IP: Chapter 1 and 2

Adviser

a person who provides ideas and plans to an organization to make decisions.

Advocate

a person who assists in defending a case or a person who speaks on behalf of you.

Conciliatory

to calm or pacify.

Policy

a principle of an action.

Contain

to restrain or suppress.

Predict

to estimate or foretell about something.

Human Rights

rights that all humans possess regardless of gender, race, color, etc.

Surplus

excess.

Implied

not directly expressed.

Booming Market

period of growth within a business or of an economy.

Deficit Spending

spending more than you earn or have. Spending more than you make.

Foreign/Domestic

unfamiliar or unknown.

Candidate

a person who is regarded as suitable for a position.

Alleviate

making things less severe.

Allies

states that are cooperating and working together militarily or economically.

Scenario

a situation.

High Stakes

a situation in which there is a great deal of losing and gaining something.

Aid

to assist or support.

Ethics

moral principles that govern a person or a country.

Quandary

dilemma over a difficult situation.

Dilemmas

problem or a difficulty.

Bureaucracy

an administrative group that is involved in policy making.

NGOs

Non-Governmental Organizations.

Sanctions

a penalty for breaking a law or a policy.

Oust

to remove someone from a position by force.

Repress

to be put down by force.

Regime

a period of rule or a system of government.

Theory

system of ideas intended to explain something.

Globalization

the process by which businesses or other organizations develop international influence.

Degradation

the process of being disrespected.

Ambiguity

unclear or confusing; can be understood in different ways.

Fundamentalism

agreeing on the fundamentals of things (religion).

Inevitable

certain to happen; can't be avoided.

NATO

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization.

Assertions

a confident and forceful statement of fact or belief.

Scrutinize

examine or inspect closely and thoroughly.

Analysis

a detailed examination of something.

Skepticism

doubt.

Political Science

the study of politics.

Methodology

a system of methods.

Rhetoric

the art of effective communication.

Macroeconomics

the branch of economics that studies the behavior and performance of an economy as a whole.

Skew

a bias towards one particular group or subject.

Conventional Wisdom

a generally accepted theory or belief.

Prominent

important; famous.

Statistics

valuable information.

Variables/Variants

a version of something that differs from the others.

Credible

trustworthy.

Consensus

a general agreement.

Assumption

a thing that is accepted as true or as certain to happen.

Dubious

suspicious.

Supposition

belief held without proof or certain knowledge; an assumption or hypothesis.

Utility

being useful or beneficial.

Plausible

seeming reasonable or credible.

Grievances

a complaint; injustice.

Nomads

people with no permanent abode, and who travel from place to place.

Concession

admit that something is true or valid after first denying or resisting.

"Unequal Treaties"

a series of treaties signed during the 19th and early 20th centuries between China and various Western powers.

Atrocities

an extremely wicked or cruel act, typically involving violence.

Mao Zedong

a Chinese politician, communist philosopher, military strategist, poet, and revolutionary.

World Trade Organization

an intergovernmental organization that regulates and facilitates international trade.

Sovereign State System

a state that has the highest authority over a territory.

City-states

an independent, self-governing country contained totally within the borders of a single city.

Thucydides

an Athenian general who wrote the first unbiased historical account.

Imbalance

lack of proportion between corresponding things.

Ambitions

a strong desire to do or achieve something.

Roman Empire

a large civilization that established many modern concepts of Western society.

Feudal System

a way of structuring society around relationships that were derived from the holding of land in exchange for service or labor.

Church of Rome

Roman Catholic Church.

Westphalian System

a principle in international law that each state has exclusive sovereignty over its territory.

Thirty Years War

a 17th-century religious conflict fought primarily in central Europe.

Illegitimate

not authorized by the law.

Consolidation

the action or process of making something stronger.

Interference

take part or intervene in an activity without invitation or necessity.

Pluralism

a condition or system in which two or more states and or authorities coexist.

Segmented

consisting of or divided into segments.

Trait

a characteristic.

Recognition

acknowledgment of something's existence, validity, or legality.

Balance of Power

an equilibrium of power sufficient to discourage or prevent one nation or party from imposing its will on or interfering with the interests of another.

Anarchy

a society without rulers, laws, or rules.

Prudence

acting with or showing care and thought for the future.

Mercenaries

a professional soldier hired to serve in a foreign army.

Law of War

a doctrine concerning when it is permissible to go to war and what means of conducting war are (and are not) permissible.

Noncombatants

a person who is not engaged in fighting during a war, especially a civilian, army chaplain, or army doctor.

Analogous

comparable in certain ways (in some ways it can't be compared).

Adjacent

next to or adjoining something else.

Caliphate

an Islamic form of government in which political and religious leadership is united, and the head of state (the caliph) is a successor to the Prophet Muhammad.

Marauders

a person who marauds; a raider.

Capitalism

an economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit.

Ideology

a system of ideas and ideals, especially one that forms the basis of economic or political theory and policy.

Protestant

a member or follower of any of the Western Christian Churches that are separate from the Roman Catholic Church in accordance with the principles of the Reformation.

Pious

a good person with high morals (term mostly associated with religion).

Embodied

contain similar parts of.

Nationalism

identification with one's own nation and support for its interests, especially to the exclusion or detriment of the interests of other nations.

Self-determination

The right of a people to self-determination is a cardinal principle in modern international law, binding, as such, on the United Nations as authoritative interpretation of the Charter's norms.

Democracy

a system of government by the whole population or all the eligible members of a state, typically through elected representatives.

The French Revolution

a period of radical political and societal change in France that began with the Estates General of 1789 and ended with the formation of the French Consulate in November 1799.

Harnessed

control and make use of (natural resources), especially to produce energy.

Draft (military)

compulsory enrollment for service in a country's armed forces.

Forerunner

a person or thing that precedes the coming or development of someone or something else.