management and leadership exam 1

_____ is the process of creating structural change wherein the values, vision, and ethics of individuals are integrated into the culture of a community as a means of achieving sustainable change

leadership

_____ is the process of guiding an organization by planning for future work obligations, organizing employees into a functional unit, directing employees in the process of completing daily work tasks, and controlling work tasks

management

whos role is it to guide change

leaders

whos role is it to maintain stability in an organization

managers

who develops fresh approaches to long-standing problems

leaders

_____ leadership theories suppose that a subordinates performance is related to the extent to which he/she believes that his/her actions will lead to specific outcomes

supervisory

in which leadership theory does the leader increase payoffs for achieving goals while making the path to achieving the goal easier

path goal

evidence supports that _____ theory is aimed at increasing subordinate job satisfaction

path goal

_____ leadership focuses on the relationship and transactions between the leader and the subordinate

transactional

what are 2 strategies used in transactional leadership

management by exception

contingent rewards

management by exception

(micromanagement)

following the subordinate closely to identify mistakes and correct them as they happen

contingent rewards

waiting until the person has succeeded or failed before giving rewards or feedback

what are the types of supervisory leadership

path goal

transactional

_____ leadership theories draw from the notion the leaders are able to motivate their followers to commit to achieving a goal

strategic

what are the 3 types of strategic leadership

charismatic

transformational

situational

which leadership theory emphasizes communication symbolically using imagery to communicate a vision that promises a better future

charismatic

in what ways does a charismatic leader tie subordinate self concept to a common goal (4)

changing the work itself

offering a positive future vision

developing a strong collective identity

heightening individual and group efficacy

_____ leadership focuses on the beliefs, needs, and values of subordinates while expressing the importance and values associated with desired outcomes

transformational

transformational leaders are able to build a _____ _____ relationship with subordinates

more effective

which type of leader finds new ways of working and is less likely to stick to the status quo

transformational

which leadership style is significantly more effective in occupational therapy education

transformational

a _____ leader is capable of using different leadership styles and behaviors in response to the demands of a situation

situational

a _____ leader dictates to subordinates what they must do and expects them to accomplish their tasks

directing

a _____ leader invests their time and energy into developing individual team members

coaching

a _____ leader does not delegate tasks but instead supports an employee until task completion

supporting

a _____ leader assigns authority to an employee to carry out specific tasks

delegating

evidence based _____ using research to help make decisions about what intervention has the greatest probability of working with a given client in a specific situation

practice

evidence based _____ requires using reasearch to make a decision about program development, staffing patterns, equipment distribution, quality improvement, or leadership styles

management

managers make decisions at the _____ level

systemic

what are the steps of the evidence based management process (6)

1. frame a question related to a decision that needs to be made
2. acquire evidence that may contain relevant information
3. assess the evidence for accuracy, comprehensiveness, applicability, and actionability
4. present the evidence to those who must act on it
5. apply the evidence to the decision
6. evaluate the results

what level of evidence is a well designed qualitative or quantitative study with larger sample sizes

level 1

what level of evidence is a systematic review

level 1

what level of evidence is a meta analysis

level 1

what level of evidence is a well designed replication of other studies

level 1

what level of evidence is a qualitative or quantitative study with a limited sample size but acceptable validity and credible recognition of limitations

level 2

what level of evidence is a descriptive program evaluation including participant summaries and some outcome data

level 3

what level of evidence is an in depth program evaluation with outcome data

level 3

what level of evidence is a description analysis of multiple cases

level 3

what level of evidence is a research focused literature review

level 3

what level of evidence are recommendations of experts

level 4

what level of evidence is a single case description or program description with limited outcome data

level 4

what level of evidence is a non research focused literature review

level 4

how do you recognize a good question to initiate a search for data to deal with a problem

is should be direct, clear, and focused on a single information gap

what are the steps in acquiring evidence (5)

1. clearly document
2. identify key words and phrases
3. select appropriate electronic databases
4. determine appropriateness of evidence
5. cross reference key words and phrases

what does an evidence assessment involve (3)

quality of evidence

strength of evidence

level of evidence

what do you do if the evidence you have found is strong/clear

begin writing new policies/procedures

change processes

develop a new program

what do you do if the evidence you have found is weak/unclear

perform a pilot test of different options

dualism

the involvement of both the government and private industry in the healthcare system

what are the benefits of having governmental involvement in healthcare

the government can provide oversight in areas such as accreditation, licensing, and certifications and can allocate limited resources

what are cons of having governmental involvement in healthcare

governmental involvement can be overly bureaucratic, slow to change, and inflexible

mixed economy

high degree of private ownership and individual freedom but a significant component (up to 1/3) of the economy is controlled by the government

the us healthcare system is based on the _____ system

free market

what are the principles of free market (3)

as supply and demand diverge the price of products should respond accordingly

as the availability of new technology is limited quality expectations should be lower and prices should be higher; as product production/availability increases the competition for buyers grow and quality improves while prices decrease

consumers have access to information, the ability to gather information, and the ability to make informed choices when more than one provider is available

what should be considered to receive payment for services (5)

what target populations are of concern to the payment source

what services are included/excluded for payment

are there restrictions on payment or conditions that need to be met to receive payment

is there certification/provider status required for evaluation or treatment

does the payer require additional information

what are the primary goals of the affordable care act (aca) (3)

make affordable health insurance available to more people

expand the medicaid to cover all adults a certain percentage below the poverty level

support innovative medical care delivery methods designed to lower the general cost of healthcare

what is the americans with disabilities act (ada)

a federal civil rights law that prohibits discrimination against people with disabilities in everyday activities

what is the individuals with disabilities education act (idea)

a federal law that requires public schools to provide a free and appropriate public education to eligible students age 3-21 with disabilites

what is workers compensation

a form of insurance that provides wage replacement and medical benefits to employees injured in the course of employment

what does workers compensation offer benefits in exchange for

the employee to relinquish their rights to sue the employer for negligence

how long is the initial nbcot certification

3 years

what are the renewal requirement for nbcot certifiction

completion of required continuing education hours every 3 years

what is required prior to receiving nbcot certification

graduation from an educational program that has received accreditation from the accreditation council of occupational therapy education (acote)

in how many states is a state licensure required to be an otr

all 50

plus the district of columbia, puerto rico, and guam

what does medicare part a cover

inpatient hospital stays under a fee for service program

what does fee for service mean

providers are reimbursed for each separate service that is provided

medicare part c provides reimbursement through _____ payments

bundled

is medicaid funded by the federal or state governments

both

who can be covered under medicaid (4)

the elderly over 65

people in end stage renal disease

people under 65 with disabilities

patients with als

is medicare funded by the federal or state governments

federal

how do modern organizational theories view organizations

as an adaptive system that must adjust to changes in the environment in order to succeed and survive

what approach states that an organization is a set of interrelated subsystems that rely on the individual, formal and informal organizational structures, patterns or behavior, and the physical environment

system

the _____ approach states that an organization is comprised of social systems located within an environment

sociotechnical

what does success in the sociotechnical approach rely on

balancing the influence of social system factors and factors from the environment

what approach states that an organization is comprised of interrelated systems that interact with the environment

contingency/situational

what is success in the contingency/situational approach based on

forming different relationships in order to survive and thrive

what are the 3 perspectives that are used to describe organizational systems

rational system

natural system

open system

a _____ system perspective describes organizational systems as being highly formalized with tight lines of authority and accountability that help the organization meet its goal

rational

a _____ system perspective believes that external control and threat of punishment are not the only and are not the most effective means of soliciting effort towards objectives

natural

an _____ system perspective describes organizational systems as having a constant need to balance stability with the need for change

open

_____ business structures don’t operate under the guidelines of a written document that spells out the rules, regulations, or chain of command

informal

in _____ business structures the company has a legal existence separate from the owners

formal

what are the types of informal business structures (2)

sole proprietorship

partnership

in a _____ a single individual engages in a business activity without the necessity of formal organization

sole proprietorship

in a _____ two people share ownership of a single business and both contribute in all aspects

partnership

what are the types of formal business structures (3)

limited liability corporation

s corporation

c corportation

a _____ is a business structure that protects the owners from personal responsibility for its debts or liabilities

limited liability corporation

a ______ is a corporation that elects to pass corporate income, losses, deductions, and credits through to the shareholders

s corporation

a _____ is a corporation in which the owners or shareholders are taxed separately from the entity

c corporation

what are the challenges faced by all communicators (5)

communicator acceptability

signification

social coordination and relational definition

achieving communicative outcomes

evolution and change

what are the specific theories of communication (3)

cybernetics and information theory

dramatism and narrative theory

proxemics and expectancy violation theories

which communication theory is associated with health informatics and emphasizes circular reasoning

cybernetics and information theory

what are the considerations of cybernetics and information theory (6)

information source: the speakers brain

transmitter: vocal system

channel: air medium

receiver: the listeners ear

destination: the listeners brain

noise: any disturbance that interferes with the message

which communication theory focuses on the analysis of discourse through the examination of metaphors

dramatism and narrative theory

which communication theory is the study of peoples use of space as an elaboration of culture

proxemics and expectancy violation theories

what are the 3 fundamental areas related to proxemics

space

distance

territory

what are the types of space (3)

fixed feature space

semi fixed feature space

informal space

what are the types of semi fixed feature space

sociopetal spaces: facilitate involvement

sociofugal spaces: facilitate separation

what are the categories of distance

public space (12-15 feet)

social space (4-10 feet)

personal space (2-4 feet)

intimate space (up to 1 foot)

what are the components of paralinguistics

tone

pitch

rhythm

volume

inflection

what does sbar stand for

situation

background

assessment

recommendations