Religion Unit 1

Cardinal Avery Dulles

Born in 1918 in New York, and raised Presbyterian. He met a Jesuit priest during his WW2 efforts and converted to the Jesuit order as a priest. He died in 2008, having been a college professor and author, and made a cardinal by Pope John Paul II, he was the first American born theologian that was not a bishop to receive this honor.

Five Models of the Church

Institution, Herald, Mystical Communion, Sacrament, Servant (Discipleship later added)

Institution

"We are organized through formal structures." There are patterns, rules, and social structures, with a hierarchy of the Pope, then Bishops, then Priest. Responsible for teaching, sanctifying, and ruling in order to have unity and a singular identity. Examples are the Magisterium, the papal flag, and ecumenical counsels. The strengths are a visible manifestation of unity. The weaknesses are the exclusion of non-Catholics and de-emphasis on the prophetic role

Mystical Communion

"We are related to one another as family." The community of believers together as the image of the Body of Christ. We are not alone, and only together can we be the full expression of Christ. Worship, creed, and fellowship. The cross has communal and personal relations or dimensions: horizontal for relationships amongst one another and vertical for relationship with God. Examples are youth groups, and Lectio. The strengths are the emphasis on shared life as fellowship. The weaknesses are focusing on fellowship alone can lead to disillusionment.

Sacrament

"We are a visible, tangible sign of God's love." The Church as extension of Jesus reminds us of God's presence in our world, the church is a kind of \________________ or sign of intimate union with God, and the unity of all mankind. Holds together the institutional and mystical communion aspects of the Church. Examples are the Eucharist and Jesus. The strengths are the Church truly is a sign and instrument of grace to its members and world. The weaknesses are it could lead to an almost narcissistic self-contemplation.

Herald

"We proclaim the Good News." The Church is the \_____________ of Jesus Christ. Belief in Jesus comes from hearing the Word from a credible source of the Gospel. "Where two or three are gathered in my name, I am there among them. The actions of Christians \_____________ the Good News. Emphasizes faith and proclamation over interpersonal relations over mystical communion. Examples are radios, books, and TV. The strengths are emphasis on the message of the Gospel. The Weaknesses are it is often not incarnational enough (sometimes the spoken word eclipses the true word of God- the Word of God made flesh.

Servant

"We are at the \_____________ of God, and therefore, all humankind." The church is called to be in \_____________ to the world, to offer itself directly and compassionately out of love for God. As needs arise in the world, the Church seeks to meet those needs. To \_____________ not to be \______________. Examples are the washing of the feet, and the corporal works of mercy. The strengths are emphasis on \___________ others. The weaknesses are focusing on \______________ alone, and unrealistic views of \_____________.

Discipleship

"We are followers of Jesus." To be a community of \____________ of Jesus, a people whose lifestyle stands in contrast with the rest of society. Life for \______________ will be fulfilling- yes, easy— no. Examples are in 1980 in Guatemala, where people met every Sunday to profess their faith.

Hellenistic

Greek Jews. The diaspora were Jews who live outside of Israel.

Acts of the Apostles

Written as part of the Gospel of Luke, the story of the early church, addressed to Theophilus (Lover of God or us), begins with the Ascension. In Jerusalem, Mary was present as a first hand witness to the life of Jesus, also with the Apostles.

Matthias

Replaces Judas as the twelfth disciple, was with Jesus from his Baptism to his Resurrection, he was chosen through prayer and dice.

Pentecost

Coming of the Spirit as tongues of fire, considered the birthday of the church, 50 days after Easter, ends the liturgical season of Easter

Life of Apostles

Teaching, communal life, breaking of the bread, praying.

First and Second Arrests

Gamaliel- teacher of law that is well respected as a Pharisee in the Sanhedrin, :if the movement is of man, then it will die out, but if it is of God, there is nothing we can do to stop it." They were then beaten and again, told not to teach in the name of Jesus at the second arrest.

Beginnings of the Church

Successors of the Apostles are the Pope and the Bishops that lead the church in Apostolic Succession- the Church continues to be rooted in the authority of Peter, the Apostles, and their successors.

Stephen

In Acts 6 there were seven men chosen as assistants to help with daily distributions so the Apostles could preach, and \____________ was one of them. He was the first Martyr and worked wonders amongst people, he was a great debater and an angry mob stoned him to death with Paul present.

Reason for Joining the Faith

"Signs and wonders," promoting of the Holy Spirit, trust in God, new understanding of freedom, hope and salvation, personal and social conversion, and reign of God

Paul

Persecute the followers of the way, on the road to Damascus, Ananias baptizes \________ and he goes to Jerusalem, where Barnabas is (\________'s "in" to the Apostles), also known as the Apostle to the Gentiles

Gentiles

Non-Jews, religious and cultural problems such as can \_____________ join the faith because of dietary rules and circumcision. Cornelius was a Roman Centurion, and was the first \__________ to be baptized by Saint Peter

Antioch

First called Christians in this place

James

Brother of John, killed by the sword under Herod, first Apostle martyr, son of Zebedee

Peter

Arrested and bound in double chains during Passover under four squads of four soldiers each, and an angel released him, and the guards were executed.

Paul and Barnabas

Missionaries to Gentiles, traveled and spread the Word together, not always successful

Council of Jerusalem

First church council, was over if circumcision and the dietary laws were necessary for outsiders, and Peter decided that they were not required to be a member of the Christian faith

Second Half of Acts

Paul and his four journeys

Paul

Was a Roman citizen, got arrested and because he had rights as a Roman asked to be sent to Rome for a trial. Acts ends with \__________ under house arrest in Rome, and \_________ was beheaded and Peter was crucified upside down. \________ was beheaded because he was Roman and that was considered a more humane way of dying.

Saint Paul

From a persecutor to an Apostle. Feast of his conversion on January 25, he is considered the most thoroughly converted person in all of time, such a great Apostle because \__________ was a great persecutor. \_______ was a fierce persecutor because of Jesus because 1) disobedience to the law 2) Jesus committed blasphemy by claiming to be God 3) Jesus was crucified, and he believed those who were hung from a tree were cursed. Life giving love in God is supreme, a conversion is turning away from sin and more towards God.

Church vs. church

Big C- the whole Roman Catholic Church, the People/the Body of Christ, Proper Names. Little c- a building

Ekklesia

Greek word for Church, means, "to call out," refers to the assembly of people whom God calls together to be in relationship with them.

Three Meanings of Church

The entire community of God's people around the world, The local community; a diocese or archdiocese and The community assembled for liturgy

Biblical Images of the Church

Vineyard- Jesus is the vine and we are the branches, often used in parables, Noah's Ark- housing, or a place to come together and represents covenant with God, Shepherd- We are God's flock

Holy Spirit

Third person of the blessed Trinity, principle agent of the Church's mission, through the power of the \_________ \__________ the Church carries out its mission to bring all people into union with the Trinity

Tower of Babel vs. Pentecost

At the \________________, God put up barriers to understanding and at \_____________ he broke those barriers down

Symbols of the Holy Spirit

Breath and wind, God breathing the breath of life into men, Fire and dove- Jesus' baptism

Ordinary Charisms

Simple and humble graces that build up the Church, contribute to human good, and respond to the needs of the world

Extraordinary Charisms

Graces involving spiritual powers beyond natural abilities such as healing,prophecy, and interpreting tongues

Religious Order Charisms

St. Benedict of Nursia- work and prayer, St. Francis of Assisi- embracing a life of poverty and simplicity, St. Teresa of Calcutta- ministering to the poorest of the poor

Emperor Cult

Emperors were regarded as gods by the Roman people, so the Christian people are persecuted

Church

In everyday English, we use the word \_________ to refer to different realities.

Ekklesia

The books of the New Testament were originally written in Greek. In these books, the Greek word \______________ corresponds to the English word church.

Heirs

The first Christians purposely applied the term "ekklesia" to themselves to show that they were \_____ of the assembly of Israel

Kingdom of God

Jesus Christ, the only Son of God, who is himself fully God, established the Church when he proclaimed and ushered in the \______________________.

Old Testament

In describing his Church, Jesus often drew on \___________________________ images.

Temple

Following Christ's example, the early Christians often compared the Church to Israel's \_____________.

Church Fathers

Another Old Testament image was dear to the \__________________________: the prefiguring of the Church in Noah's ark

Foreshadowed

As these images from the Old Testament begin to show, the community of Israel \_____ the church

Son of God

The perfect fulfillment for the Sinai Covenant, the Law, is the \___________________, Jesus Christ.

Man

At the time appointed by God, Jesus Christ, the Eternal Word of the Father, became \______ and lived among us on Earth.

Incarnation

The mystery of the union of the diving and human natures in one Divine Person is called the \__________________.

Preaching

During his earthly ministry, Jesus inaugurated the Church through his \_____.

Kingdom of God

To help Jesus establish the \___________________, the Father gathered people to become his first followers.

Himself

Jesus established the Church primarily through the saving gift of \____________, which was fulfilled on the cross.

Grace

By participating in the Eucharist today, in a mystical way we share in Christ's sacrifice and also in the \______________ that his sacrifice gives the Church.

Bishops

Have you ever wondered why the Church is governed by the Pope and \_________? Jesus set up the structure himself.

Trinity

As you have become familiar with the Old Testament and the Gospels, you have come to know the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit, the Third Divine Person of the \_____________.

Pentecost

The Holy Spirit was fully revealed at \______________, when he descended upon the Apostles, with Mary present Among them.

Sanctify

The Holy Spirits mission is to continually \______________, or make holy, the Church.

Mission

Through the power of the Holy Spirit, the Church carries out her \___________ to bring all people into union with the Trinity.

Gentiles

The Holy Spirit inspired the Apostles and other disciples to share the Good News with Jews and \___________.

Communion

God made human beings to live in harmony with him and with one another. The Church, revealed on Pentecost, is a means to achieve this harmony, which we also call \_________________.

Wind, Fire

The account in Acts of the Apostles tells us that "a noise like a strong, driving \_____" suddenly filled the house where Jesus' Apostles were gathered. "Tongues as of \_____" rested on each of them, and they were filled with the Holy Spirit

Tower of Babel

At the \________________________, God put up barriers to understanding; at Pentecost he broke them down.

Planned, Instituted

Remember that the Father \_____ the Church from from all eternity, and his Son \_____ the Church before the Holy Spirit descended on the Apostles

Trinity

On Pentecost, God as the \_____________ was fully revealed for the first time.

Evangelization

In God's plan of salvation, Pentecost marked the beginning of the Church's mission on Earth, when the Apostles were able to begin their work of \____________________ and to baptize in Jesus' name.

Animates, Sanctifies

The Holy Spirit, given to the Church's members by Christ, builds, \_____, and \_____ the Church. These three elements of the Holy Spirit's mission are evidence of the Holy Spirit's energy

Body of Christ

Saint Augustine of Hippo once said that what the soul is to the human body, so the Holy Spirit is to the \_______________, the Church.

Virtues

The Holy Spirit works to increase the holiness of the Church and her members through the Sacraments, through the \____________ by which we live a moral life, and by the many gifts the Holy Spirit gives to each person.

Sacred Tradition

Because we cannot experience the Holy Spirit with our five senses, it can be helpful to look at some images or symbols that describe the work of the Holy Spirit in Sacred Scripture and \__________________.

Wind, Fire, Dove

In addition to images involving \____________________ and \____________________, Sacred Scripture often portrays the Holy Spirit as a \____________________, an image frequently echoed in Christian art.

Flesh, Holy Spirit

The Apostle Paul contrasted a life lived according to the \____________________ with a holy life lived according to the power of the \_________________________.

Spirit

Those who live according to the \__________ focus not on themselves but rather on the needs and well-being of others.

Petition, Intercession

The Holy Spirit, as the master of prayer, not only intercedes for us but also instructs us in our prayer life, inspiring us to express new forms of the five basic types of prayer: blessing, \____________________, \__________________________, thanksgiving, and praise.

Charisms

The Holy Spirit gives various special graces, called \_______, to the members of the Church for the benefit of the whole Church and, through the Church, the whole world.

Gifts of the Holy Spirit

These Charisms should not be confused, however, with the \_____________________________.

Ordinary

\_________________ Charisms are those simple and humble graces that build up the Church, contribute to human good, and respond to the needs of the world.

Extraordinary

Some of the Holy Spirit's special graces are \________________, involving spiritual powers beyond normal human abilities.

Infallibility

As leaders and teachers of the Church, the Pope and the bishops in union with him have the charism of \_________________, so that the Church may always avoid error in her teaching on faith and morals.

Doctrine

The Pope, as supreme pastor and teacher, uses this gift when he defines a \_____________ as infallible.

Universal

After his Resurrection, Christ made it clear that the Apostles' mission was \______________, meaning it was for everyone.

Good News, Love

Why did the Apostles and early disciples travel so far and work so hard to spread the \_______________________? The universal \_________________ of God, who desires that all be saved, motivated and energized them to travel throughout the known world to share the truth of the Gospel with all who would listen.

Trinitarian

The Church's mission is \_________________.

Cooperate

The ultimate purpose of the Apostles' mission was to \_______________ with the Holy Trinity's plan by inviting people to share in the communion between the Father and the Son in the Holy Spirit.

Adapt, Disciples

Like any good teacher, the Church recognizes that she must \____________________ her way of spreading the Gospel to reach diverse audiences and the great variety of learners, or \____________________, on earth.

Conversion

Although he was called to be the Apostle to the Gentiles at his \_____________, Saint Paul preached to Gentiles and Jews alike.

Changed, Truths

Paul's ways of presenting the faith \________________________ with his audience, but he never changed the \____________________ of the faith.

Greek, Attracted

Paul's ability to speak \____________________ allowed him to explain important Christian truths to people from Greco-Roman cultures so they could understand the faith. This outreach also \____________________ more intellectual and well-educated believers in addition to those who were perhaps less educated.

Persecution, Help

The Roman Empire's \_______________ of early Christians is well known, but we must remember that certain strengths of the Roman Empire also greatly \_______ the Church to carry out her mission.

Messiah, Blasphemy

Jewish leaders did not accept Jesus as the \____________________. They considered claims of Jesus' divinity to be blasphemous, because they believed that only God could be fully divine. Because of this charge of \____________________, Paul, a devout Pharisee, sought to destroy the Church (see Galatians 1:13) before his conversion to Christianity.

Life, Martyr

The highest form of Christian witness is giving up one's \_______________ for Christ. The Greek word martys reveals this connection: it literally means "witness" and is also the basis for our English word \____________________.

Destroying, Encouraged

Far from \____________________ the Church, persecution produced brave martyrs whose examples \______________________ other Christians to remain steadfast in their faith.

Antichrist

One scriptural prediction tells us that the \____________________, a false messiah, will set himself up in the place of God and will deceive many.

Earthly, Ultimate

We see previews of the antichrist's deception when any \____________________ power tries to claim the \______________________ power and authority of God.

Answers, Suffering

We know that God alone has the \____________________, and we also know that God's love is more than enough to support us, even during times of \____________________ and persecution.

Church

The entire people of God throughout the world

Diocese

"Particular," or local Church, the regional community of believers gathering in perishes.

Liturgy

The Church's official, public, communal prayer. It is God's work, in which the People of God participate. The Church's most important \___________ is the Eucharist, or the Mass.

Kingdom of God

the goal of God's plan of salvation

Church Fathers

Teachers and writers in the early Church, many of whom were bishops, whose teachings are a witness to the Apostolic Tradition.

Foreshadow

To represent or prefigure a person before his or her life or an event before it occurs.