history midterm

bering strait

what did nomadic hunters travel to north america across 15-30,000 years ago?

agricultural revolution

what revived the ability to plant/raise crops?

mesoamerica

where was the agricultural revolution first seen?

olmec

what was the first tribe to develop sophisticated society in the americas?

yucatan peninsula

where did mayan civilization first emerge?

toltecs

who were master architects that built the massive city of tula?

aztecs

who did the city of tula fall to?

tenochtitlan

what was the great city built on lake texacoco?

tribute

what was the payment from cities other tribes conquered?

hohokam

what was the south central arizona tribe that had impressive irrigation canals?

pueblos

what did spanish explorers call the hohokam's village buildings?

mississippian

cohokia was home to what mid west tribe?

great plains

the sioux were nomads from which tribe?

iroquois

what were the tribes east of the great lakes?

renaissance

what was the rebirth of interest in ancient greece/rome?

vasco de gama

who sailed around africa to the coast of southwest india?

claudius ptolemy

who developed modern geography using system of lines called latitude & longitude?

hernan cortes

who defeats the aztecs and montezuma after they believe he is a god?

christopher columbus

who is the first european to sail west & connet europe to the americas?

amerigo vespucci

who was the italian sail that reached the west coast of south america, realized it wasn't india & had the lands named after him?

juan ponce de leon

who was the governor of puerto rico & discovered florida?

ferdinand magellan

who discovered the strait at the southern tip of south america & his crew was the first to circumnavigate the globe?

nina, pinta, santa maria

what were the names of columbus' ships?

wool cloth explosion with nobles using land to raise sheep

what caused tenant farmers to lose their land in england?

walter raleigh

who founded the colony of virginia?

failure

was the roanoke settlement a success or failure?

tobacco

what cash crop ultimately saves the colony?

house of burgesses

what is the first form of organized government seen in the colonies?

george calvert

who founded maryland?

catholics

maryland was a refuge for whom?

pilgrims

what group of puritans founded the plymouth colony?

mayflower

the pilgrims set sail on which ship?

roger williams

who founded rhode island?

dutch, new netherlands

new york was originally a \__________ colony, named \___________________

james duke of york

who changed the colony's name to new york?

quakers

who was the religious group that came to pennsylvania?

william penn, king charles ii granted him land to pay off a debt

who founded pennsylvania & how?

king charles ii

who were the carolinas named after?

poor, james oglethorpe

georgia became a refuge for the \______________ & was founded by \_____________________

indentured servant

who worked 4-7 years for the person covering the cost of transportation to america?

strict

was the puritan society strict or lenient on its members?

nathaniel bacon

who led the first major rebellion in jamestown?

it was burnt to the ground

what happened to jamestown when civil war ensued?

stono rebellion

what was the first major slave rebellion?

navigation acts

what stated that all goods shipped to/from the colonies must be carried on english ships?

no, they can't own property/contracts/wills

did women have equal rights to men in the colonies?

french & indian war

what was the 4 year war between the british & the french in north america?

unification of the colonies to form a federal government

what did ben franklin hope to accomplish at the albany conference?

custom duties

what are taxes on imports/exports?

smuggling

how did colonists avoiding custom duties?

vice-admiralty courts

what are naval officers that tried smugglers?

sugar act

which act raised tax rates on imports of sugar/molasses?

stamp act

which act taxed printed materials?

sons of liberty

who organized demonstrations & intimidated stamp distributors?

representation

the declaration of rights & grievances states that taxation must be based on \_________________

nonimportation agreement, yes

what was agreement of colonial merchants to boycott british goods until the repeal of the stamp act & was it successful?

declaratory act

which act stated that parliament still had power to make laws for the colonies?

writs of assistance

what were search warrants for customs officers?

only the house of burgesses could tax virginians

what did the va resolves state?

boston

what city was sam adams rallying the people against britain?

committees of correspondence

what were where the colonies communicated about unjust british activity & unification?

patrick henry

who is famous for saying "give me liberty or give me death"?

loyalists

who were the americans who supported the british?

paul revere

who alerted the patriots "the british are coming"?

unknown

who fired the first shot at lexington?

british, suffer 1,000 casualties

who wins the battle of bunker hill & at what price?

prohibitory act

which act shut down all trade with the colonies?

hessians

who are english hired mercinaries?

thomas paine, common sense

who sways the minds of many colonists to support the patriots & what pamphlet does he write?

thomas jefferson

who wrote the declaration of independence?

july 4th, 1776

what date was the declaration of independence adopted?

robert morris

who was the wealthy pa merchant that pledges big money for the war effort?

new york city

where are the british headquarters?

nathaniel hale

who was the american that was sent to spy on the british?

dec. 25th, 1776, at night, winter, christmas; american win & capture 1,000 hessians

what happens at the crossing of the delaware/battle of trenton?

lt. cornwallis outflanks continental army, no

how does philadelphia fall & was britain successful in what they hoped to accomplish in philly?

valley forge

what was the winter camp where the colonists were trained by marquis de lafayette & baron friedrich von steuben?

battle of saratoga

what was the major turning point in the war?

france

who joins the war effort & is the first country to recognize the u.s. as independent?

letters of marque

what gave authorization for private ship owners to attack british merchant ships?

battle of monmouth

what was the largest battle of the war with no winner & was the first time that american troops stood against british troops in battle?

appalachian mountain militia, francis marion

who are the over-mountain men & swamp fox?

kings mountain

where do the swamp fox & over-mountain men defeat patrick ferguson?

anthony wayne, benedict arnolt

who was the key general and the traitor in the battle of yorktown?

originally wanted to take nyc, but took yorktown & french blocked bay cutting off english supplies

what did washington's & french troops do during the battle of yorktown?

voting citizens

who exercises power in a republic?

any white male who paid their taxes

who could vote in the republic?

relied on them for agriculture

why was the south more reluctant to free their slaves?

delegates only met 1x/year, no judicial/executive branch, no taxes & trade regulations

why were the articles of confederation weak?

northwest ordinance

what was the basis for governing & selling western territory?

inflation

what is the decline in the value of money?

for, against

washington was \____________ revising the articles of confederation & jefferson was \______________ it.

boston

what city is credited with starting the rebellion against britain?

boston tea party

what was when 342 chests of tea were dumped overboard into the boston harbor by colonists upset with the tea act?

patriots

who were colonists that supported the americans/believed britain was a tyrant?

superior weaponry

despite being on foreign soil, and outnumbered, what major factor allowed the europeans to take lands from the natives as they pleased?

spread christianity, mapping, columbian exchange, connect btw 2 worlds

what are the pros of europeans sailing west?

disease/death, slavery, war, native culture destroyed

what are the cons of europeans sailing west?

protestant reformation, economic issues, spanish rivalry

what 3 reasons caused the british to begin exploring/settling the new world?

convert to catholicism, abandon their culture/traditions

what did many european explorers make the natives do after conquering their lands?