Chem 109 Exam 1

H

hydrogen(nonmetal)

He

Helium(nonmetal, noble gas)

Li

Lithium(metal, alkaline)

Be

Beryllium(metal,earth)

B

Boron(nonmetal)

C

Carbon(nonmetal)

N

Nitrogen (nonmetal)

O

Oxygen (nonmetal)

F

Fluorine(nonmetal)

Ne

Neon(nonmetal, noble gas)

Na

Sodium(metal, alkaline)

Mg

Magnesium(metal, earth)

Al

Aluminum (metal, metalloid)

Si

Silicon(nonmetal, metalloid)

P

Phosphorus(nonmetal)

S

Sulfur(nonmetal)

Cl

Chlorine(nonmetal, halogen)

Ar

Argon(nonmetal, noble gas)

K

Potassium(metal, alkaline)

Ca

Calcium(metal, earth)

Sc

Scandium(metal, transitional)

Ti

Titanium(metal,transitional)

V

Vanadium(metal, transitional)

Cr

Chromium(metal, transitional)

Mn

Manganese(metal,transitional)

Fe

iron(metal, transitional)

Co

Cobalt(metal, transitional)

Ni

Nickel (transition metal)

Cu

Copper(transitional metal)

Zn

Zinc(transitional metal)

Ga

Gallium(transitional)

Ge

Germanium(metal, metalloid)

As

Arsenic(metal, metalloid)

Se

Selenium(nonmetal)

Br

Bromine(nonmetal, halogen)

Kr

Krypton(nonmetal, noble gas)

Rb

Rubidium(metal, alkaline)

Sr

Strontium(metal, earth)

Mo

Molybdenum (transition metal)

Pd

Palladium (transition metal)

Ag

Silver(transitional metal)

Sn

Tin(transitional metal)

Sb

Antimony(metal, metalloid)

Te

Tellurium(metal, metalloid)

I

Iodine(nonmetal, halogen)

Xe

Xenon(nonmetal, noble gas)

Cs

Cesium(metal, alkaline)

Ba

Barium(metal, earth)

W

Tungsten(transitional metal)

Pt

Platinum(transitional metal)

Au

gold(transitional metal)

Hg

Mercury(transitional metal)

Pb

Lead(transitional metal)

At

Astatine(Metalloid, halogen)

Rn

Radon(noble gas)

Th

Thorium(Actinide,metal)

U

Uranium(actinide, metal)

1 pound

453.6 grams(not exact)

1 inch

2.54 cm (exact)

1 mile

5280 feet(exact)

1 mile

1.609 km(not exact)

1 gallon

4 quarts(exact)

1 liter

1.06 quarts(not exact)

Metals

malleable and ductile.Good conductors.Lose electrons and form cations

nonmetals

Brittle,not good conductors and tend to gain electrons to form anions.

diatomic elements

H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2

molecular compound

nonmetals bound together by covalent bonds

Ionic Compounds

nonmetals and metal bound together by ionic bonds.

Atomic Theory

a theory that states that all matter is composed of tiny particles called atoms.(John Dalton)

law of definite proportions

a given compound always contains exactly the same proportion of elements by mass(Dalton)

Law of Conservation of Mass

Matter is not created nor destroyed in any chemical or physical change(Dalton)

Law of Multiple Proportions

When 2 elements A and B form 2 different compounds the masses of B that combine with 1.00g or A can be expressed as a ratio of small whole numbers.(Dalton)

cathode ray tube

Used by JJ Thompson to discover the electron and find that it is negatively charged also able to find charge to mass ratio of 1.76x10^8 C/g

Oil Drop Experiment

done by Robert Millikan and was able to find the charge of the electron.(1.6x10^-19 C)

Gold Foil Experiment

Conducted by Ernest Rutherford in which alpha particles that were shot at gold foil were deflected when they hit the positive center of gold atoms. The nucleus was discovered as a result of this experiment. Thus the atoms is mostly empty space and that the nucleus was positively charged thus electrons are not in the nucleus.

alpha particle

mass number of 4 and has a 2+ charge

Beta Particle

Mass number of 0 and -1 charge

molecular formula

A chemical formula that shows the number and kinds of atoms in a molecule

Structural formula

shows structure of how atoms are connected

empirical formula

is the molecular formula reduced to the simplest whole number ratio of atoms

extensive properties

depend on the amount of matter that is present

intensive properties

do not depend on the amount of matter present

Kelvin

K=C+273.15

Farenheit

F=9/5C+32

Celcius

C=5/9(F-32)

homogenus

uniform properties

heterogeneous

properties vary from region to region

Density

mass/volume

Mass

Volume x Density

Volume

mass/density

Tera(T)

10^12

Giga(G)

10^9

Mega(M)

10^6

kilo (k)

10^3

deci(d)

10^-1

centi(c)

10^-2

milli(m)

10^-3

micro(u)

10^-6

nano(n)

10^-9

pico(p)

10^-12