The deferral time for a double RBC apheresis donation is how many weeks?

16 weeks

If a potential donor has received a live attenuated or bacterial vaccine such as measles, mumps, yellow fever and etc. how many week of deferral is required?

2 weeks

if the donor has received a live attenuated vaccine for German measles or chickenpox how many week of deferral is required?

4 weeks

Deferral for smallpox vaccination is how many days?

14 to 21 days

Donors who have received a transfusion of blood or its components or other human tissues known to be possible sources of bloodborne pathogens should be deferred for how many months?

12 months

If the patient has come in contact with someone else's blood or had an accidental needle-stick injury, had a tattoo or had an ear or body piercing the deferral is how many months?

12 months

If the patient had sexual contact with anyone who has HIV/AIDS or has had a positive test for HIV/AIDS the deferral is how many months?

12 months

If the patient had sexual contact with a prostitute or anyone else who takes money or drugs other payment for sex the deferral is how many months?

12 months

FDA mandates persons who have had sex with any person who is a past or present IV drug user should be deferred for how many months?

12 months

If the patient had sexual contact with another male then the patient may donate whole blood if they have not had sex with another male in the past?

Year/12 months

A donor that had sex with an HIV-positive partner was associated with how many fold increase in risk of being HIV positive?

132-fold increase

History of MSM contact was associated with how many fold increase in risk of being HIV positive?

62-fold increase

Women who have had sex with an MSM in the past 12 months should be deferred for how many months?

12 months

Sexual contact or living with a person who has acute or chronic hepatitis B or who has symptomatic hepatitis C or other hepatitis virus requires how months of deferral?

12 months

Prospective donors with a history of syphilis or gonorrhea or treatment for either, a reactive screening test for syphilis, or where no confirmatory test was performed, should be deferred for how many months?

12 months

The agent that causes syphilis is?

Treponema pallidum

Treponema pallidum may live for how many days in cold storage?

1 to 5 days

If the patient had been in juvenile detention, lockup, or prison for more than 72 hours deferral is how many months?

12 months

Prospective donors who have been diagnosed with malaria are deferred for many years?

3 years

Individuals who have traveled to an area where malaria is endemic are deferred for how many months?

12 months

What type of deferral is given to patient who is indicated and diagnosed with CJD or vCJD or if the donor received a dura mater transplant or pituitary growth hormone from a human cadaver.

Permanent deferral

What type of deferral is given to anyone who is a blood relative of someone diagnosed with CJD or vCJD

Indefinite deferral

These are intracellular protozoan parasites that cause leishmaniasis

Leishmania spp.

What type of deferral is required for any person with clinical or laboratory diagnosis of HIV infection

Indefinite deferral

Donors with evidence of past or present nonprescription drug use should be given what type of deferral?

Indefinite deferral

Donors with a positive test for HBsAg should be given what type of deferral?

Permanent deferral

This utilizes the vector Ixodes scapularis to infect the human and transmit the parasite

Babesia microti

Transfusion-associated infection with Babesia carries an incubation period of how many weeks?

2 to 8 weeks

Cancer, leukemia, or lymphoma is generally a cause for what type of deferral?

Indefinite deferral

Diseases of the blood such as hemophilia, von Willebrand disease, sickle cell anemia, and etc. or a history of receiving clotting factor concentrates are causes for what type of deferral?

Indefinite deferral

What type of physical examination is this?

The donor center representative should observe the prospective donor for presence of excessive anxiety, drug or alcohol influence, or nervousness

General Appearance

All donors should weigh at least?

100 lbs

Standards mandates a maximum of blood of donor weight for whole blood collection?

Maximum of how many blood/kg?

10.5 mL of blood/kg

Standards mandates the donor temperature must be less than or equal to what temperature?

37.5°C or 99.5°F

The donor's hemoglobin level should be greater than or equal to?

12.5 g/dL

Hematocrit level must be greater than or equal to?

38%

For women in allogeneic donations and greater than or equal to what amount for their hemoglobin?

13.0 g/dL

Men allogenic donations must have greater or equal to how many percent for their hematocrit?

39%

Evidence of skin lesions is cause for what type of deferral?

Indefinite deferral

What type of donor that is one who donates blood for his or her own use; thus, such a donor is referred to as the donor patient

Autologous donor

The potential advantage of using this type of blood includes a decreased risk of disease transmission, transfusion reactions, and alloimmunization

Autlogous blood

What is the disadvantage of using autologous donation?

High cost

This results in the collection of whole blood with the concurrent infusion of crystalloid or colloid solutions

Acute Normovolemic Hemodilution

The ratio of replacement is what for crystalloids?

3:1

The ratio of replacement is what for colloids?

1:1

This type of collection occurs during the 5 to 6 weeks immediately preceding a scheduled, elective surgical procedure unless the red blood cells and plasma are scheduled to be froze

Preoperative Collection

In preoperative collection, the last blood collection should occur no later than?

72 hours before the surgery

In preoperative collection, the minimum hemoglobin/hematocrit level is?

11.0 g/dL and 33%

This type of collection involves collecting shed blood from the surgical site

Intraoperative autologous collection

This type of collection process is repeated continually during the surgical procedure

Intraoperative Collection

This type of collection has been used in cardiothoracic, major orthopedic, and cardiac surgeries, in addition to vascular surgeries, such as liver transplantation

Intraoperative Collection

In postoperative blood salvage, it is recommended that no more than how many mL should be reinfused?

1,400 mL

Blood must be reinfused within how many hours of collection in postoperative blood salvage?

6 hours

This type of collection is used in orthopedic and cardiac surgeries

Postoperative Collection

This type of donation is a unit collected under the same requirements as those for allogeneic donors, except that the unit collected is directed toward a specific patient

Directed donation

Often, when a friend or family member needs blood, the donor center will accommodate what type of donation?

Directed donation

This is an effective mechanism for collecting a specific blood component while returning the remaining whole blood components back to the patient.

Apheresis Donation

This is type of donation is designed to collect large volumes of the intended component and is the only effective method for collecting leukocytes and stem cells.

Apheresis Donation

Today the majority (more than 75%) of platelet transfusions are what type of platelets?

pheresis-derived platelets

The interval between plateletpheresis donations is at least?

2 days

Plateletpheresis donations must not exceed how many times in a week and in a year?

Not more than twice in a week

Not more than 24 times in a year

Donors who have ingested aspirin, Feldene, or aspirincontaining medications should be deferred for how many hours?

48 hours

This was the first product to be collected by apheresis methods

Plasma

What type of apheresis that is the only effective for collecting leukocytes or, more specifically, granulocytes.

Leukapheresis

This can be used to collect either allogeneic or autologous units

Double RBC apheresis

Reactions in this category encompass one or more of the following: syncope or fainting, nausea or vomiting, hyperventilation, twitching, and muscle spasm

Mild

Reactions in this category can include any of the reactions listed above in addition to loss of consciousness. The donor may have a decreased pulse rate, may hyperventilate, and may exhibit a fall in systolic pressure to 60 mm Hg.

Moderate

Reactions in this category can experience convulsions, and this convulsions can be caused by cerebral ischemia, marked hyperventilation, or epilepsy

Severe

This is a localized collection of blood under the skin, resulting in a bluish discoloration

Hematoma

This is an arthropod-borne virus involving the natural reservoir host (birds) and the intermediate host (mosquitos), which can infect a human.

WNV

This disease is a parasitic infection that is endemic to Mexico and Central and South America

Chagas disease

This is an RNA virus and spread by the bite of an infected Aedes mosquito, namely A. aegypti and A. albopictus

Zika

This virus was first discovered in Congo and is part of the Filoviridae family

Ebola

Incubation period for Ebola ranges from how many days?

2 to 21 days

The confirmatory test for syphilis is the?

FTA-ABS