Insertion, origin, and action

Action of Temporalis

Action: Elevates Mandible

Origin of Temporalis

Origin: Temporal Fossa

Insertion of Temporalis

Insertion: Coronoid Process and Ramus (Starts with T)

Action of Masseter

Action: Elevates and Protrudes mandible

Origin of Masseter

Origin: Zygomatic Arch

Insertion of Masseter

Insertion: Ramus of mandible and coronoid process (starts with M)

Action of Sternocleidomastoid

Action: Tilts and turns head

Origin of Sternocleidomastiod

Origin: Sternum and Clavicle

Insertion of Sternocleidomastoid

Insertion: Mastoid process

Action of Pectoralis Major

Action: Flexes, adducts, and medially rotates arm at shoulder.

Origin of Pectoralis Major

Origin: Clavicle, Sternum

Insertion of Pectoralis Major

Insertion: Intertubercular groove of humerus

Action of Biceps Brachii

Action: Flexes forearm at elbow

Origin of Biceps Brachii

Origin: coracoid process of scapula, supraglenoid tubercule of scapula.

Insertion of Biceps Brachii

Insertion: tuberosity of radius and fascia of forearm

Action of Flexor Carpi Radialis

Action: Flexes Wrist; pronates forearm and flexes elbow

Insertion of Flexor Carpi radialis

Insertion: Base of 2nd metacarpal Bone

Origin of Flexor Carpi Radialis

Origin: Medial Epicondyle of Humerus

Action of Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

Action: Flexes Wrist and adducts it

Origin of Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

Origin: Medial Epicondyle of humerus, olecranon and posterior border of radius.

Insertion of Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

Insertion: Pisiform, hook of hamate and 5th metacarpal.

Action of Rectus Abdominis

Action: Flexes trunk/stomach

Origin of Rectus Abdominis

Origin: Pubic Symphysis and pubic crest

Insertion of Rectus Abdominis

Insertion: Xiphoid process and costal cartilages

Action of Iliacus

Action: Flexion of the hip (Think deep)

Origin of Iliacus

Origin: Iliac fossa of the ilium

Insertion of Iliacus

Insertion: Lesser trochanter of femur

Action of Adductor Longus

Action: Deep adductor muscle

Insertion of Adductor Longus

Insertion: Linea Aspera of femur

Origin of Adductor Longus

Origin: Body of Pubis, inferior to pubic crest

Action of Rectus Femoris

Action: Extends leg at knee joint; rectus femoris also steadies hip joint and helps iliopsoas flex thigh at hip.

Origin of Rectus Femoris

Origin: Ilium superior to acetabulum and iliac spine

Insertion of Rectus Femoris

Insertion: Base of patella and by patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity

Action of Sartorius

Action: Flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates thigh at hip; flexes knee joint

Insertion of Sartorius

Insertion: Superior part of medial surface of tibia

Origin of Sartorius

Origin: iliac

Action of Tibialis Anterior

Action: Dorsiflexes foot at ankle and inverts foot

Insertion of Tibialis Anterior

Insertion: Medial cuneiform and base of first metatarsal

Origin of Tibialis Anterior

Origin: Lateral surface of tibia

Action of Extensor Hallucis Longus

Action: Extends great toe and dorsiflexes foot at ankle

Origin of Extensor Hallucis Longus

Origin: anterior surface of fibular and interosseus membrane

Insertion of Extensor Hallucis Longus

Insertion: base of distal phalanx of great toe

Action of Extensor Digitorum Longus

Action: Extends lateral four digits and dorsiflexes foot at ankle

Origin of Extensor Digitorum Longus

Origin: Lateral condyle of tibia and interosseous membrane of fibula.

Insertion of Extensor Digitorum Longus

Insertion: Middle and distal phalanges of lateral four digits

Action of Trapezius

Action: Elevates, retracts, and rotates scapula

Origin of Trapezius

Origin: Occipital Protuberance of occipital bone, spinous process c7 - t12

Insertion of Trapezius

Insertion: Lateral 3rd of clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula.

Action of Rhomboid Major

Action: Retracts scapula, rotates it to depress glenoid cavity, and fix scapula to thoracic wall.

Origin of Rhomboid Major

Origin: Spinous processes t2-t5

Insertion of Rhomboid Major

Insertion: Medial border of scapula

Action of Latissimus Major

Action: Extends, adducts, and medially rotates humerus

Origin of Latissimus Major

Origin: Spinous processes of t7-t12, iliac crest, and last 4 ribs

Insertion of Latissimus Major

Insertion: Humerus (intertubercular sulcus)

Action of Supraspinatus

Action: Helps deltoid abduct arm at shoulder and acts with rotator cuff muscles

Origin of Supraspinatus

Origin: Supraspinous fossa of scapula

Insertion of Supraspinatus

Insertion: Superior facet on greater tubercule of humerus

Action of Infraspinatus

Action: Laterally rotates arm at shoulder; helps hold head in glenoid cavity (Starts with I)

Origin of Infraspinatus

Origin: Infraspinous fossa of scapula

Insertion of Infraspinatus

Insertion: Middle facet on greater tubercule of humerus

Action of Teres minor

Action: Laterally rotates arm at shoulder; helps hold head in glenoid cavity (starts with T)

Origin of Teres Minor

Origin: Lateral Border of scapula

Insertion of Teres Minor

Insertion: Inferior facet on greater tubercule of Humerus

Action of Subscapularis

Action: Medially rotates arm a shoulder and adducts it; helps hold humeral head in glenoid

Origin of Subscapularis

Origin: Subscapular fossa of scapula

Insertion of Subscapularis

Insertion: Lesser tubercule of humerus

Action of Triceps Brachii

Action: Extends forearm at elbow; is chief extensor of elbow; steadies head of abducted humerus (long head)

Origin of Triceps Brachii

Origin: Infraglenoid tubercule of scapula, posterior surface of humerus

Insertion of Triceps Brachii

Insertion: Proximal end olecranon of ulna and fascia of forearm

Action of Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

Action: Extends and adducts hand at wrist

Origin of Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus and posterior border of ulna.

Insertion of Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

Insertion: Base of 5th metatarsal

Action of Spinalis

Action: Bilateral contraction: extension of head, cervical and thoracic spines

Origin of Spinalis

Origin: Cervicis: spinous processes of C7 – T1 vertebrae; nuchal ligament \n Thoracis: spinous process of T11 – L2

Insertion of Spinalis

Insertion: Cervicis: spinous process of C2 – C4 vertebrae \n Thoracis: spinous process of T2 – T8 vertebrae

Action of Longissimus

Action: Extension of spine

Origin of Longissimus

Origin: Transverse processes of vertebrae C4-T5 Transverse processes of vertebrae T1-T5

Insertion of Longissimus

Insertion: Mastoid process of temporal bone Transverse processes of vertebrae C2-C6

Action of Iliocostalis

Action: Extension of spine 

Origin of Iliocostalis

Origin: Angle of ribs 3-6 Angle of ribs 7-12

Insertion of Iliocostalis

Insertion: Transverse processes of vertebrae C4-C6 \n Angles of ribs 1-6, transverse process of vertebra C7

Action of Gluteus maximus

Action: Extends thigh at hip and assists in its lateral rotation; steadies thigh and assists in raising trunk from flexed position (Standing up)

Origin of Gluteus Maximus

Origin: Ilium posterior to posterior gluteal line, sacrum and coccyx

Insertion of Gluteus maximus

Insertion: Lateral condyle of tibia and gluteal tuberosity of femur

Action of Gluteus Medius

Action: Abducts and medially rotates thigh at hip; steadies pelvis on limb when opposite limb is raised

Origin of Gluteus medius

Origin: External surface of ilium

Insertion of Gluteus Medius

Insertion: Lateral surface of greater trochanter

Action of Biceps Femoris

Action: Flexes leg at knee and rotates it laterally; extends thigh at hip

Origin of Biceps Femoris

Origin: Ischial tuberosity, Line aspera and lateral supracondylar line of femur

Insertion of Biceps Femoris

Insertion: Lateral side of head of fibula

Action of Semitendinosus

Action: Extends thigh at hip; flexes leg at knee and rotates it medially; with flexed hip and knee, extends trunk (starts with T)

Origin of Semitendinosus

Origin: Ischial tuberosity (Starts with T)

Insertion of Semitendinosus

Insertion: Medial surface of superior part of tibia

Action of Semimembranosus

Action: Extends thigh at hip; flexes leg at knee and rotates it medially; with flexed and knee, extends trunk (starts with M)

Origin of Semimembranosus

Origin: Ischial tuberosity (starts with M)

Insertion of Semimembranosus

Insertion: Posterior part of medial condyle of tibia

Action of Gastrocnemius

Action: Plantarflexes foot at ankle; raises heel during walking; flexes leg at knee joint

Origin of Gastrocnemius

Origin: Lateral aspect of lateral condyle of femur.

Insertion of Gastrocnemius

Insertion: Posterior aspect of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon (starts with G)

Action of Soleus

Action: Plantarflexes foot at ankle; steadies leg on foot