Psych people

Charles Darwin

-evolutionary perspective (traits)

Wilhelm Wundt

-structuralism (1st school of thought)

William James

-functionalism (2nd school of thought)

-conscious adaptation to environment

-American psych textbooks and lecture

G. Stanley Hall

-established america's first psych lab

-1st president of APA

-genetic psychology based on evolution

Mary Whiton Calkins

-first female president of APA

-attended Harvard and denied PhD

-student of William James

-introduced self psychology --\> humanistic

Margaret Floy Washburn

-first woman to be awarded PhD in psychology

-experimental work in animal behavior (The Animal Mind)

Sigmund Freud

-psychoanalytical perspective (unconscious)

-psychosexual development theory

-role of unconscious mind (defense mechanisms)

-id, ego, superego

John B Watson

-behaviorist perspective

-observable behaviors

-baby Albert (classical conditioning)

Paul Broca

-speech production center of the brain

Carl Wernicke

-language comprehension

-damage to left temporal lobe

Roger Sperry

-split brain experiments

-functions of right and left hemispheres of the brain

Michael Gazzaniga

-advanced understanding of two cerebral hemispheres and how they communicate

-split brain research

Ernst Heinrich Weber

-Just Noticeable Difference (threshold, %)

-Weber's Law (JND varies based on relation to strength of original stimulus)

Gustav Fechner

-faint stimuli

-psychophysics (relationship btwn stimulus and mental process)

-mental process can be measured

David Hubel

-feature detectors (occiptal lobe)

-specialized neurons in visual cortex

-specific features of an image (lines/angles)

Torsten Wisel

-expanded knowledge of sensory processing and perception

-parallel processing

-visual info processing

Ernest Hilgard

-hypnosis and pain control

-2 consciousness

-hypnosis can lead to state of dislocation and divided consciousness

Ivan Pavlov

-behavioral perspective

-classical conditioning (dogs and bells)

John Garcia

-taste aversion (associate food with unpleasant experience)

-aversion therapy uses classical conditioning

Robert Rescoria

-redefined Pavlov based on timing

-CC occurs simply because 2 stimuli are closely associated with time (less than a second)

-reliable predictors

Edward Thorndike

-Law of Effect

-responses followed by a satisfying response are more likely to be repeated

-unfavorable behaviors followed by unfavorable consequences are less likely to be repeated

Wolfgang Kohler

-insight learning

Albert Bandura

-socio-cultural perspective (situation and culture)

-modeling (social-learning theory, observe, replication, mimic)

-bobo doll experiment

George A. Miller

-the magic \#7

-short term memory \= working memory

Herman Ebbinghaus

-forgetting curve

-storage decay

Elizabeth Loftus

-misinformation effect

-incorrect post-event information

-eyewitness testimony

Norm Chomsky

-universal grammar

-critical period

Abraham Maslow

-humanistic perspective (growth potential)

-hierarchy of needs

-self-actualization

Stanley Schachter

-two factor theory of emotion

(stimulus--\>arousal--\>cognitive label--\>emotion

Hans Selye

-General Adaptation Syndrome

-alarm, resistance, exhaustion

Alfred Kinsey

-human sexuality

-sexual orientation

Mary Ainsworth

-developmental psychology (lifespan)

-strange situation procedure

-separation/stranger anxiety

-secure v insecure attachment

Harry Harlow

-developmental psychologist

-terry cloth monkey experiment

-touch forms proper attachment

Konrad Lorenz

-imprinting behavior in animals

Jean Piaget

-cognitive perspecitve

-cognitive development (sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational)

Lev Vygotsky

-sociocultural theory

-scaffolding

Diana Baumrind

-parenting styles

-parental responsiveness

-parental demandingness

Erik Erikson

-social development stages

-8 stages of psychological development (\_____ vs \_______)

Lawrence Kohlberg

-stage theory of moral development

(preconventional, conventional, postconventional)

Carol Gilligan

-critique of Kohlberg

-moral concerns of women (more caring and responsible for others)

Alfred Adler

-psychodynamic perspective (unconscious)

-neo-freudian

-inferiority complex

Carl Jung

-neo-freudian

-collective unconscious