HI 102-10: MIDTERM

1814-1815

Congress of Vienna

1848

Revolutions in Europe

1870-1871

Franco-Prussian War

1914

Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand

1917

United States enters war

1918

Armistice between Allies and Germany

1919

Treaty of Versailles

Lord Ashley, Earl of Shaftesbury

Child labor reforms

* Factory System

Florence Nightingale

nurse that establishes hospitals

* AKA “Lady with the Lamp”
* Crimean War

Lord Palmer

wanted a moral, social and political civilization

gold, God and glory

What did British Imperialism want?

British North America Act

self-governing common wealth

India

Missionaries will be a social influence in this country

William Carey

break laws to spread the gospel in India

* Father of Modern Missions

Amy Carmichael

rescuing Hindu temple girls

Sepoy Rebellion

ambushed the English people

True

The end result of the Sepoy Rebellion:

British will be crowned and take control of India

(T or F)

Dutch

established in 1652

Afrikaners

Africans of Dutch descent

Boers

Dutch famers

"Great Trek"

establish lands

Cecil Rhodes

prime minister of the Cape Army; empire builder

Boar War

Involved the British and Dutch (Boars). British won, and were allowed to colonize South Africa.

Second Boar War

What happened between 1899-1902?

Paul Krueger and Louis Botha

which two people fought for independence for the boars against the British?

Disareli

Created the Suez Canal

Captain James Cook

founded Australia and New Zealand

Gold Rush

1840's was when gold was discovered

Robert and Mary Moffat

first pioneer missionaries to Africa

David Livingstone

missionary explored Victoria Falls; against slave trade

Mary Slessor

rescuing infant twins

Lott Carey and Colin Teague

British abolitionists

The Sun Never Sets on the British Empire

The empire was so spread out that the sun literally never set on it.

Act of Union

Uniting England and Ireland

Catholic Emancipation Act

expanded Middle Class

Potato Famine

remembered as Dark Stain in English History

Population Boom

Why did the Potato Famine happen?

Darwinism

Origin of Species (1859)

Utilitarianism

The Greatest Happiness for the Greatest Number

* Utopia and Old Socialists

Fabian Society (1884)

advocate evolutionary socialism rather than revolutionary socialism

Sydney and Beatrice Webb; George Bernard Shaw

They were part of the Fabian Society

Modernism

British's declined

1\. Explains how you came to the present \n 2. Evaluate the present \n 3. Helps you understand your place in the present. \n 4. Provides a program to change the present

What are the Power of Ideas?

Revolutionary Nationalism

Driving force of the 19th century

Natural Boundaries

Race, politics, language, culture, and history

* *replace religion*

Nationalism

it will bring the order out of rubble

* anti-socialism

Immanuel Kant

coined the term "Enlightment"

* wrote Critique of Pure Reason = Ideas can be arised by reason
* Pietism, Copernican Revolution and Categorial Imperative

Categorical Imperative

religion within the bounds of reason alone

Noumenal

a thing as itself

Phenomenal

observable to the censes

G.W.F. Hegel

"God-father of the Welfare State"

* *most important European philosopher in the 19th century*
* *change in universal*

Weltgeist

World Spirit \= transcendent world

thesis

Dialectic thinking: truth

Antithesis

Dialectic thinking: direct opposite

Synthesis

Dialectic thinking: higher truth

Friedrich Schleiermacher

"Father of Theological Liberalism"

* *goal and character of the religious life*
* *the immorality which we can now and have this in temporal law*

Undo this (or as much of it as possible)

In 1815, it went from Political Solutions to Spiritual Problems.

What was the objective?

Congress of Vienna

first modern peace conference

Czar Alexander I

reformed and represented Russia

Lord Castlereagh

represented Great Britain

Comte de Talleyrand

represented France

Prince Klemens von Metternich

Austrian Foreign Minister

* *most important political figure of the 19th century*
* *Coachmen and Policemen of Europe*
* Age of Metternich and “Prince of Diplomat”

Conservative

Tradition, Institutions and Aristocracy

1\. Reinstate monarchies \n 2. Encircle France \n 3. Compensate land loss \n 4. Establish balance of power (Congress or Concert of Europe)

Purpose of Conservatives

Edmund Burke

"Father of Modern Conservatism"

* *wrote revolution reflections*
* *not opposed to CHANGE*
* *A nation without the means of reforms is without the means of survival*

Joseph de Maistre

revolutionary conservatism

* opposed to reform, Constitution and Bill of Rights
* wanted dominated church and king

Quadruple Alliance

Prussia, Austria, Great Britain and Russia

Quintuple alliance

Prussia, Britain, Austria, Russia and France

France

Which country must remain in great power?

Holy Alliance (1815-1825)

Prussia, Austria and Russia preserving Christian government

* rule in Christian charity and assist each other in times of trouble

Alexander I

created the idea of the Holy Alliance

(i.e. to assist one another in crushing revolutionary activity)

Revolt in Latin America

beginning of the breakdown of the Concert of Europe AND Congress System

Mestizos

Indian (Indigenous) and Europeans (Creoles)

* can become rich

Haiti

first dependent country

Bernard O' Higgins

influenced in Chile

Jose de San Martin

influenced in Argentina

* manufactured weapons: cannonballs and clothing mill

Simon Bolivar

George Washington of Latin America

* *liberator of Venezuela*
* *power over violence*
* *Freed countries*

Monroe Doctrine

tells Europe to mind their own business

Greek Independence

contributes to the breakdown

Ottoman Empire

"Sick Old Man"

* Treaty of Adrianople (1829)

Louis XVII

opposed ultraroyalists

* strong monarchy and Catholic Church

ultraroyalists

criticized the king's willingness to compromise

Charles X

Count of Artois, succeeded Louis XVIII. Pursued religious policy that encouraged Catholics to reestablish control over the educational system. (brought instability to France)

July Revolution

the overthrow of Charles X and the ascension of Louis-Philippe to the French throne.

* important because it marked the transition of power from the House of Bourbon to the House of Orléans.

Louis Phillipe

"King of the French"

* Citizen KING and bourgeoise

Marie Therese

"Doubter of France"

Leopold I

King of Belgium

The Age of Metternich (1815-1848)

99 years before the European continent would be torn apart again

Revolutions of 1848

Watershed of Revolution

June Days

took money from the wealth and dispersed to working classes

* *3 days of fighting in France*
* *10,000 people killed*

Louis Napoleon

Toward Second Empire Real Politick

* empire over republic
* Napoleon III

Italy and Germany

What was the national unification?

1\. Austria \n 2. Church \n 3. Kingdom of Two Sicily's

Three obstacles for the unification of Italy

Count Cavour

king maker, but NEVER a king

* Prime Minister of Sardinia
* allied with European nations

Giueseppe Mazzini

"Young Italy"

* *French Revolution and secret society*

create violence for unification

What was the purpose of the French Revolution?

Giuseppe Garibaldi

leader of the Red Shirts

Victor Emmaneul II

first king of United Italy

Pragmatic Nationalism

A political view that only approves FDI when its benefits outweigh its costs.

German States

In 1848, who had a violent uprising?